Chem & Bio Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Model-Guided Design and Solvent-Free Synthesis of Polysiloxanes with High Refractive Index and Low Viscosity","authors":"Donglin Zhong,&nbsp;Suyun Jie,&nbsp;Miao Du,&nbsp;Pengju Pan,&nbsp;Guorong Shan","doi":"10.1021/cbe.5c00138","DOIUrl":"10.1021/cbe.5c00138","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High refractive index polysiloxanes have been extensivelyappliedin the optoelectronic industry due to their excellent properties.Efficient synthetic methodologies coupled with predictive models ofthe structure–property relationship and effective strategiesto modulate their properties are essential in developing high-performancepolysiloxanes. In this study, polymethylphenylsiloxanes (PMPS) weresynthesized via bulk polymerization of commercial cyclosiloxane monomerswith systematic investigation into the effect of reaction conditionson refractive index (RI), viscosity, and molecular weight. Quantitativemodels on the molecular weight dependence of viscosity were established,revealing that PMPS with high RI inevitably exhibit high viscosity,causing challenges in processing and transportation. Guided by themodels, the synthesis was optimized to successfully produce PMPS achievingboth high RI (1.562 at 25 °C) and low viscosity (250 mPa·sat 25 °C). The optimized PMPS demonstrated excellent overallperformance, including high optical transparency, superior surfacewettability, relatively low thermo-optic coefficient, and thermalstability. This study provides a systematic methodology and designguidelines for polysiloxane development.</p>","PeriodicalId":100230,"journal":{"name":"Chem & Bio Engineering","volume":"3 2","pages":"331–339"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147350227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Generated NO/ROS Nanoreactor Drives Bacterial Clearance and Angiogenesis in Diabetic Wounds","authors":"Yuehan Cui,&nbsp;Fupeng Li,&nbsp;Yun Du,&nbsp;Xinchen Zhu,&nbsp;Sigen A,&nbsp;Lian Cen,&nbsp;Kai Huang,&nbsp;Ling Zhao,&nbsp;Shengbing Yang,&nbsp;Zhenhao Xi","doi":"10.1021/cbe.5c00148","DOIUrl":"10.1021/cbe.5c00148","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Diabetic wound healing represents a highly prevalentand economicallyburdensome complication of diabetes mellitus. The healing is hamperedby two pathophysiological barriers: persistent bacterial biofilmsand impaired angiogenesis. While reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediatedstrategies are promising, their efficacy is limited by exogenous H₂O₂ dependency and rapid oxidant decomposition.In this study, we engineer a multifunctional nanoplatform (SNP/ZnO₂@lipo), which synergizes potent antibacterial ability andangiogenesis capacity. Its architecture features polyvinylpyrrolidone-modifiedzinc peroxide (ZnO₂) cores with sodium nitroprusside (SNP)adsorbed on their surface, which are further enveloped within cationicphospholipid bilayers. In infected, mildly acidic microenvironments,bacterial phospholipases and membrane instability destabilize thelipid shell, thereby exposing the SNP/ZnO₂ core. The exposedZnO₂ and SNP then generate H₂O₂,Zn²⁺, Fe²⁺, and NO <em>in situ</em>.The orchestrated ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) cascade achievessynergistic bactericidal efficacy through dual mechanisms: Fe²⁺-mediated Fenton reactions and NO-derived ·NO formation.The continuous <em>in situ</em> production of oxidants overcomesthe need for exogenous H₂O₂. <em>In vitro</em>, the platform shows high biocompatibility, a strong antibacterialcapacity, and remarkable angiogenic potential. In diabetic murinewound models, SNP/ZnO₂@lipo accelerates wound healing throughconcurrent clearing of infection and promoting neovascularization.These data identify SNP/ZnO₂@lipo as an intelligent woundmicroenvironment-responsive nanoplatform that couples microbial eradicationwith vascular regeneration, offering a promising strategy for treatinginfected diabetic wounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":100230,"journal":{"name":"Chem & Bio Engineering","volume":"3 