{"title":"Nonlinearity Estimation and Compensation for Accurate PMSM Modeling and Voltage Prediction","authors":"Beichen Ding;Yuting Lu;Chunyan Lai;Weiwen Peng;Kaide Huang;Guodong Feng","doi":"10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00034","url":null,"abstract":"For permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM), the machine model is critical to predict the operating states for motor control, which, however, can be greatly affected by system nonlinearities. Hence, this paper investigates accurate machine modeling for control and parameter estimation. In the proposed approach, the PMSM model with saturated inductances is used as the base model, and this paper investigates modeling and compensation of the offsets to the base model due to system nonlinearities such as saturation and core loss effects for accurate machine modeling and voltage prediction. Specifically, the offsets to the base model are modeled using nonlinear functions with variable coefficients to compensate saturation and core loss effect, which can achieve better accuracy without changing the model structure. A differential estimation model is derived to estimate the model coefficients from a small amount of measurements with simplified procedure. Moreover, the model offset calculation is both computation and memory efficient with simplified implementation. The contribution is to improve the machine model accuracy and achieve precise voltage prediction for practical applications. Experiments, comparisons and the application to temperature estimation are conducted on a test interior PMSM to validate the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":100229,"journal":{"name":"CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems","volume":"8 4","pages":"394-403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10705034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A VSFPWM Strategy for High Frequency Torque Ripple Control of PMSM Based on Stator Flux Ripple Prediction","authors":"Jinyang Han;Hepeng Su;Weichao Li;Hao Yuan","doi":"10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00035","url":null,"abstract":"Vector-controlled AC motor drives utilize pulse width modulation (PWM) to synthesize the desired output voltage of the voltage source inverter (VSI). In space vector PWM (SVPWM) techniques, the average realization of the space vector applying the volt-sec balance principle results in an instantaneous error voltage that generates high frequency torque ripple. It may lead to an increase in motor vibration and acoustic noise. This article presents a high frequency torque ripple prediction model based on stator flux ripple and proposes a targeted designed variable switching frequency PWM (VSFPWM) strategy to diminish high frequency torque ripple. The switching frequency is dynamically adjusted according to the peak value of the predicted stator flux ripple to mitigate high frequency torque ripple. In contrast to existing strategies, the strategy outlined in this article directly suppresses high frequency torque ripple, thus remaining unaffected by inaccurate motor parameters. Additionally, due to the introduction of the power factor angle, the proposed strategy can better adapt to the full speed range operating conditions of the motor. Detailed simulations and experiments are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.","PeriodicalId":100229,"journal":{"name":"CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems","volume":"8 4","pages":"414-425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10705031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ji Pang;Feihang Zhou;Jianwei Yang;Weiyi Zhang;Youming Wang;Weiguo Liu;Ningfei Jiao
{"title":"Online Field Current Estimation for Brushless Synchronous Starter/Generator Considering the Rectifier Commutation Mode","authors":"Ji Pang;Feihang Zhou;Jianwei Yang;Weiyi Zhang;Youming Wang;Weiguo Liu;Ningfei Jiao","doi":"10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00036","url":null,"abstract":"The information of the field current is essential for the brushless synchronous starter/generator system, which determines the performance and health status of this system. However, since the field winding of the main machine is installed in the rotor part, the measurement of the field current in this brushless system seem impossible. Considering that, the field current might be affected by the rectifier mode, the field current estimation method in different rectifier mode is studied in this paper. The main exciter (ME) rotor currents were restructured based on the ME flux equations. With these restructured rotor currents, the field current in different rectifier commutation mode is analyzed, then the field current estimation method considering the rectifier mode can be obtained. The experiments in different rectifier modes are carried out to verify the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":100229,"journal":{"name":"CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems","volume":"8 4","pages":"455-462"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10705036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Field Weakening Control Strategies of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors","authors":"Runze Jing;Gaolin Wang;Guoqiang Zhang;Dianguo Xu","doi":"10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00043","url":null,"abstract":"Due to high power density, high efficiency, and accurate control performance, permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) have been widely adopted in equipment manufacturing and energy transformation fields. To expand the speed range under finite DC-bus voltage, extensive research on field weakening (FW) control strategies has been conducted. This paper summarizes the major FW control strategies of PMSMs, which are categorized into calculation-based methods, voltage closed-loop control methods, and model predictive control related methods. The existing strategies are analyzed and compared according to performance, robustness, and execution difficulty, which can facilitate the implementation of FW control.","PeriodicalId":100229,"journal":{"name":"CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems","volume":"8 3","pages":"319-331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10702450","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142368296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Puqi Ning;Xiaoshuang Hui;Dongrun Li;Yuhui Kang;Jiajun Yang;Chaohui Liu
