儿童保护问题:从生物生态系统的角度探讨南非校园暴力的原因

Sipho Sibanda , Poppy Masinga
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引用次数: 0

摘要

南非的校园暴力对学习者、家庭、教育工作者和整个社区都造成了严重的后果。认识到校园暴力的复杂原因,使社会工作者和其他服务提供者能够通过有针对性的干预和服务有效地作出反应。本文从生物生态系统的角度探讨了南非校园暴力的原因。参与者和环境:研究在南非的9所高中进行,共有47名9年级和10年级的学生和30名教育工作者参加了研究。方法采用定性案例研究设计,通过焦点小组讨论从学习者和教育者中收集数据,并采用专题分析方法进行分析。已采取措施确保数据质量。研究结果表明,校园暴力是由几个相互交叉的因素引起的,其中包括个人因素,如学习者不守纪律;与家庭有关的因素,如贫穷;人际因素,如同伴压力和地位;挑衅和报复;赌博;与社区有关的因素,例如帮派行为的盛行;社区中的酒精和毒品;与学校有关的因素,例如教育工作者的不专业行为;以及种族主义和偏见等结构性因素。南非学校暴力应该被视为一个儿童保护问题,是由个人、家庭、群体、社区和社会经济历史等多种因素相互作用造成的。建议设计一项以生物生态系统观点为指导的综合性校园暴力预防方案,以解决校园暴力的复杂原因,作为保障学龄儿童权利和福祉的一种方式。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A child protection issue: Exploring the causes of school-based violence in South Africa from a bio-ecological systems perspective

Background

School based violence in South Africa has severe consequences for learners, families, educators, and the entire community. Being aware of the complex causes of violence in schools enables social workers and other service providers to respond effectively through well targeted interventions and services.

Objectives

The article explores the causes of school-based violence in South Africa from a bio-ecological systems perspective.

Participants

and setting: The study was conducted at nine high schools in South Africa. 47 grade 9 and 10 learners and 30 educators participated in the study.

Methods

Using a qualitative case-study design, data was collected from learners and educators through focus group discussions and analysed using thematic analysis. Measures were put in place to ensure the quality of data.

Findings

The findings indicate that school-based violence is caused by several intersecting factors which include individual-factors such as learner indiscipline; family-related factors such as poverty; inter-personal factors such as peer pressure and status; provocation and revenge; gambling; community-related factors such as the prevalence of gangsterism; alcohol and drugs in communities; school-related factors such as the unprofessional behaviour of educators; and structural factors such as racism and prejudice.

Conclusions

Violence in South African schools should be declared a child protection issue caused by multiple interacting individual, family, group, community, and socio-economic historical factors. The design of a comprehensive school-based violence prevention programme guided by the bio-ecological systems perspective is recommended to address the complex causes of school-based violence as a way of safeguarding the rights and wellbeing of school-going children.
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