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Electron microscopy of some wollastonite based porcelains 硅灰石基陶瓷的电镜观察
Ceramurgia International Pub Date : 1980-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/0390-5519(80)90044-7
C.Coma Díaz , J.M. González Peña , D. Alvarez-Estrada
{"title":"Electron microscopy of some wollastonite based porcelains","authors":"C.Coma Díaz ,&nbsp;J.M. González Peña ,&nbsp;D. Alvarez-Estrada","doi":"10.1016/0390-5519(80)90044-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0390-5519(80)90044-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electron microscopy studies were made on five calcium porcelains whose starting batches consisted of kaolinite clay, wollastonite and a lead borate frit. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy, as well as X-ray energy dispersive microanalysis were used. The mineral composition of the resulting porcelains was found to be primarily anorthite, wollastonite and quartz. Anorthite, the most abundant crystal phase, was found to be present in a wide range of sizes and shapes, suggesting that it is formed in these porcelains by more than one mechanism. This may be related to the presence of a vitreous phase of special characteristics. It seems possible to direct the growth of the anorthite crystals, not only towards different sizes but also towards specific shapes for the purpose of inducing convenient microstructures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100227,"journal":{"name":"Ceramurgia International","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 67-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0390-5519(80)90044-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78907040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Kinetics of the thermal decomposition of kyanite 蓝晶石热分解动力学
Ceramurgia International Pub Date : 1980-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/0390-5519(80)90043-5
H. Schneider, A. Majdič
{"title":"Kinetics of the thermal decomposition of kyanite","authors":"H. Schneider,&nbsp;A. Majdič","doi":"10.1016/0390-5519(80)90043-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0390-5519(80)90043-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The kinetics of the solid state high-temperature transformation of kyanite (Al<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>5</sub>Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>·SiO<sub>2</sub>) powders (≤40 μm) to 3:2-mullite (3Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>·2SiO<sub>2</sub>) and silica (SiO<sub>2</sub> were investigated by means of quantitative X-ray diffraction techniques. The transformation interval was found to lie between about 1150 and 1350°C. The reaction law best fitting the kinetic data is: 1-α = kt<sup>a</sup>. The transformation is believed to be reconstructive, with decomposition of the kyanite structure, solid-state atom diffusion, and (epitactic) rearrangement of mullite and cristobalite. Cristobalite represents part of the ⪡free⪢ silica, the rest being present as a glassy phase. Addition of Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub> to the starting material exerts a marked decrease of the transformation temperature, with TiO<sub>2</sub> having a somewhat stronger influence than Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. The reason may be an oxide-catalyzed reaction; the decomposition begins at nuclei formed at the surfaces of the kyanite particles, which are coated with thin layers of hematite and rutile respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100227,"journal":{"name":"Ceramurgia International","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 61-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0390-5519(80)90043-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73252158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Effect of porosity on the thermal shock behaviour of reaction-sintered silicon nitride 孔隙率对反应烧结氮化硅热冲击性能的影响
Ceramurgia International Pub Date : 1980-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0390-5519(80)90029-0
G. Ziegler, J. Heinrich
{"title":"Effect of porosity on the thermal shock behaviour of reaction-sintered silicon nitride","authors":"G. Ziegler,&nbsp;J. Heinrich","doi":"10.1016/0390-5519(80)90029-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0390-5519(80)90029-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Reaction-sintered silicon nitride was investigated to determine the effect of its pore size on thermal stress resistance to fracture initiation. Samples of controlled pore structure were prepared by using an organic component to incorporate pores in the green silicon compact as well as by using silicon starting powders with different particle size. Critical temperature differences ΔT<sub>c</sub> after water quenching is discussed in relation to changes in most important variables affecting thermal shock, such as fracture strength, Young's modulus of elasticity and thermal conductivity. The results show that when total porosity as well as other microstructural parameters are held constant, an increase in pore size leads to a decrease in ΔT<sub>c</sub>. Moreover, the results indicate that thermal conductivity plays a significant role in the interpretation of the thermal shock behaviour of reaction-sintered Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100227,"journal":{"name":"Ceramurgia International","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 25-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0390-5519(80)90029-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77762214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