{"title":"Review of Thermal Design of SiC Power Module for Motor Drive in Electrical Vehicle Application","authors":"Puqi Ning;Xiaoshuang Hui;Dongrun Li;Yuhui Kang;Jiajun Yang;Chaohui Liu","doi":"10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00041","url":null,"abstract":"In the current vehicle electric propulsion systems, the thermal design of power modules heavily relies on empirical knowledge, making it challenging to effectively optimize irregularly arranged Pinfin structures, thereby limiting their performance. This paper aims to review the underlying mechanisms of how irregularly arranged Pinfins influence the thermal characteristics of power modules and introduce collaborative thermal design with DC bus capacitor and motor. Literature considers chip size, placement, coolant flow direction with the goal of reducing thermal resistance of power modules, minimizing chip junction temperature differentials, and optimizing Pinfin layouts. In the first step, algorithms should efficiently generating numerous unique irregular Pinfin layouts to enhance optimization quality. The second step is to efficiently evaluate Pinfin layouts. Simulation accuracy and speed should be ensured to improve computational efficiency. Finally, to improve overall heat dissipation effectiveness, papers establish models for capacitors, motors, to aid collaborative Pinfin optimization. These research outcomes will provide essential support for future developments in high power density motor drive for vehicles.","PeriodicalId":100229,"journal":{"name":"CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems","volume":"8 3","pages":"332-346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10702522","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142368475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Model-Free Speed Control of Single-Phase Flux Switching Motor with an Asymmetrical Rotor","authors":"Zongsheng Zhang;Congcong Guo","doi":"10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00039","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes and implements a model-free open-loop iterative learning control (ILC) strategy to realize the speed control of the single-phase flux switching motor (FSM) with an asymmetrical rotor. Base on the proposed winding control method, the asymmetrical rotor enables the motor to generate continuous positive torque for positive rotation, and relatively small resistance torque for negative rotation. An initial iteration coefficient and variable iteration coefficient optimized scheme was proposed based on the characteristics of the hardware circuit, thereby forming the model-free strategy. A series of prototype experiments was carried out. Experimental results verify the effectiveness and practicability of the proposed ILC strategy.","PeriodicalId":100229,"journal":{"name":"CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems","volume":"8 3","pages":"255-263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10702520","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142368478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Message from Editors","authors":"","doi":"10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.10052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.10052","url":null,"abstract":"As the world embarks on a path toward electrification and strives to achieve net-zero greenhouse gas emissions, the role of electrical machines becomes increasingly vital across various applications. The urgent need for decarbonization and improved energy efficiency has directed attention to rare-earth-free electrical machines as a promising solution. These technologies offer a sustainable alternative to permanent magnet-based machines, which rely heavily on rare earth materials like neodymium and dysprosium. The extraction and processing of these materials result in hazardous by-products that cause significant ecological harm, particularly near mining sites and refineries.","PeriodicalId":100229,"journal":{"name":"CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems","volume":"8 3","pages":"241-244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10702526","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142368479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nkosinathi S. Khumalo;Ntombizotwa P. Memane;Udochukwu B. Akuru
{"title":"Performance and Safety Improvement of Induction Motors Based on Testing and Evaluation Standards","authors":"Nkosinathi S. Khumalo;Ntombizotwa P. Memane;Udochukwu B. Akuru","doi":"10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00018","url":null,"abstract":"The induction motor, which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, has been recognized as the cornerstone of industrialization. The rotor of an induction motor can be either a squirrel cage rotor or a wound-type rotor, both existing as magnetless topologies. Three-phase squirrel cage induction motors are frequently utilized in industrial drives because they are dependable, have high starting torque, are self-starting and affordable. Single-phase induction motors, on the other hand, are commonly used for small loads such as domestic appliances in form of modest fans, pumps and electric power tools. In South Africa, there have been reports of fires and explosions resulting in live and property loss because of induction motors that have not been thoroughly tested or are incorrectly labelled in terms of ratings, electrical safety and performance. The goal of this study is targeted at preventing end-user injuries and failures caused by non-compliant induction motors, by evaluating locally manufactured/imported induction motors based on tests and evaluation from standards (IEC and SANS). The study is conducted using experimental procedures at the Explosion Prevention Technology and Rotating Machines (EPT and RM) laboratory, South African Bureau of Standards (SABS), South Africa. The main finding from the study shows differences in the nameplate characteristics of various induction motors which could have detrimental effects such as production and operational downtime in their end-use industries, at later stages.","PeriodicalId":100229,"journal":{"name":"CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems","volume":"8 3","pages":"310-318"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10702521","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142368462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Content","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100229,"journal":{"name":"CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems","volume":"8 3","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10702525","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142368336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. M. Taghavi Araghi;A. Kiyoumarsi;B. Mirzaeian Dehkordi
{"title":"Five-Phase Synchronous Reluctance Machines Equipped with a Novel Type of Fractional Slot Winding","authors":"S. M. Taghavi Araghi;A. Kiyoumarsi;B. Mirzaeian Dehkordi","doi":"10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30941/CESTEMS.2024.00029","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-phase machines are so attractive for electrical machine designers because of their valuable advantages such as high reliability and fault tolerant ability. Meanwhile, fractional slot concentrated windings (FSCW) are well known because of short end winding length, simple structure, field weakening sufficiency, fault tolerant capability and higher slot fill factor. The five-phase machines equipped with FSCW, are very good candidates for the purpose of designing motors for high reliable applications, like electric cars, major transporting buses, high speed trains and massive trucks. But, in comparison to the general distributed windings, the FSCWs contain high magnetomotive force (MMF) space harmonic contents, which cause unwanted effects on the machine ability, such as localized iron saturation and core losses. This manuscript introduces several new five-phase fractional slot winding layouts, by the means of slot shifting concept in order to design the new types of synchronous reluctance motors (SynRels). In order to examine the proposed winding's performances, three sample machines are designed as case studies, and analytical study and finite element analysis (FEA) is used for validation.","PeriodicalId":100229,"journal":{"name":"CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems","volume":"8 3","pages":"264-273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10640368","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142368295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}