Child Protection and Practice最新文献

{"title":"A systematic review of the effects of housing support on social welfare outcomes in pregnancy and early childhood","authors":"Kathleen Brew ,&nbsp;Jessica Heerde ,&nbsp;Anna Price ,&nbsp;Karen McLean","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Homelessness during pregnancy and early childhood is associated with poorer social welfare outcomes for birth parents and their children. For these clients, contact with the child protection system is common. In some cases, children are removed.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To systematically review published literature investigating the impact of housing support during pregnancy and early childhood on child protection outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><p>and setting: Provision of housing support for clients experiencing homelessness while pregnant or parenting young children (0–7 years) in high-income countries.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A systematic search of databases CINAHL and SocIndex for peer reviewed studies, with independent double-screening of retrieved studies and full-text review of eligible studies.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>Of 793 screens and 37 studies with full-text review, two were eligible. Both were small, without a control group, and one was qualitative. There was no convincing evidence for impacts, and meta-analysis was not possible. In post-hoc reviews, five additional studies met all criteria except child protection outcomes. These studies’ findings suggested that, compared with controls, housing interventions led to faster initial improvements in housing status and decreased alcohol use, as well as decreases in child internalising and externalising behaviours.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>There are promising indications that housing interventions generate benefits for clients experiencing homelessness while pregnant or parenting young children. However, high-quality longitudinal studies with robust intervention designs are lacking, likely due to the challenges inherent in embedding research to evaluate such programs. Given the importance of pregnancy and early childhood on children's development, existing housing support and policy implementation evaluations should be prioritised.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100024"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S295019382400024X/pdfft?md5=950825bc1e9b4c5b575964deda52f5f0&pid=1-s2.0-S295019382400024X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140637839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflicted violence-related injuries among children and youth in ontario during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Alexia Medeiros ,&nbsp;Lennon Li ,&nbsp;Brendan T. Smith ,&nbsp;Sarah Carsley ,&nbsp;Alex Zheng ,&nbsp;Ian Pike ,&nbsp;Alison K. Macpherson ,&nbsp;Justin Thielman ,&nbsp;Ashini Weerasinghe ,&nbsp;Shazya Karmali ,&nbsp;Natasha Saunders ,&nbsp;Sarah A. Richmond","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>During the COVID-19 pandemic, it was hypothesized that stay-at-home policies would impact cases of violence, abuse, and neglect among children and youth due to increased familial stressors.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>We examined the effect of the implementation of pandemic policies on violence-related emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations among youth.</p></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><p>Violence-related ED visits and hospitalizations among children and youth ages 0–19 in Ontario, Canada were obtained from April 2015 until the most recent available date, March 31, 2022.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We used an interrupted time series design to model the change in monthly violence-related ED visits and hospitalizations before and during the pandemic. We used negative binomial models to estimate the immediate effect of the policy and the change in the number of injuries during the pandemic.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>After adjusting for seasonality and population changes over our study period, we observed a 56% decrease in violence-related ED visits (RR: 0.44, 95%CI: 0.38, 0.50) and a 35% decrease in hospitalizations (RR: 0.65, 95%CI: 0.52, 0.82) immediately after the implementation of the pandemic policy, followed by moderate increasing trends. We observed no difference in the effect of the pandemic policies on the rate of violence-related ED visits and hospitalizations by sex, age or material deprivation; however, males aged 10–19 years and those in higher quintiles of material deprivation had higher average rates of injuries compared to females, those in younger age groups and lower quintiles of deprivation over the study period.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>We observed an abrupt decrease in the rate of violence-related ED visits and hospitalizations immediately after the onset of pandemic policies in Ontario. Following this, violence-related injuries increased, approaching pre-pandemic levels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100020"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950193824000202/pdfft?md5=6b0efa060e3837be38684c68c2d4021f&pid=1-s2.0-S2950193824000202-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140786903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Policy Paradox","authors":"Barbara Fallon,&nbsp;Nico Trocmé","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100015"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950193824000159/pdfft?md5=b46d9450d8fb000cdf329534a96b9f2a&pid=1-s2.0-S2950193824000159-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140279303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinguishing profiles of adversity among child protection investigations in Ontario, Canada: A latent class analysis","authors":"Rachael Lefebvre ,&nbsp;Barbara Fallon ,&nbsp;John Fluke ,&nbsp;Nico Trocmé ,&nbsp;Tara Black ,&nbsp;Tonino Esposito ,&nbsp;David W. Rothwell","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Child welfare-involved families have diverse and multi-faceted needs. Families who experience poverty and are investigated by the child protection system may represent a particularly vulnerable group.