Thermal stress behaviour of yttria, scandia and AIN ceramics 钇、钪和AIN陶瓷的热应力行为
Ceramurgia International Pub Date : 1980-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0390-5519(80)90030-7
G.A. Gogotsi
{"title":"Thermal stress behaviour of yttria, scandia and AIN ceramics","authors":"G.A. Gogotsi","doi":"10.1016/0390-5519(80)90030-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0390-5519(80)90030-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Results of an investigation of ceramics based on yttria (Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), scandia (Sc<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) and aluminum nitride (AIN) are given. Test procedures used for evaluating their mechanical behaviour as well as their thermal shock resistance on quenching and monotonic heating are described. Special emphasis was placed on yttria from which one- and two-phase materials were fabricated. It was found that, of the materials studied, ceramics of AIN possessed the highest strength and thermal shock resistance. The analysis involved also the use of data from fractographic studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100227,"journal":{"name":"Ceramurgia International","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 31-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0390-5519(80)90030-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87998814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 24
High temperature structural ceramic materials manufactured by the CNTD process 采用CNTD工艺制造的高温结构陶瓷材料
Ceramurgia International Pub Date : 1980-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0390-5519(80)90026-5
J.J. Stiglich Jr., D.G. Bhat, R.A. Holzl
{"title":"High temperature structural ceramic materials manufactured by the CNTD process","authors":"J.J. Stiglich Jr.,&nbsp;D.G. Bhat,&nbsp;R.A. Holzl","doi":"10.1016/0390-5519(80)90026-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0390-5519(80)90026-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Controlled Nucleation Thermochemical Deposition (CNTD) has emerged from classical chemical deposition (CVD) technology. This paper describes the techniques of thermochemical grain refinement. The effects of such refinement on mechanical properties of materials at room temperature and at elevated temperatures are outlined. Emphasis is given to high temperature structural ceramic materials such as SiC, Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, AiN, and TiB<sub>2</sub> and ZrB<sub>2</sub>. An example of grain refinement accompanied by improvements in mechanical properties is SiC. Grain sizes of 500 to 1000 Å have been observed in CNTD SiC with room temperature MOR of 1380 to 2070 MPa (4 pt bending) and MOR of 3450 to 4140 MPa (4 pt bending) at 1350°C. Various applications of these materials to the solution of high temperature structural problems are described.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100227,"journal":{"name":"Ceramurgia International","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 3-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0390-5519(80)90026-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86449465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Some phenomena occurring in basalt glass fibres at high temperatures 玄武岩玻璃纤维在高温下发生的一些现象
Ceramurgia International Pub Date : 1980-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0390-5519(80)90032-0
J. Rzechula, M. Grylicki
{"title":"Some phenomena occurring in basalt glass fibres at high temperatures","authors":"J. Rzechula,&nbsp;M. Grylicki","doi":"10.1016/0390-5519(80)90032-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0390-5519(80)90032-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is well known that at high temperatures basalt glass wool looses its elasticity; crystalline phases appear and the fibres eventually disintegrate. Experiments reported here show that one of the factors responsible for this processes is oxidation of Fe<sup>2+</sup> to Fe<sup>3+</sup>. Other possible physicochemical processes, which can effect the behaviour of basalt glass fibres at high temperatures were also analysed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100227,"journal":{"name":"Ceramurgia International","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 39-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0390-5519(80)90032-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72582486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Fracture mechanics study of a transformation toughened zirconia alloy in the CaOZrO2 system CaOZrO2体系中相变增韧氧化锆合金断裂力学研究
Ceramurgia International Pub Date : 1980-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0390-5519(80)90028-9
R.C Garvie, R.H.J Hannink, C Urbani
