Cancer Innovation最新文献

{"title":"Safeguarding the Right to a Whole Life","authors":"Jie Qiao, Fei Ma","doi":"10.1002/cai2.70080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cai2.70080","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The ultimate concern of medicine transcends the mere eradication of disease; more profoundly, it resides in the preservation of human dignity and the intergenerational continuity of life's hope. From the ancient maxim of the <i>Zhouyi</i> (<i>Book of Changes</i>)—“The greatest virtue of Heaven and Earth is the giving of life”—to the contemporary advances in assisted reproductive technology that repeatedly render the impossible possible, the continuity and full flourishing of life have remained among medicine's deepest aspirations. As precision oncology continues to continually improve survival outcomes, we are increasingly cognizant that a truly curative path must not only draw patients back from the abyss of illness but also preserve their right to embrace a fulfilling life—of which safeguarding reproductive potential stands as an indispensable dimension that must not be overlooked [<span>1</span>].</p><p>With the remarkable advance in tumor diagnosis and treatment, a growing number of young patients have moved beyond the threshold of mere survival to reclaim the fullness of life. As long-term survival becomes achievable for an increasing proportion of patients, a central consideration in redefining quality of life lies in the ability to “nurture the future” and to reclaim familial and societal identities. Taking breast cancer as an example, 50% of young patients have not yet completed their families at the time of diagnosis, yet the actual pregnancy rate remains below 5% [<span>2, 3</span>]. Cytotoxic chemotherapy may exert substantial gonadotoxic effects, whereas prolonged endocrine therapy may defer childbearing during the reproductive years; the reproductive effects of many targeted therapies remain incompletely characterized [<span>4, 5</span>]. Consequently, some patients who survive cancer may still face premature ovarian insufficiency and fertility loss. Reassuringly, existing evidence indicates that timely and appropriately selected interventions can preserve reproductive potential without sacrificing anticancer efficacy in many clinical settings, encompassing fertility preservation strategies like cryopreservation techniques and pharmacological protection [<span>5-7</span>]. Between oncology and reproductive medicine, an interdisciplinary frontier demanding systematic cultivation has thus emerged. Oncofertility stands as the nascent cross-disciplinary practice that responds to this pressing clinical need [<span>1</span>]. We advocate a clinical philosophy wherein anticancer treatment and fertility preservation are considered in parallel, so that disease control and preservation of reproductive potential need not become mutually exclusive goals, thereby moving fertility preservation from an exploratory practice confined to selected centers toward routine clinical care, and from post-treatment remediation toward proactive and safeguarding planning [<span>7</span>].</p><p>Since its inception, <i>Cancer Innovation</i> has steadfastly ch","PeriodicalId":100212,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Innovation","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cai2.70080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in the Research of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Perspective","authors":"Zishan Liang,&nbsp;Xian-Yue Zeng,&nbsp;Jia-Wei Lv,&nbsp;Guan-Qun Zhou,&nbsp;Ying Sun,&nbsp;Li Lin","doi":"10.1002/cai2.70074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cai2.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The year 2025 marked significant advances in precision medicine for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This review summarizes recent advances in treatment strategies aimed at addressing longstanding challenges in NPC management, including treatment-related toxicity, therapeutic resistance, and the limited precision of risk stratification. For locoregionally advanced NPC, a novel efficacy-enhancing and toxicity-minimizing strategy has emerged: toxicity minimizing involves replacing toxic concurrent cisplatin chemotherapy with PD-1 blockade, achieving superior safety while maintaining non-inferior 3-year failure-free survival; meanwhile efficacy-enhancing employs adjuvant immunotherapy to improve survival specifically in high-risk patients, supporting the transition toward risk-adapted strategies. In radiotherapy, international consensus guidelines recommend reducing target volumes and sparing normal tissues to minimize side effects. For recurrent or metastatic NPC, antibody–drug conjugates(ADCs) and novel immunotherapeutic combinations show promise in overcoming treatment resistance and expanding therapeutic options. Furthermore, advances in artificial intelligence and deeper understanding of resistance mechanisms are accelerating clinical innovation. Collectively, these advances underscore the ongoing shift toward reduced toxicity, improved efficacy, and greater precision in the management of NPC.</p>","PeriodicalId":100212,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Innovation","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cai2.70074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and Genetic Landscape of Intravenous Leiomyomatosis: A Narrative Review","authors":"Lei Li,&nbsp;Jing Zhou,&nbsp;Jia Kang,&nbsp;Xudong Liu,&nbsp;Ran Chen,&nbsp;Meng Yuan,&nbsp;Zhuo Yu,&nbsp;Jinhui Wang","doi":"10.1002/cai2.70075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cai2.70075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL) is a rare benign smooth muscle tumor originating from the uterus and characterized by intravascular growth along the venous system, with potential extension to the inferior vena cava, right heart, or pulmonary arteries, leading to life-threatening cardiorespiratory complications. IVL carries a 10%–31% recurrence rate and exhibits quasimalignant biological behavior despite its benign histology. Surgical resection is the main treatment. Current studies on IVL remain limited with regard to molecular and genetic mechanisms. This review systematically summarizes the research progress on IVL from the perspectives of chromosomal aberrations, copy number variations, gene mutations, transcriptomics, proteomics, histopathology, and epigenetic alterations. In addition, IVL is compared with uterine leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma, and benign metastasizing leiomyoma to clarify its similarities and differences. This review also discusses unresolved issues, including tumor origin, intravascular invasive mechanisms and recurrence biomarkers, as well as prospects for future directions. A comprehensive understanding of the genetic and molecular features of IVL will help elucidate its pathogenesis, improve differential diagnosis and clinical management, and provide a theoretical basis for targeted therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":100212,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Innovation","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cai2.70075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innate Immune Cells in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Roles in Tumor Progression and Therapeutic Responses","authors":"Jiaxin Liu,&nbsp;Jie Jia,&nbsp;Chong Wang,&nbsp;Zongru Zhou,&nbsp;Zhuoyu Cheng,&nbsp;Ziyi Zhang,&nbsp;Xueyi Jiang,&nbsp;Ziyu Huang,&nbsp;Chunyan Li","doi":"10.1002/cai2.70072","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cai2.