Child Protection and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Supporting the mental health and wellbeing of mothers at risk of repeat care proceedings and preventing care entry: a realist evaluation","authors":"R. McGovern ,&nbsp;E. Geijer-Simpson ,&nbsp;S. O'Keeffe ,&nbsp;W. McGovern ,&nbsp;S. McCarthy ,&nbsp;M. Lhussier ,&nbsp;A. Bate","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The number of children being taken into care is increasing year-on-year around the world, with particular concern about mothers who experience repeat infant removal. These mothers have often experienced multiple disadvantages, which are compounded by the trauma of child removal. There is an urgent need to understand how to interrupt these cycles of disadvantage, trauma and child removal.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To identify and explain the perceived influence of contextual factors and mechanisms of an intensive, relationship-based intervention upon: i) the mental health and wellbeing of mothers at risk of repeat care proceedings; ii) and the care outcomes of their infants.</div></div><div><h3>Participants and setting</h3><div>The study was conducted in the North East of England. Participants of the were 159 mother-infant dyads (n = 79 intervention and n = 80 received usual care). Additionally, we recruited a total of 39 realist interview participants (n = 10 referring practitioners; n = 11; Startwell practitioners; n = 17 mothers and n = 1 partner).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This mixed-method study employed a realist approach to service evaluation, using quasi-experimental and qualitative methods.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In iterative consultation with stakeholders, we developed three programme theories relating to: i) supporting the mother to safeguard the child; ii) safely challenging behaviour and beliefs; iii) grief and loss.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>We found that in the context of surveillance wherein mothers with longstanding negative and adversarial experiences of services, a mother-centred and empathic approach is likely to lead to more accurate and decisive assessment, increase reunification and support mothers to grieve following infant removal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of multidimensional treatment foster care for maltreated children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Andrea Krishnapillai ,&nbsp;Lindsay Oad ,&nbsp;Taylar Cassidy ,&nbsp;Melissa Kimber ,&nbsp;Nancy Santesso","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>A significant proportion of youth in foster care have a history of child maltreatment (CM) exposure, which contributes to their elevated risk for experiencing emotional and behavioural disorders.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To update a previously published systematic review and meta-analysis examining the effects of Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC) on the well-being of maltreated youth in foster care.</div></div><div><h3>Participants and setting</h3><div>Children between 3 and 17 years of age exposed to any type of CM by their birth parents.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Systematic searches across five databases retrieved randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the impact of MTFC. We assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and certainty of the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations approach.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eight RCTs were included. Meta-analyses indicated that MTFC may have little to no greater effect on internalizing symptoms at 5–6 months but may slightly reduce externalizing symptoms at 3–12 months compared to usual care. MTFC's long-term effects on these outcomes is still uncertain. There is very little and uncertain evidence regarding the difference in effects of MTFC compared to usual care interventions on suicide attempts or ideation, involvement with authority, and positive parent-child interactions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>MTFC may have no additional benefits for children exposed to maltreatment. Decision makers must balance these findings with costs, resources, and training required to provide MTFC to this population compared to usual care. Quality RCTs that measure long-term outcomes, and which integrate the perspectives of children who receive MTFC, are needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143934983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"He lived in a tent and I was homeless … so I became his girlfriend”: A Trauma-Informed Photovoice Study of Coping Strategies Among Childhood Sex Trafficking Survivors","authors":"Jennifer S. Middleton ,&nbsp;Lesley Harris ,&nbsp;Hallie Decker ,&nbsp;Samantha Revill ,&nbsp;Jordan Greenbaum","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100174","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Child focused, Curious, and open to Complexity: A new model for assessing and addressing domestic and family violence in child protection practice","authors":"Ulrike Marwitz ,&nbsp;Daryl J. Higgins ,&nbsp;Thomas Whelan","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Domestic violence is a common and significant issue in families with child protection involvement, both because domestic violence can harm children directly, and because it commonly co-occurs with other issues that increase the risk of harm to children. Despite how common this issue is, child protection systems have often failed to respond appropriately to families in which domestic violence presents a risk of harm to children. In this paper, we will present a model which can support child protection practitioners in working with families in which DFV is identified as a risk to the safety and wellbeing of children. Our model builds on the important work of other researchers who have highlighted existing problems in the way child protection systems respond to domestic violence. Moreover, it treads new ground by approaching domestic violence as a heterogenous issue which requires nuanced and individual responses, with a particular focus on differentiating between coercive control and situational couple violence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creating tools for addressing child trauma in Canada: Caregiver online