2","pages":"340–350"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147350213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Insights into the Activation of a Fungal Copper Radical Oxidase by Peroxidases","authors":"Radka Končitíková,&nbsp;Anna M. Diaz-Rovira,&nbsp;Mireille Haon,&nbsp;Jean-Guy Berrin,&nbsp;Bastien Bissaro,&nbsp;Victor Guallar,&nbsp;Mickael Lafond","doi":"10.1021/cbe.5c00060","DOIUrl":"10.1021/cbe.5c00060","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Copper radical oxidases (CROs) aremonocopper enzymesthat catalyzeprimary alcohol oxidation, making them valuable for industrial applications.Their activation requires an initial oxidation step, typically mediatedby peroxidases, chemical oxidants, or electrochemical methods. Thehorseradish peroxidase (HRP) is empirically used for CRO activation.We recently identified the natural peroxidase partner of CROs in thefungal plant pathogen <em>Colletotrichum orbiculare</em>. However, the molecular interactions and electron transfer mechanismsbetween CROs and their peroxidase partners have not yet been elucidatedyet. We investigated the molecular interaction between the model CRO(<em>Cor</em>AlcOx) and its natural peroxidase partner (<em>Cor</em>PerOx) or HRP, hypothesizing that specific surface residuesaffect interaction strength and activation efficiency. Monte Carlosimulations allowed the identification of key interaction sites, includingthree residues in <em>Cor</em>PerOx and a helix–loop–helix(HLH) motif in HRP. Mutagenesis studies confirmed that disruptingthese sites impairs protein complex formation and CRO activation.Notably, while computational analysis indicated that the Δ_<em>HLH</em>HRP variant displayed stronger bindingto <em>Cor</em>AlcOx, experimental data revealed a reducedactivation capacity, highlighting the critical importance of the preciseorientation of residues involved in electron transfer. Unexpectedly,we found that peroxidase activity alone is not crucial for CRO activationas the <em>Cor</em>PerOx or HRP variants retained peroxidaseactivity despite minimal activation capacity. Using Monte Carlo simulations,we propose an electron transfer pathway between CROs and their naturalperoxidase partner. This study elucidates the structural interactionsand key residue orientations on the peroxidase side (<em>Cor</em>PerOx), essential for CRO activation, with residues from both sidesinvolved in protein complex formation and electron transfer. Thesefindings deepen our understanding of CRO activation mechanisms andopen avenues for designing alternative activators and targeted inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":100230,"journal":{"name":"Chem & Bio Engineering","volume":"3 2","pages":"199–209"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147350182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient Coextraction of U(VI), Np(V), and Pu(IV) Using Tetradentate N‑Heterocyclic Amide-Triazine Extractants","authors":"Xiaofan Yang,&nbsp;Yufeng Wang,&nbsp;Dong Fang,&nbsp;Shihui Wang,&nbsp;Zhiming Li,&nbsp;Anyun Zhang,&nbsp;Chengliang Xiao","doi":"10.1021/cbe.5c00086","DOIUrl":"10.1021/cbe.5c00086","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The spent nuclear fuel contains significant amounts ofactinidesin various oxidation states and trivalent lanthanides with strongradioactivity. The development of extractants with strong affinityfor different actinides is conducive to improving the economy of nuclearfuels and reducing radioactive hazards. The unsymmetrical N-heterocyclic-derivedtetradentate extractants, Et-Tol-CyMe₄-ATBP (<strong>L</strong>_{<strong>I</strong>}) and Et-Tol-CyMe₄-ATPhen (<strong>L</strong>_{<strong>II</strong>}), contain N,O-hybrid donor atomsand large-sized coordination cavities, which may have a stronger affinityfor actinides than lanthanides. In this work, U­(VI), Np­(V), and Pu­(IV)were selected to explore the selective extraction potential of high-valentactinides over Ln­(III). The results indicated that both <strong>L</strong>_{<strong>I</strong>} and <strong>L</strong>_{<strong>II</strong>} exhibit