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aims to understand the unique profiles of need that exist for families who experience poverty and are investigated by the Ontario child protection system.</p></div><div><h3>Participants and setting</h3><p>Data from the Ontario Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect 2018 (OIS-2018) was used. The OIS-2018 is a cross-sectional study which collected information on investigations conducted in Ontario, Canada in 2018.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A latent class analysis was conducted to identify and describe distinct classes of adversity among a representative sample of child protection investigations. Indicators of child, caregiver and economic adversity were used.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>This study found evidence for eight distinct classes of adversity. With the exception of a low adversity class which emerged, the identified classes were characterized by distinct profiles of cooccurring adversities and there were several classes where indicators of poverty were probable. Investigation dispositions varied greatly by class.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The findings highlight the importance of ensuring an optimal fit between the distinct needs of investigated families and the child welfare interventions provided. Services and supports that are tailored to the specific constellations of cooccurring adversities that families face may be more effective in reducing the need for future child welfare involvement and/or more intrusive child protection responses. It is likely that investigated families who experience poverty would benefit from a range of economic and concrete supports.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100022"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950193824000226/pdfft?md5=c0415b2e72449c8963726cde0ea2a29b&pid=1-s2.0-S2950193824000226-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140399403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association of adverse childhood experiences with household income, educational attainment and partnered status among adults aged 30-39","authors":"Claire Fisher ,&nbsp;Audrey Stillerman ,&nbsp;Joe Feinglass","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The association of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with young adult social outcomes is poorly understood.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To examine the relationship between ACEs and young adult household income, education, and partnered status.</p></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><p>13,767 respondents (population-weighted estimate N = 13,191,291) aged 30–39 completed the optional ACES module in the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) from 17 states.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The 2019 BRFSS was used to analyze the significance of ACE scores for the likelihood of reporting household income greater than $75,000, a college or postgraduate degree, and living with a partner among respondents aged 30–39. Poisson regression analyses controlled for sociodemographic, health status, and behavioral risk characteristics.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>As compared to those with zero ACEs, respondents reporting four or more ACE exposures (20.2% of respondents) were marginally less likely to report high income (IRR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.79–0.97) and one-third less likely to report a college degree (IRR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.61–0.76), with no significant difference in partnered status.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Young adult social status may be shaped by social-emotional effects of ACEs that go beyond demographic and health status differences. Enhancing resilience to childhood adversity can benefit from a trauma-informed approach in health care, education, and employment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100021"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950193824000214/pdfft?md5=7964435c487db8bbb0c2ebbc0ab8961d&pid=1-s2.0-S2950193824000214-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140279840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Considerations for child protection and practice: What is child protection now?","authors":"Christine Wekerle","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over the last 50 years, the global community has forged consensus on child rights and, thereby, laid the basis for defining child protection in terms of three cornerstones: (1) the protection from all forms of violence in all settings and contexts and for all children, without discrimination; (2) the provision of supports within governments, to families, and children for the promotion of child health when failures to child protection occurs; (3) and the participation of child and youth voices to value their lived experience and developmentally-based understanding of adult decisions impacting their rights. As such, child protection has historically been internationally focused, broad-based, with accountability structures within countries and internationally. When we survey some current contexts, the implementation of child rights seems to have been met with a blockage in realizing child protection, within child welfare system settings, but more graphically within conflict settings. This discussion serves as an introduction to the needed discourse on standards in responding to child rights violations, and the urgent need to formulate preventive, protective strategies to uphold the law-based consensus of global child rights and global child health goals. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, and its Optional Protocols, continues to be the leading guidepost for country-level and international efforts to protect children and promote their well-being, and informs the Sustainable Development Goals integrating the protection from violence with child health, as benefiting the public health and global health targets. With seemingly shifting alliances among countries, the central focus on child rights as foundational and the driving force to child protection needs to remain as a cross-cutting, sustained commitment. Duty of care precedes the standards of care, and such standards are uppermost in need in our current socio-economic-political landscape.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100025"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950193824000251/pdfft?md5=db86f3c1a0f237f7da890344070785ec&pid=1-s2.0-S2950193824000251-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140618765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of child protection investigations in Ontario and Quebec, Canada","authors":"Emmaline A.L. Houston ,&nbsp;Barbara Fallon ,&nbsp;Sonia Hélie ,&nbsp;Nico Trocmé","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The Canadian child protection system is a network of provincial, territorial, and federal systems. Each province and territory has unique child protection legislation and service delivery practices. There is significant variation between the legislations and processes which inevitably determines which children and families are investigated.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study examines the clinical case characteristics to understand the drivers related to the significant difference in child protection investigation rates occurring in Ontario and Quebec, Canada. Relevant legislations and policies are also examined.</p></div><div><h3>Participant and setting</h3><p>The study uses data from four provincial Incidences Studies: 1) the Ontario Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect-2013 (OIS-2013), 2) the Quebec Incidence Study on Investigations of Child Protection-2014 (EIQ-2014); 3) OIS-2018); and 4) EIQ-2019. These studies are cross-sectional and collect de-identified information on child protection investigations which occurred in the relative province and year.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Descriptive tests were conducted to examine differences between clinical case characteristics of the four Incidence Studies. Incidence rates were calculated using Statistics Canada Census data. Confidence intervals were conducted to test for significant differences.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There is a statistically significant difference in the investigation rates between OIS-2013 and EIQ-2014, and OIS-2018 and EIQ-2019. There is no statistically significant difference in the substantiation rates between OIS-2013 and EIQ-2014, and no clinical difference in the substantiation rates between OIS-2018 and EIQ-2019.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>It is a critical time to examine screening procedures and tools to ensure resources are used effectively and reduce negative impacts on children and families unnecessarily investigated. Keywords: child welfare, policy, provincial comparisons, incidence rates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100012"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950193824000123/pdfft?md5=df343b33f1cda84765d0f75c978e8ee5&pid=1-s2.0-S2950193824000123-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140275632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From policy to research to policy: Introduction to special section on child welfare issues in Ontario, Canada","authors":"Ante Cuvalo,&nbsp;Christine Wekerle","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The adoption and implementation of the UNCRC across the globe has taken many forms in various countries, as some develop legislations, national policies, and amend current provisions to work towards eliminating all forms of child violence by 2030, as outlined by SDG 16. Systemic disparities pertaining to international conflicts, power dynamics, and resource limitations hinder the progress of achieving SDG 16. This frequently restrains reporting standards, organization development, and just aid to maltreated children. In terms of the Canadian landscape, Canada acts as a pathfinder country in the adoption of the UNCRC, as it has implemented numerous studies and initiatives in an attempt to end child maltreatment. However, systemic racism, overrepresentation of marginalized communities, and a lack of support for youth as they age-out of care persists in the Canadian child welfare system. While the Ontario child welfare system shares similar struggles, they have made strides in the fields of child maltreatment reporting and data collection, as well as trends and problem identification through the Ontario Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect. First, we present considerations related to the global mandate for child protection, and the challenges that persist amongst marginalized communities. Subsequently, we focus on Canada and, in particular, the Ontario example: the trends from the Ontario Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect (OIS). This child welfare epidemiological project has highlighted the need for greater