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Phase equilibria in the SiO2TiO2 binary and the effect of TiO2 on the α-β transformation in cristobalite SiO2TiO2二元体系的相平衡及TiO2对方石石α-β转变的影响
Ceramurgia International Pub Date : 1980-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/0390-5519(80)90022-8
S. Kaneko , H.N. Tran , Y. Kubo , F. Imoto
{"title":"Phase equilibria in the SiO2TiO2 binary and the effect of TiO2 on the α-β transformation in cristobalite","authors":"S. Kaneko ,&nbsp;H.N. Tran ,&nbsp;Y. Kubo ,&nbsp;F. Imoto","doi":"10.1016/0390-5519(80)90022-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0390-5519(80)90022-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The solid solubility of TiO<sub>2</sub> in cristobalite at 1450°C is ∼4.7 wt%. The variation of the lattice constant and of the α-β transformation temperature of cristobalite with increasing TiO<sub>2</sub> content was also studied.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100227,"journal":{"name":"Ceramurgia International","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 106-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0390-5519(80)90022-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75886435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
New approaches to porcelain dosimeters for measuring fast neutron fluxes 测量快中子通量的陶瓷剂量计的新方法
Ceramurgia International Pub Date : 1980-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/0390-5519(80)90023-X
M.A. Fadel ∗ , I.A.F. Wafa , D.S. Al-Alousi ∗
{"title":"New approaches to porcelain dosimeters for measuring fast neutron fluxes","authors":"M.A. Fadel ∗ ,&nbsp;I.A.F. Wafa ,&nbsp;D.S. Al-Alousi ∗","doi":"10.1016/0390-5519(80)90023-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0390-5519(80)90023-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The induced damage effects of 14.3 Mev neutron fluxes on quartz-based porcelain and alumina-based porcelain were studied using X-ray diffraction analysis and electric, resistivity measurements. The results showed that both the degree of crystallinity and the electric resistivity of the samples decreased upon irradiation. Resistivity values plotted as a function of neutron flux proved to fit semi-empirical formulae that could be used for measuring neutron fluxes (10<sup>10</sup>−2 × 10<sup>11</sup> n/cm<sup>2</sup>) in the presence of gamma radiation (up to 5 megarads). Moreover, plots of the area under the X-ray peaks as a function of neutron flux were found to fit empirical formulae which could be used for the same purpose. The effect of storage at temperatures up to 50°C and for periods of up to 2 weeks on the radiation induced changes in the porcelain were studied.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100227,"journal":{"name":"Ceramurgia International","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 109-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0390-5519(80)90023-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84980501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The preparation and properties of strontium zirconate ceramics for channels of open-cycle MHD generators 开式循环MHD发生器通道用锆酸锶陶瓷的制备及性能研究
Ceramurgia International Pub Date : 1980-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/0390-5519(80)90020-4
M. Zborowska, M. Grylicki, J. Zborowski
{"title":"The preparation and properties of strontium zirconate ceramics for channels of open-cycle MHD generators","authors":"M. Zborowska,&nbsp;M. Grylicki,&nbsp;J. Zborowski","doi":"10.1016/0390-5519(80)90020-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0390-5519(80)90020-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A two-stage procedure of preparation of dense strontium zirconate ceramics capable of being used as electrically insulating material in MHD generators is described. A small addition of TiO<sub>2</sub> was introduced at the first stage to favour development of the properties, especially low apparent porosity, required for MHD purposes. The effect of TiO<sub>2</sub> on sintering temperature, phase composition and microstructure of the bodies is described. Properties of the resulting ceramics i.e. porosity, cold crushing strength, microhardness as well as electrical conductivity over the temperature range of 20–2000°C were measured. The results of successful testing of these ceramics in the channel of an experimental MHD generator are presented.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100227,"journal":{"name":"Ceramurgia International","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 99-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0390-5519(80)90020-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78482708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Hot pressing of silicon nitride with ceria additions 添加铈的氮化硅热压
Ceramurgia International Pub Date : 1980-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/0390-5519(80)90019-8
G.N Babini, A Bellosi, P Vincenzini
