{"title":"Analysis and Reduction of Cogging Torque of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Wind Generators Based on the Magnetic Field Modulation Mechanism","authors":"Zexing Li;Chao Liu;Yiwen Fan;Zixuan Zhang;Jiakuan Xia","doi":"10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00040","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a magnetic field modulation model considering the influence of phase angles is established for the analysis and weakening of the cogging torque of the permanent magnet synchronous wind generations. Compared with the existing analytical model, the modulation effect of the magnetic field harmonics and phase angle on the cogging torque components is analyzed in the new model. Firstly, flux density model with phase angle characteristics is derived, and the relationship of the cogging torque and magnetic field harmonic is analyzed using energy method. Then, based on the magnetic modulation mechanism, the impact of the phase angle and magnetic field harmonics on the coupling relationship among cogging torque components is analyzed. All cogging torque components are classified as a combination of multiple positive and negative harmonic components, and the contribution characteristics of the components are determined by the harmonic combination and phase angle characteristics. Based on the finite element model (FEM), the magnetic field modulation model of the cogging torque is proved. On the basis of the conclusions obtained, it is further explained that the suppression mechanism of rotor-step skewing is a mutual complementary effect of the positive components and negative cogging components, and the main harmonic is effectively offset by selecting the seasonable of segment number and skewed angle of rotor. Finally, in order to verify the validity of the analysis method, the no-load line back EMF and cogging torque of optimized prototype is tested, and the experimental results agree well with the FEM results.","PeriodicalId":100229,"journal":{"name":"CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems","volume":"8 4","pages":"463-470"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10770096","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ye Zhang;Zixin Li;Fanqiang Gao;Jinhao Zhang;Cong Zhao;Yaohua Li
{"title":"Coordinated Control of Second-Order Harmonic Voltage and Current Fluctuations in Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter with Supercapacitor and DC-DC Stage at Variable Output Frequencies","authors":"Ye Zhang;Zixin Li;Fanqiang Gao;Jinhao Zhang;Cong Zhao;Yaohua Li","doi":"10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00038","url":null,"abstract":"In the cascaded H-bridge inverter (CHBI) with supercapacitor and dc-dc stage, inherent second-order harmonic power flows through each submodule (SM), causing fluctuations in both the dc-link voltage and the dc-dc current. There exist limitations in handling these fluctuations at variable output frequencies when employing proportional-integral (PI) control to the dc-dc stage. This paper aims to coordinately control these second-order harmonic voltage and current fluctuations in the CHBI. The presented method configures a specific second-order harmonic voltage reference, equipped with a maximum voltage fluctuation constraint and a suitable phase, for the dc-dc stage. A PI-resonant controller is used to track the configured reference. This allows for regulating the second-order harmonic fluctuation in the average dc-link voltage among the SMs within a certain value. Importantly, the second-order harmonic fluctuation in the dc-dc current can also be reduced. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented method.","PeriodicalId":100229,"journal":{"name":"CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems","volume":"8 4","pages":"481-492"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10770095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Novel Discrete Branch Bidirectional Solid-State Circuit Breaker Based on Mixture Device","authors":"Qingpeng Zeng;Jin Zhu;Songming He;Daoqi Wang;Tongzhen Wei","doi":"10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00042","url":null,"abstract":"Solid state circuit breakers (SSCBs) based on full-controlled devices such as IGBT and based on half-controlled devices such as thyristor have their respective advantages. The mixture device solid state circuit breaker (M-SSCB) combines the advantages together and can achieve lower loss, high efficiency, active and reliable blocking at the same time. However, the conduction loss will increase significantly when the topology expanding to a bidirectional topology because the bidirectional line commutation switch (LCS) structure composed of two groups of IGBTs in reverse series. In this paper, a novel discrete branch mixture SSCB (DBM-SSCB) is proposed, bidirectional current only flows through one IGBT that has the obvious conduction losses advantage at the same voltage and current level. Only one energy-absorbing component is shared by two discrete branches can guarantee optimal costs and volume. By calculation, the proposed DBM-SSCB can reduce the conduction loss about 30.4% in 10 kV MVDC system, while retaining other advantages of the mixture device SSCB, such as without introducing additional thyristors, charging power supply and the ability to actively interrupt bidirectional fault currents. The blocking principles and designing guidelines are presented in detail, the feasibility is verified by 500 V-18 A simulation results and scale-down experiment, the engineering calculation and simulation of 10 kV-1 kA prototype is completed