intersectional adjustments to best protect children, where the iterative research-policy cycle has most effectively been seen with a formal system for the inclusion of lived experience, as in the case of Indigenous peoples. This introduction to the OIS research papers emphasizes that adaptive models for cost-sharing and collaboration are needed to increase the relevance, efficiency and effectiveness of the child welfare system. Continued evaluation to respond to and challenge policy is a critical function of sustained surveillance systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100019"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950193824000196/pdfft?md5=17ac2e8e81ea6a7e7c6aac5367688353&pid=1-s2.0-S2950193824000196-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140278333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of positive psychological factors in the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and outcomes for university students","authors":"James Stevenson","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In adults with a history of childhood adversity such as abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction there is greater risk of depression, PTSD, alcoholism, suicide, cancer, heart disease, and more. The field of positive psychology aims to improve well-being, which can buffer against stressors and build resources and resilience to cope with adversity. Positive psychology interventions show promise in clinical populations, so may be effective in changing the life-course for adults affected by childhood adversity.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To review the empirical literature on positive psychological variables that may moderate or mediate the relationships between childhood adversity and various outcomes for young adults, mostly university students.</p></div><div><h3>Participants and setting</h3><p>This review included a total of 9938 participants, from mostly university student samples (average mean age = 21.19, SD = 2.41) in USA, China, and Turkey.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>PsycINFO, CINAHL, and ERIC were searched in accord with PRISMA guidelines. Studies that explored positive factors and whether they moderated or mediated the relationship between childhood adversity and various outcomes were included. 162 records were screened, and 11 were selected for inclusion.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Eight factors mediated or moderated the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and various deleterious outcomes: self-compassion, optimism, positive perception, meaning in life, positive emotions, mindset, subjective well-being, and psychological <em>suzhi</em>.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Approaches that aim to support recovery from the challenges connected with childhood adversity should aim to integrate the promotion of these positive factors into interventions and treatments. Specifically, subjective wellbeing seems to have high value and can be reliably developed using positive psychology interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100009"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950193824000093/pdfft?md5=bfcb94f32e48736a82afa2d734e3aeb1&pid=1-s2.0-S2950193824000093-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140277088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering physical harm in cases of reported child maltreatment","authors":"Nico Trocmé ,&nbsp;Barbara Fallon ,&nbsp;Nicolette Joh-Carnella ,&nbsp;Kristin Denault","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Child protection statutes are designed to protect children from harm, yet there is surprisingly limited information available about injuries or other forms of harm documented in cases of reported child maltreatment.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To examine trends in the rate of substantiated child maltreatment investigations in Canada involving physical harm over a twenty-year period.</p></div><div><h3>Participants and Setting</h3><p>The Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect (CIS) is a cyclical study which uses a file review methodology to collect information about child maltreatment-related investigations from child protection workers across Canada.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We conducted secondary analysis of data from three cycles of the CIS (1998, 2008, and 2019). Because information on physical harm was not available from Quebec during the 2019 cycle, we limited the analyses to the rest of Canada, excluding Quebec.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>The rate of child maltreatment-related investigations has more than doubled between 1998 and 2019 from 24.53 to 56.03 investigations per 1000 children. Rates of substantiated maltreatment have also increased (from 10.21 to 17.56 investigations per 1000 children), while the rate of substantiated investigations involving documented physical harm has decreased (from 1.81 to 0.79 investigations per 1000 children).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Child protection agencies in Canada are identifying less physical harm than they were two decades ago although the overall rate of investigations has increased in the same time period. A better understanding of the scope of injuries and the profile of children and families investigated is essential to understanding the extent to which child protection systems are effectively meeting their duty to protect.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100014"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950193824000147/pdfft?md5=10daf27527f6754fa9d1e21848122cc9&pid=1-s2.0-S2950193824000147-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140276607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}