stronger extraction capacity for U­(VI), Np­(V), and Pu­(IV)than Ln­(III) (3 M HNO₃, <em>D</em>_{U(VI) and Pu(IV)} &gt; 40 and <em>D</em>_Np(V) &gt; 200, <em>SF</em>_{U(VI) and Pu(IV)/Ln(III)} &gt; 400and <em>SF</em>_{Np(V)/Ln(III)} &gt; 2000). The introductionof the phenanthrolineskeleton in <strong>L</strong>_{<strong>II</strong>} significantlyenhances the extraction and separation ability for actinides overlanthanides under highly acidic conditions. Continuous three-stagestripping showed that U­(VI), Np­(V), and Pu­(IV) could be completelystripped by 0.1 M HCl+HF (<em>S</em>_U(VI) = 99.80%, <em>S</em>_Np(V) = 100.35%, and <em>S</em>_Pu(IV) = 100.95%). The slope analysis indicated that <strong>L</strong>_{<strong>I</strong>} and <strong>L</strong>_{<strong>II</strong>} mainly formed complexes with a stoichiometric ratio of 1:1with U­(VI) and Np­(IV), and they formed complexes with a stoichiometricratio of 1:1 and 1:2 with Pu­(IV). The structural and coordinationproperties of the complexes formed between the two extractants andU­(VI) or Th­(IV) (substituted for Pu­(IV)) were qualitatively and quantitativelystudied using NMR titration, ESI-MS, UV–vis titration, ITCtitration, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (log β_U(VI) = 6.26 ± 0.01, log β_Th(IV) = 5.81 ± 0.02and 10.67 ± 0.09). Overall, <strong>L</strong>_{<strong>I</strong>} and <strong>L</strong>_{<strong>II</strong>} demonstrate excellentseparation ability for U­(VI), Np­(V), and Pu­(IV) over Ln­(III) and highlighttheir potential for the grouped actinide extraction process.</p>","PeriodicalId":100230,"journal":{"name":"Chem & Bio Engineering","volume":"3 2","pages":"255–267"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147350036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual Assessment of Methane Hydrate Dissociation Using a Multi-Rocking Cell: Roles of Surfactants, KHIs, and AAs in Water-Rich Systems","authors":"Sanehiro Muromachi,&nbsp;Michihiro Muraoka,&nbsp;Satoshi Takeya,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Konno,&nbsp;Kiyofumi Suzuki,&nbsp;Norio Tenma","doi":"10.1021/cbe.5c00067","DOIUrl":"10.1021/cbe.5c00067","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study uses a new multi-rocking cell system for visual,parallelassessment of methane hydrate (MH) dissociation. The method allowsfor systematic comparison of various fluidizers<span></span>composed ofthermodynamic hydrate inhibitors like urea and additives includingsurfactants, kinetic hydrate inhibitors, and antiagglomerants<span></span>undercontrolled, water-rich conditions. Our findings show that surfactants,such as SDS, SO, and DDBSA, accelerate dissociation but cause MH migrationand persistent foaming. In contrast, DTMAC and saponin effectivelypromote dissociation while suppressing foam and MH migration. Combinationfluidizers (e.g., SDS + PVP, SDS + Tween 80) further fine-tuned theperformance, demonstrating additive-specific effects such as foamsuppression or accelerated dissociation. This work provides insightsfor designing effective fluidizers for hydrate management in subseaproduction environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":100230,"journal":{"name":"Chem & Bio Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"28–36"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146069520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Situ Incorporation of Macromolecules in Zr-MOF Membranes for Separation of Organic Azeotropic Mixtures","authors":"Lianhao Li,&nbsp;Binyu Mo,&nbsp;Renjie Miao,&nbsp;Wenqi Ji,&nbsp;Haonan Yang,&nbsp;Guozhen Liu,&nbsp;Gongping Liu,&nbsp;Wanqin Jin","doi":"10.1021/cbe.5c00112","DOIUrl":"10.1021/cbe.5c00112","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Metal–organicframework (MOF) membranes with adjustableangstrom-scale channels and versatile topological structures are promisingfor molecular separation. However, it remains a challenge to constructMOF membranes with precisely tuned pore sizes and tailored molecularaffinity for achieving high-efficiency liquid molecular separation,particularly for organic azeotropic