and compared with other DCCBs. Experimental results and comparative analysis show that the proposed DBM-SSCB has both lower losses and significant performance advantages thus has a good engineering application prospect.","PeriodicalId":100229,"journal":{"name":"CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems","volume":"8 4","pages":"493-503"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10770091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nonlinearity Estimation and Compensation for Accurate PMSM Modeling and Voltage Prediction","authors":"Beichen Ding;Yuting Lu;Chunyan Lai;Weiwen Peng;Kaide Huang;Guodong Feng","doi":"10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00034","url":null,"abstract":"For permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM), the machine model is critical to predict the operating states for motor control, which, however, can be greatly affected by system nonlinearities. Hence, this paper investigates accurate machine modeling for control and parameter estimation. In the proposed approach, the PMSM model with saturated inductances is used as the base model, and this paper investigates modeling and compensation of the offsets to the base model due to system nonlinearities such as saturation and core loss effects for accurate machine modeling and voltage prediction. Specifically, the offsets to the base model are modeled using nonlinear functions with variable coefficients to compensate saturation and core loss effect, which can achieve better accuracy without changing the model structure. A differential estimation model is derived to estimate the model coefficients from a small amount of measurements with simplified procedure. Moreover, the model offset calculation is both computation and memory efficient with simplified implementation. The contribution is to improve the machine model accuracy and achieve precise voltage prediction for practical applications. Experiments, comparisons and the application to temperature estimation are conducted on a test interior PMSM to validate the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":100229,"journal":{"name":"CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems","volume":"8 4","pages":"394-403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10705034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A VSFPWM Strategy for High Frequency Torque Ripple Control of PMSM Based on Stator Flux Ripple Prediction","authors":"Jinyang Han;Hepeng Su;Weichao Li;Hao Yuan","doi":"10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00035","url":null,"abstract":"Vector-controlled AC motor drives utilize pulse width modulation (PWM) to synthesize the desired output voltage of the voltage source inverter (VSI). In space vector PWM (SVPWM) techniques, the average realization of the space vector applying the volt-sec balance principle results in an instantaneous error voltage that generates high frequency torque ripple. It may lead to an increase in motor vibration and acoustic noise. This article presents a high frequency torque ripple prediction model based on stator flux ripple and proposes a targeted designed variable switching frequency PWM (VSFPWM) strategy to diminish high frequency torque ripple. The switching frequency is dynamically adjusted according to the peak value of the predicted stator flux ripple to mitigate high frequency torque ripple. In contrast to existing strategies, the strategy outlined in this article directly suppresses high frequency torque ripple, thus remaining unaffected by inaccurate motor parameters. Additionally, due to the introduction of the power factor angle, the proposed strategy can better adapt to the full speed range operating conditions of the motor. Detailed simulations and experiments are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.","PeriodicalId":100229,"journal":{"name":"CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems","volume":"8 4","pages":"414-425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10705031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ji Pang;Feihang Zhou;Jianwei Yang;Weiyi Zhang;Youming Wang;Weiguo Liu;Ningfei Jiao
{"title":"Online Field Current Estimation for Brushless Synchronous Starter/Generator Considering the Rectifier Commutation Mode","authors":"Ji Pang;Feihang Zhou;Jianwei Yang;Weiyi Zhang;Youming Wang;Weiguo Liu;Ningfei Jiao","doi":"10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00036","url":null,"abstract":"The information of the field current is essential for the brushless synchronous starter/generator system, which determines the performance and health status of this system. However, since the field winding of the main machine is installed in the rotor part, the measurement of the field current in this brushless system seem impossible. Considering that, the field current might be affected by the rectifier mode, the field current estimation method in different rectifier mode is studied in this paper. The main exciter (ME) rotor currents were restructured based on the ME flux equations. With these restructured rotor currents, the field current in different rectifier commutation mode is analyzed, then the field current estimation method considering the rectifier mode can be obtained. The experiments in different rectifier modes are carried out to verify the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":100229,"journal":{"name":"CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems","volume":"8 4","pages":"455-462"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10705036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Field Weakening