PsychoEducation (COPE)","authors":"Nicole Racine ,&nbsp;Cailey Hartwick ,&nbsp;Anh Ly ,&nbsp;Greta E. Jang ,&nbsp;Raela Thiemann ,&nbsp;Leslie Obol ,&nbsp;Jessica Switzer ,&nbsp;Ana Figueras ,&nbsp;Gina Dimitropoulos ,&nbsp;Sheri Madigan","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Childhood trauma refers to deeply distressing or profoundly overwhelming experiences, such as abuse or violence, that are associated with long-term health and mental health challenges. In the absence of psychological interventions and support, children exposed to trauma are at risk of post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental health difficulties. Most children and families face long waitlists for trauma treatment, despite evidence suggesting that addressing child trauma symptoms early is beneficial for their recovery. While families wait to receive treatment, there is a window of opportunity where resources could be provided to reduce the development of trauma symptoms and help families cope with the acute impacts of trauma exposure. To meet this need, clinicians and researchers partnered to launch Caregiver Online PsychoEducation (COPE; <span><span>www.copewithtrauma.org</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>) to provide caregivers with easily accessible, evidence-based information on how to understand and support their child's child trauma symptoms. From the perspective of clinicians and researchers, this paper describes the rationale and development of COPE, provides a brief overview of its contents, reviews plans for evaluation and implementation, and discusses its potential reach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence chatbots as sources for patient education material on child abuse","authors":"Lily Nguyen ,&nbsp;Viet Tran ,&nbsp;Joy Li ,&nbsp;Denise Baughn ,&nbsp;Joseph Shotwell ,&nbsp;Kimberly Gushanas ,&nbsp;Sayyeda Hasan ,&nbsp;Lisa Falls ,&nbsp;Rocksheng Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The World Health Organization defines <strong>c</strong>hildhood maltreatment as any form of abuse or neglect affecting children under 18 years of age that can cause actual or potential harm. Child abuse is a form of interpersonal trauma that can critically impact neurodevelopment and increase the risk of developing psychiatric disorders. With the increasing power and accessibility of artificial intelligence (AI) large language models, patients may turn to these platforms as sources of medical information. To date, no studies have evaluated the use of AI in creating patient education materials in childhood maltreatment and the field of psychiatry.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eight questions on child abuse from the National Child Traumatic Stress Network (NCTSN) were input into ChatGPT, Google Gemini, and Microsoft Copilot. A team of child psychiatrists and a pediatric psychologist reviewed and scored the responses by NCTSN and each AI, assessing quality, understandability, and actionability. Secondary outcomes included misinformation, readability, word count, and top references.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The analysis of 32 responses showed good quality (mean DISCERN score 51.7) and moderate understandability (mean PEMAT 76.5 %). However, actionability was poor (mean PEMAT 64 %). Responses averaged a tenth-grade reading level, with ChatGPT being more difficult to read than NCTSN. AI-generated responses were significantly longer (p &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Findings of this study suggest that AI chatbots may currently be able to provide accurate, quality information on child abuse comparable to authoritative sources, albeit of significantly greater length. However, all sources lack actionability and exceed recommended reading levels, which limits effectiveness. These constraints suggest that AI chatbots should supplement rather than replace primary medical information sources. Urgent efforts are needed to improve the accessibility, readability, and actionability of patient education materials generated by AI and standardized sources on topics like child abuse and neglect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143941765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood neglect, depression, and academic burnout in left-behind children in China: Understanding the roles of feelings of insecurity and self-esteem","authors":"Yongyong Xu ,&nbsp;Shanting Chen ,&nbsp;Yingying Ye ,&nbsp;Wen Wen ,&nbsp;Rui Zhen ,&nbsp;Xiao Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Childhood neglect correlates with increased levels of depression and academic burnout. However, the unique contribution and underlying mechanisms of physical and emotional neglect to depression and academic burnout among left-behind children in China remain unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study examined the underlying mechanisms of physical and emotional neglect on depression and academic burnout through feelings of insecurity and self-esteem in left-behind children in China.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div><em>and</em> Settings: Participants were 1597 Chinese left-behind children (<em>M</em>_age = 16.81; 50.5 % boys) from senior high schools in Anhui Province, China.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants completed a childhood trauma questionnaire, a security questionnaire, a Rosenberg self-esteem scale, a children depression scale, and a Maslach burnout inventory-human services survey in 2019. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Results showed that physical neglect was linked with depression and academic burnout through self-esteem. Emotional neglect was linked with depression and academic burnout through both feelings of insecurity and self-esteem.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our results highlighted the distinct negative influences of different types of child maltreatment and suggested potential interventions targeted at emotional and cognitive domains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143881736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foster youth perceptions of the system's impact on themselves and their families: A California photovoice project","authors":"Kate R. Watson ,&nbsp;Yesi Camacho Torres ,&nbsp;Amanda Joanne Solis ,&nbsp;Abigail Rubtsova Henderson ,&nbsp;Nancy Mogy ,&nbsp;Zoe Wright ,&nbsp;Angelica Sac Tzep ,&nbsp;Jacqueline Talavera","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Youth in foster care face unique challenges that can significantly impact their personal development and well-being. However, most research does not include them. Understanding their perceptions of their experiences is crucial for improving child welfare systems.