mixtures. Herein, we proposedan in situ macromolecule incorporation strategy to fabricate a Zr-MOFmembrane with a tunable pore microenvironment for pervaporation separationof butanol–water and ethanol–ethyl acetate azeotropicmixtures. The membranes were prepared by an in situ interfacial growthprocess. The amino macromolecules (poly­(ether imide), PEI) were dispersedinto a metal cluster solution, followed by coordination with ligandson the substrate surface for membrane synthesis, wherein the macromoleculewas in situ incorporated within MOF pore apertures. The incorporatedmacromolecule narrowed the membrane pore size and provided molecularlyaccelerated transport sites, thus facilitating the fast and selectivetransport of water or ethanol molecules. When incorporating PEI (<em>M</em>_W = 10,000 g·mol^–1) ata content of 1 wt %, the resulting MOF membrane displayed excellentseparation performances with a total flux of 2.22 kg·m^–2·h^–1 and a separation factor of 140 for theethanol–ethyl acetate system, and a total flux of 8.52 kg·m^–2·h^–1 and a separation factorof 1620 for the butanol–water system, outperforming the performanceof state-of-the-art membranes. The proposed macromolecule-incorporatedangstrom-sized channels demonstrate considerable potential for broadapplication in other fields, e.g., single-atom catalysis, sensing,and energy conversion.</p>","PeriodicalId":100230,"journal":{"name":"Chem & Bio Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"1–9"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146069472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photothermally Enhanced Electrocatalytic Water Splitting for Hydrogen Production","authors":"Zeyu He,&nbsp;Junchao Huang,&nbsp;Dong Wei,&nbsp;Huibing He,&nbsp;Boran Wang,&nbsp;Jing Xu","doi":"10.1021/cbe.5c00075","DOIUrl":"10.1021/cbe.5c00075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hydrogen energy is a promising solutionto global energy and environmentalchallenges. Water electrolysis is a green technology for hydrogenproduction, but its efficiency is limited by the electrocatalyticperformance of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygenevolution reaction (OER). Elevating the temperature of the electrolysissystem is effective in accelerating the electrocatalytic efficiency.However, conventional heating methods often increase the system complexityand energy consumption. The photothermal effect, where a substancegenerates heat upon light absorption, enables localized heating, improvesenergy utilization, and offers a promising strategy to enhance electrolyzerperformance. Here, recent advances in photothermally enhanced electrocatalyticwater splitting for hydrogen production are comprehensively reviewed.We elucidate the mechanisms of electrocatalytic water splitting andphotothermal effects, with particular emphasis on the multiscale mechanismsof photoenhanced electrocatalysis that integrate nanoscale localizedheating, hot-carrier generation, interfacial restructuring, and system-levelmodulation to collectively accelerate the HER and OER. We have systematicallyintroduced recent advances in the design of photothermally enhancedelectrocatalysts, specifically in the HER, OER, and various anodealternative reactions. This review also introduces representativedesigns of photothermally enhanced electrolyzers. By conducting acomparative economic analysis of various electrolyzers, this reviewdemonstrates the significant economic benefits of photothermally enhancedwater electrolysis for hydrogen production. We also provide a perspectiveon the future research direction of photothermally enhanced electrocatalytichydrogen production. This review will inspire future endeavors towardrealizing highly efficient, energy-saving, and cost-effective hydrogenproduction systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":100230,"journal":{"name":"Chem & Bio Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"49–84"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146069437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic Engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the