Control Strategies of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors","authors":"Runze Jing;Gaolin Wang;Guoqiang Zhang;Dianguo Xu","doi":"10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00043","url":null,"abstract":"Due to high power density, high efficiency, and accurate control performance, permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) have been widely adopted in equipment manufacturing and energy transformation fields. To expand the speed range under finite DC-bus voltage, extensive research on field weakening (FW) control strategies has been conducted. This paper summarizes the major FW control strategies of PMSMs, which are categorized into calculation-based methods, voltage closed-loop control methods, and model predictive control related methods. The existing strategies are analyzed and compared according to performance, robustness, and execution difficulty, which can facilitate the implementation of FW control.","PeriodicalId":100229,"journal":{"name":"CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems","volume":"8 3","pages":"319-331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10702450","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142368296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Puqi Ning;Xiaoshuang Hui;Dongrun Li;Yuhui Kang;Jiajun Yang;Chaohui Liu
{"title":"Review of Thermal Design of SiC Power Module for Motor Drive in Electrical Vehicle Application","authors":"Puqi Ning;Xiaoshuang Hui;Dongrun Li;Yuhui Kang;Jiajun Yang;Chaohui Liu","doi":"10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00041","url":null,"abstract":"In the current vehicle electric propulsion systems, the thermal design of power modules heavily relies on empirical knowledge, making it challenging to effectively optimize irregularly arranged Pinfin structures, thereby limiting their performance. This paper aims to review the underlying mechanisms of how irregularly arranged Pinfins influence the thermal characteristics of power modules and introduce collaborative thermal design with DC bus capacitor and motor. Literature considers chip size, placement, coolant flow direction with the goal of reducing thermal resistance of power modules, minimizing chip junction temperature differentials, and optimizing Pinfin layouts. In the first step, algorithms should efficiently generating numerous unique irregular Pinfin layouts to enhance optimization quality. The second step is to efficiently evaluate Pinfin layouts. Simulation accuracy and speed should be ensured to improve computational efficiency. Finally, to improve overall heat dissipation effectiveness, papers establish models for capacitors, motors, to aid collaborative Pinfin optimization. These research outcomes will provide essential support for future developments in high power density motor drive for vehicles.","PeriodicalId":100229,"journal":{"name":"CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems","volume":"8 3","pages":"332-346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10702522","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142368475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Model-Free Speed Control of Single-Phase Flux Switching Motor with an Asymmetrical Rotor","authors":"Zongsheng Zhang;Congcong Guo","doi":"10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00039","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes and implements a model-free open-loop iterative learning control (ILC) strategy to realize the speed control of the single-phase flux switching motor (FSM) with an asymmetrical rotor. Base on the proposed winding control method, the asymmetrical rotor enables the motor to generate continuous positive torque for positive rotation, and relatively small resistance torque for negative rotation. An initial iteration coefficient and variable iteration coefficient optimized scheme was proposed based on the characteristics of the hardware circuit, thereby forming the model-free strategy. A series of prototype experiments was carried out. Experimental results verify the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed ILC strategy.","PeriodicalId":100229,"journal":{"name":"CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems","volume":"8 3","pages":"255-263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10702520","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142368478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Message from Editors","authors":"","doi":"10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.10052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.10052","url":null,"abstract":"As the world embarks on a path toward electrification and strives to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions, the role of electrical machines becomes increasingly vital across various applications. The urgent need for decarbonization and improved energy efficiency has directed attention to rare-earth-free electrical machines as a promising solution. These technologies offer a sustainable alternative to permanent magnet-based machines, which rely heavily on rare earth materials like neodymium and dysprosium. The extraction and processing of these materials result in hazardous by-products that cause significant ecological harm, particularly near mining sites and refineries.","PeriodicalId":100229,"journal":{"name":"CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems","volume":"8 3","pages":"241-244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10702526","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142368479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}