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To explore the perspectives of young adults regarding their experiences with the child welfare system and its impact on their lives.</div></div><div><h3>Participants and setting</h3><div>Young adults with lived experience in the foster care system participated in a collaborative research project conducted over eight weeks in July and August 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A participatory action research approach using photovoice methodology was employed. Participants engaged in weekly group meetings, photography assignments, and guided discussions. They also learned how to engage in policy advocacy.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Participants reported challenges in forming cohesive identities, maintaining privacy, and navigating complex family relationships. Several experienced stigma and felt dehumanized by the system. However, most discussed hope and demonstrated post-traumatic growth, expressing a desire to use their experiences to help others.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study highlights the profound impact of foster care placement on youth identity, relationships, autonomy, and personal agency. Findings suggest a need for more personalized, youth-centered approaches in child welfare that respect individuality and privacy while providing necessary support. Most importantly, the research emphasizes the importance of listening to and learning from youth for system reform efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotional violence against children as documented in Finnish child welfare records","authors":"Virve Toivonen,&nbsp;Aino Kääriäinen","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Emotional violence is believed to be the most common form of violence against children, both internationally and in Finland. It often has multiple negative, long-lasting effects on the child. Nonetheless, professionals working with children do not always recognise emotional violence in their work.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This paper examines how emotional violence perpetrated by parents against their children emerges in Finnish child welfare records and how this violence is reflected in care order decisions.</div></div><div><h3>Participants and settings</h3><div>The research data consisted of the child welfare records and care orders for 30 children, in total 742 pages.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The data was analysed using abductive content analysis moving between the theory and data. In total, there were three rounds of analysis, each containing several data-reading rounds.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study findings demonstrated the presence, diversity, and cumulative nature of emotional violence. Emotional violence was recognisable in approximately half the cases in the data set. It included both active abuse and neglect, and individual children often experienced it in multiple forms. Most children in the data set displayed behaviour or symptoms that can be linked with the effects of emotional violence. As time went by, the violence gradually dissolved in the child welfare records.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Based on our study results, we conclude that child welfare professionals should pay more attention to the risk factors of emotional abuse, to children's participation, and to a child's behaviour and/or symptoms that may indicate emotional violence and detrimental living circumstances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating relationships and tensions: how professionals who treat substance use disorders view their role in preventing child abuse and neglect","authors":"Paulo Padilla-Petry,&nbsp;Nuria Fuentes-Peláez,&nbsp;Anna Fantova-Romero","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2025.100164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The potential negative effects of caregivers’ substance use disorders (SUDs) on their parenting are well documented, but the intervention of healthcare professionals treating these disorders in cases of child abuse and neglect (CAN) is constrained by ethical dilemmas and mistrust of child welfare services (CWS). Many studies have explored the synergies between SUD treatments and developing parenting skills, but few studies have explored these professionals' diverse perceptions and experiences – ranging from doubts and challenges to constructive ideas and practices that address parenting and treatment needs.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to explore healthcare professionals' perceptions and experiences regarding the tensions, obstacles, opportunities and good practices related to detecting potential CAN and promoting changes in their patients’ parenting.</div></div><div><h3>Participants and setting</h3><div>Twenty healthcare professionals from various services within the Catalan Drug Abuse Care Centre Network (Spain) participated in the study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two focus groups discussed the issues and good practices surrounding the detection and intervention in possible cases of CAN. The transcriptions underwent reflexive thematic analysis building 7 themes.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>The participants cited reasons for not intervening in their patients' parenting. They discussed the importance and fragility of the therapeutic bond, structural deficiencies in their services, and the challenges of working with CWS. They also described conditions and practices that help improve caregivers’ parenting such as restoring damaged bonds.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The full range of healthcare professionals' experiences and perceptions regarding their patients’ parenting and child welfare must be contemplated in programs aimed at integrating family support with the treatment of SUDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144084755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}