Efficient Production of Human Milk Oligosaccharide, Lacto‑N‑neotetraose (LNnT)","authors":"Nitesh Kumar Mund,&nbsp;Jialun Gao,&nbsp;Bo Sun,&nbsp;Muqiang Wang,&nbsp;Lirong Yang,&nbsp;Jianping Wu,&nbsp;Hao Fang,&nbsp;Haoran Yu","doi":"10.1021/cbe.5c00070","DOIUrl":"10.1021/cbe.5c00070","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lacto-<em>N</em>-neotetraose (LNnT) is one ofthe importantingredients of human milk oligosaccharides, with various promisinghealth effects for infants. In this study, the biosynthetic pathwayof LNnT was constituted in GRAS (generally recognized as safe) host <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> by coexpressing β1,3-<em>N</em>-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (LgtA), β1,4-galactosyltransferase(LgtB), lactose permease (Lac12), and UDP galactose 4-epimerase (Gal10).The engineered yeast strain designated LN1, coexpressing all theseenzymes, achieved an LNnT production level of 1.54 g/L. To furtherenhance LNnT yield, the flux through the pathway was improved by employingboth protein fusion and modular assembly strategies. The assemblyof LgtA and LgtB using short peptide tags resulted in a significantincrease in LNnT titers, reaching 2.42 g/L. Finally, the LNnT titerreached 6.25 g/L under fed-batch fermentation conditions in a 500mL flask, representing the highest reported production level of LNnTin <em>S. cerevisiae</em> to date.</p>","PeriodicalId":100230,"journal":{"name":"Chem & Bio Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"19–27"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146069492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coarse-Grained Modeling and Simulation of Multistranded RNA Nanostars","authors":"Pradnya R. Kadam,&nbsp;Justine Lim,&nbsp;Mahdi Dizani,&nbsp;Jaimie Marie Stewart","doi":"10.1021/cbe.5c00093","DOIUrl":"10.1021/cbe.5c00093","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Biomolecular condensates are dynamic,membraneless compartmentsthat emerge through phase separation of specific proteins and nucleicacids, regulating key biochemical processes within cells. Inspiredby these natural systems, we recently developed a modular platformfor engineering synthetic ribonucleic acid (RNA) condensates usinga multistranded branched RNA motif, termed a nanostar. Here, we employcoarse-grained modeling and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations usingthe oxRNA2 platform to quantify conformational dynamics of 3-, 4-,and 5-arm nanostars. We define flexibility as the standard deviationof interarm angle distributions and geometry as the mean interarmangle. Across valencies at 37 °C and 0.15 M monovalent salts(NaCl), increasing the arm number reduces the mean angle as expectedfrom geometry, while the dispersion of interarm angles remains comparable,indicating similar flexibility. Salt increases the mean angle in 4-and 5-arm nanostars and increases the temperature dependence of interarmangles. In contrast, the 3-arm nanostar is largely unaffected by saltand temperature over the studied ranges. Lastly, at 1.0 M salt and37 °C, DNA nanostars adopt larger mean angles compared to RNAnanostars across all valencies, suggesting that backbone chemistryshifts preferred geometry more than it broadens fluctuations. Theseresults illuminate how valency, salt, and temperature differentiallycontrol geometry versus flexibility, informing the design of syntheticRNA nanostars and thus condensates with predictable material responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":100230,"journal":{"name":"Chem & Bio Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"37–48"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146069429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D/4D Printing","authors":"Tao Xie","doi":"10.1021/cbe.5c00152","DOIUrl":"10.1021/cbe.5c00152","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100230,"journal":{"name":"Chem & Bio Engineering","volume":"3 1","pages":"85–86"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146069462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}