{"title":"Hot pressing of silicon nitride with ceria additions","authors":"G.N Babini,&nbsp;A Bellosi,&nbsp;P Vincenzini","doi":"10.1016/0390-5519(80)90019-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0390-5519(80)90019-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hot pressing kinetics, <span><math><mtext>α</mtext><mtext>β</mtext></math></span> conversion reaction and β-phase texture were studied for (1 – 20) wt% CeO<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> compositions hot pressed at T = 1823 ÷ 1973 K and P<sub>a</sub> = 14.7 ÷ 39.2 MNm<sup>−1</sup> in a nitrogen atmosphere. Sintering is likely to occur in the presence of an intergranular cerium orthosilicate Ce<sub>4.67</sub>(SiO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>O liquid phase by a multicomponent mechanism including rheologic rearrangement, solution/reprecipitation and grain boundary sliding. The same solution/diffusion/reprecipitation mechanism seems to apply for densification and for the <span><math><mtext>α</mtext><mtext>β</mtext></math></span> conversion reaction in the early stages of hot pressing. An appreciable dependence of the β - phase texture on hot pressing parameters and amount of liquid phase is also featured.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100227,"journal":{"name":"Ceramurgia International","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 91-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0390-5519(80)90019-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75789408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Formation and properties of glass-mica composite materials 玻璃-云母复合材料的形成与性能
Ceramurgia International Pub Date : 1980-07-01 DOI: 10.1016/0390-5519(80)90018-6
Norman L.P. Low
{"title":"Formation and properties of glass-mica composite materials","authors":"Norman L.P. Low","doi":"10.1016/0390-5519(80)90018-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0390-5519(80)90018-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Glass-mica composite material of different physical structures has been developed from mixtures of recycled soda-lime waste glass powder and a locally produced phlogopite-type mica powder by a simple sintering process at temperatures above 780°C for 30 minutes or longer. The composite material can be fabricated into products having either a cellular-structure consisting of both closed and open cells or a highly densified ceramic structure having very little porosity. The fabricated glass-mica composite product with the densified ceramic structure is found to have a compressive strength higher than 53 MN/m<sup>2</sup> and thermal conductivity values in the range of 0.198–0.250 W/m, °C when measured over the temperature range, 25–180°C. These mechanical and thermal properties are found to be superior than those of the conventional building materials, such as concrete, masonry products and cement mortar. This suggests that the glass-mica composite is a potential material for building construction applications because it could contribute to energy conservation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100227,"journal":{"name":"Ceramurgia International","volume":"6 3","pages":"Pages 85-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0390-5519(80)90018-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82784351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Preparation of corundum and steatite ceramics by the freeze-drying method 用冷冻干燥法制备刚玉和滑石陶瓷
Ceramurgia International Pub Date : 1980-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/0390-5519(80)90046-0
A. Kwiatkowski , K. Reszka , A. Szymanski
{"title":"Preparation of corundum and steatite ceramics by the freeze-drying method","authors":"A. Kwiatkowski ,&nbsp;K. Reszka ,&nbsp;A. Szymanski","doi":"10.1016/0390-5519(80)90046-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0390-5519(80)90046-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The flexural strength and surface and fracture structures of ceramics samples dried by the traditional thermal method were compared with those of equivalent samples dried by the freeze-drying method. The freezing temperatures of the corundum, mullite and steatite slips, were determined. Drying by the freeze-drying technique resulted in smoother sample surfaces and increased flexural strenght of the corundum and mullite ceramics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100227,"journal":{"name":"Ceramurgia International","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 79-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0390-5519(80)90046-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79756659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Interaction between creep, oxidation and microporosity in reaction-bonded silicon nitride 反应键合氮化硅中蠕变、氧化和微孔隙的相互作用
Ceramurgia International Pub Date : 1980-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/0390-5519(80)90040-X
G. Grathwohl, F. Thümmler
{"title":"Interaction between creep, oxidation and microporosity in reaction-bonded silicon nitride","authors":"G. Grathwohl,&nbsp;F. Thümmler","doi":"10.1016/0390-5519(80)90040-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0390-5519(80)90040-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Kinetic studies have been performed on primary and secondary (minimal) creep of reaction-bonded silicon nitride in 4-pt-bending tests up to 1500°C. The creep deformation depends strongly on the extent of internal oxidation. In spite of the very marked dependence of the creep rate on material and pretreatment parameters, the stress exponents (n = 1.7–1.8) and activation energies (360–390 kJ/mole) are hardly influenced, suggesting similar creep mechanism. Creep deformation is provided by relative motion and separation of grain boundaries. Oxidation and deformation lead to remarkable changes of the pore size distribution; the creep processes are accompanied by deformation of the pores. The creep rupture strain is very limited in highly creep resistant materials and vice versa. Methods for the determination of oxidation products and oxide profiles along sample cross section have been developed and the chemical changes which the material can undergo during creep are outlined.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100227,"journal":{"name":"Ceramurgia International","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 43-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0390-5519(80)90040-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87270347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