{"title":"Fracture mechanics study of a transformation toughened zirconia alloy in the CaOZrO2 system","authors":"R.C Garvie,&nbsp;R.H.J Hannink,&nbsp;C Urbani","doi":"10.1016/0390-5519(80)90028-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0390-5519(80)90028-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The flexural strength, elastic modulus, fracture toughness (K<sub><em>tc</em></sub>) and grain size were determined for a partially stabilized calcia-zirconia alloy (Ca-PSZ) which was progressively aged at 1300°C. Data for the same properties were obtained also for a fully stabilized cubic magnesia-zirconia alloy (Mg-CSZ) which was used as a reference material. The growth of the zirconia precipitate phase in the Ca-PSZ material was monitored. The flexural strength and fracture toughness increased smoothly to peak values of 645 MPa and 9.6 Mpa <span><math><mtext>m</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn><mtext>1</mtext><mtext>2</mtext></mn></msup></math></span>, respectively, at a critical value of the ageing time and thereafter declined rapidly. The precipitate phase coarsened during ageing. Its structure was tetragonal up until the critical ageing time and thereafter the majority of the particles transformed to monoclinic. The peak strength increased three times relative to the cubic stabilized material. The grain size and elastic modulus showed only a slight dependence on ageing time. The study confirmed the hypothesis that the enhanced strength of transformation toughened zirconia alloys arises from an increase in the fracture energy. This increase is brought about by the presence of tetragonal particles, metastable at room temperature, which can be transformed by stress.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100227,"journal":{"name":"Ceramurgia International","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 19-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0390-5519(80)90028-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136554804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fracture Mechanics Study of a Transformation Toughened Zirconia Alloy in the CaO-ZrO2 System CaO-ZrO2体系相变增韧氧化锆合金断裂力学研究
Ceramurgia International Pub Date : 1980-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-0741-6_17
R. Garvie, R. Hannink, C. Urbani
{"title":"Fracture Mechanics Study of a Transformation Toughened Zirconia Alloy in the CaO-ZrO2 System","authors":"R. Garvie, R. Hannink, C. Urbani","doi":"10.1007/978-94-009-0741-6_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0741-6_17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100227,"journal":{"name":"Ceramurgia International","volume":"22 1","pages":"287-299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88831320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Studies on the application of hot-pressed silicon nitride ceramics as cutting-tools 热压氮化硅陶瓷作为刀具的应用研究
Ceramurgia International Pub Date : 1980-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0390-5519(80)90031-9
Miao Ho-Cho , Chow Chia-Bao , Liu Yuan-Ho , Chiang Tso-Chao , Liu Kuo-Liang , Tang Chen-Huei
{"title":"Studies on the application of hot-pressed silicon nitride ceramics as cutting-tools","authors":"Miao Ho-Cho ,&nbsp;Chow Chia-Bao ,&nbsp;Liu Yuan-Ho ,&nbsp;Chiang Tso-Chao ,&nbsp;Liu Kuo-Liang ,&nbsp;Tang Chen-Huei","doi":"10.1016/0390-5519(80)90031-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0390-5519(80)90031-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Studies on the application of hot-pressed Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> as cutting tool were carried out and satisfactory results achieved. In cutting hardened tool steels, chilled cast iron, pure molybdenum and pyrolytic graphite, the tool life of Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> cutting tools is several times as long as that of sintered carbide tools. In threading, the Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> cutting tool also performs satisfactorily. In order to test its cutting property under shock load, a milling test was made. The results show that the Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> cutting tool can resist the shock load in milling. In cutting cast iron with high cutting speed, the Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> cutting tool was also successful. These results indicate that hot-pressed Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> is a cutting tool material which should be developed extensively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100227,"journal":{"name":"Ceramurgia International","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 36-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0390-5519(80)90031-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83330467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Deformation mechanism maps for applications at high temperatures 变形机制图在高温下的应用
Ceramurgia International Pub Date : 1980-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0390-5519(80)90027-7
Terence G. Langdon
{"title":"Deformation mechanism maps for applications at high temperatures","authors":"Terence G. Langdon","doi":"10.1016/0390-5519(80)90027-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0390-5519(80)90027-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Deformation mechanism maps provide a very simple and convenient method of displaying mechanical properties data at high temperatures. Several different types of maps are available, and these are discussed with reference to polycrystalline Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and MgO. Ambipolar diffusion is important in ceramic materials, and this leads to four different types of diffusion creep which may be illustrated directly on the deformation mechanism maps. In practice, the accuracy of the maps depends on the purity level, and this is demonstrated by comparing maps for nominally pure Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> doped with MgO above the solubility limit.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100227,"journal":{"name":"Ceramurgia International","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 11-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0390-5519(80)90027-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77041489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
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