On the α to β phase transformation and grain growth during hot-pressing of Si3N4 containing MgO 含MgO Si3N4热压过程中α - β相变和晶粒长大的研究
Ceramurgia International Pub Date : 1980-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/0390-5519(80)90041-1
H. Knoch , G.E. Gazza
{"title":"On the α to β phase transformation and grain growth during hot-pressing of Si3N4 containing MgO","authors":"H. Knoch ,&nbsp;G.E. Gazza","doi":"10.1016/0390-5519(80)90041-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0390-5519(80)90041-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The α/β phase transformation and correlated grain growth during hot-pressing of silicon nitride containing MgO has been studied. The reconstructive transformation appears to be reaction controlled with the rate dependent on the amount of pre-existing β phase and α/liquid/β interface formed during hot-pressing. The microstructure of the dense, hot-pressed product, i.e. grain size, shape, and distribution, is influenced by the starting α/β ratio and nucleation rate of the β phase. Different growth rates perpendicular and parallel to the crystallographic c-axis of β result in an elongated microstructure. Increasing the hot-pressing pressure increases the transformation rate as a consequence of the enhanced nucleation rate of β. This produces a fine, uniform microstructure with good mechanical strength. If hot-pressing time is extended beyond that required for α/β conversion, coarsening of the β grains will degrade mechanical properties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100227,"journal":{"name":"Ceramurgia International","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 51-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0390-5519(80)90041-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83459733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 37
Expansion during the reaction sintering of PZT PZT反应烧结过程中的膨胀
Ceramurgia International Pub Date : 1980-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/0390-5519(80)90042-3
Yoshikazu Nakamura , Sudhir S. Chandratreya , Richard M. Fulrath
{"title":"Expansion during the reaction sintering of PZT","authors":"Yoshikazu Nakamura ,&nbsp;Sudhir S. Chandratreya ,&nbsp;Richard M. Fulrath","doi":"10.1016/0390-5519(80)90042-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0390-5519(80)90042-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Expansion during the reaction sintering of PZT from PT and PZ constituents was studied at different molar ratios, for different particle sizes, and different temperatures: compositional and particle size effects were observed. The expansion is related to the size of the PT particles present and exhibits a maximum at 50 mole% PT for equal sizes of PT and PZ.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100227,"journal":{"name":"Ceramurgia International","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 57-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0390-5519(80)90042-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77878694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Thermal insulations from rice husk ash, an agricultural waste 稻壳灰的隔热材料，一种农业废料
Ceramurgia International Pub Date : 1980-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/0390-5519(80)90045-9
P.C. Kapur
{"title":"Thermal insulations from rice husk ash, an agricultural waste","authors":"P.C. Kapur","doi":"10.1016/0390-5519(80)90045-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0390-5519(80)90045-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rice husk ash, an agricultural waste material, is available in large quantitaties in the rice paddy growing countries of the world at little or no cost. This ash is highly porous, mostly silica and possesses refractory and thermal insulation properties. It is therefore an attractive starting raw material for the manufacture of low to moderate cost thermal insulations for dryers, ovens, kilns and furnaces, including those employed in the ceramic industry. This paper deals with manufacture, properties and usage of a spectrum of low to high temperature thermal insulations and insulating refractories that can be made from rice husk ash, namely: (i) Calcium ferrite bonded porous silica refractory: (ii) Sodium silicate bonded porous silica refractory; (iii) Fired and chemically bonded forsterite insulating refractory; (iv) Hydraulic setting calcium silicate/silica thermal insulation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100227,"journal":{"name":"Ceramurgia International","volume":"6 2","pages":"Pages 75-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1980-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0390-5519(80)90045-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73987357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 27
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