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is profoundly influenced by innate immune cells (IICs). In addition to serving as key mediators of antimicrobial defense and adaptive immune activation, IICs exert pivotal and multifaceted influences on the initiation, progression, and therapeutic responses of NSCLC. This review integrates current knowledge on the classification, phenotypic plasticity, and functions of IICs, as well as their crosstalk within the tumor microenvironment in NSCLC, summarizes therapeutic strategies targeting IICs, and discusses the existing challenges and future perspectives in NSCLC immunotherapy, to provide theoretical references for the immunotherapy of NSCLC.</p>","PeriodicalId":100212,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Innovation","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13429807/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148671918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-Dose Antiangiogenic Therapy With Different Chemotherapy Backbones Among Patients With Heavily Pretreated Metastatic Breast Cancer","authors":"Yuanyi Wang,&nbsp;Yalong Qi,&nbsp;Cheng Zeng,&nbsp;Ruixia Song,&nbsp;Yuhan Wei,&nbsp;Haili Qian,&nbsp;Fei Ma","doi":"10.1002/cai2.70070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cai2.70070","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Background&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;The prognosis for metastatic breast cancer (MBC) remains poor, and treatment options are limited for patients with heavily pretreated disease. Although antiangiogenic agents may provide clinical benefit in this setting, real-world evidence regarding their efficacy, safety, and optimal combination strategies remains limited. This study evaluated antiangiogenic therapy combined with chemotherapy in heavily pretreated MBC, with exploratory analyses across clinically relevant subgroups.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This multicenter retrospective study enrolled 348 patients with heavily pretreated MBC who received antiangiogenic therapy plus chemotherapy or chemotherapy alone. A 1:1 propensity score-matched cohort of 174 pairs was generated for the primary comparative analysis. Chemotherapy backbones were categorized as microfilament–microtubule inhibitor (MMI)-based or non-MMI-based regimens. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), and secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR) and safety. Exploratory subgroup analyses were conducted according to antiangiogenic agent, chemotherapy backbone, prior lines of therapy, and dosing strategy.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;In the propensity score-matched cohort, antiangiogenic therapy combined with chemotherapy was associated with significantly longer progression-free survival than chemotherapy alone (mPFS, 122 days [95% CI, 104–151] vs. 90 days [95% CI, 83–113]; HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.49–0.78; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). The incidence of treatment-related adverse events was similar between the antiangiogenic therapy plus chemotherapy and chemotherapy-alone groups (72.4% vs. 76.4%), with most events being grade 1–2. Exploratory analyses suggested that PFS outcomes varied according to antiangiogenic agent and chemotherapy backbone, with more favorable estimates observed for bevacizumab- or apatinib-based combinations and for MMI-based chemotherapy backbones. In exploratory descriptive dose-stratified analyses, PFS estimates varied across dose groups, and these findings should not be interpreted as evidence of comparable efficacy between dose levels.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Antiangiogenic therapy combined with chemotherapy was associated with longer progression-free survival and a manageable safety profile in patients with heavily pretreated metastatic breast cancer. Exploratory analyses suggested that treatment outcomes may vary according to antiangiogenic agent, chemotherapy backbone, and ","PeriodicalId":100212,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Innovation","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cai2.70070","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148616163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunogenic Cell Death: Unlocking New Frontiers in Cancer Immunotherapy","authors":"Katherine Yaacoub","doi":"10.1002/cai2.70069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cai2.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<p>When cells are unable to maintain their proper functions, they go into “Cell Death”, either “Accidental” which is uncontrolled, or “Regulated” which is programmed and involves signaling cascades of specific molecules. Any perturbation of the cell death pathways is correlated with a large range of diseases including cancers. These irregularities in cell death mechanisms could however be used as therapeutic targets for a wide range of tumor indications. One of these strategies describes as “Cancer Immunotherapy” is using the power of the immune system to destroy cancer cells. A specific branch of Immunotherapy is “Immunogenic Cell Death” (ICD) which enhances tumor immunogenicity through regulated cancer cell death and triggers tumor-specific adaptive immune responses. A better understanding of ICD is critical for getting better anti-cancer modalities. This review focuses on ICD mechanisms, highlights the capacity of drugs to induce ICD, and discusses the importance of combining “ICD-inducers” with other strategies to enhance their efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":100212,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Innovation","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cai2.70069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148324371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Breakthrough in Targeted Protein Degradation: Reflections on the Approval of ARV-471","authors":"Yu Rao","doi":"10.1002/cai2.70068","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cai2.70068","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;On May 1, 2026, the US Food and Drug Administration approved vepdegestrant (ARV-471; Veppanu), developed by Arvinas in partnership with Pfizer, for the treatment of ESR1-mutated, ER-positive/HER2-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. As the first PROTAC (proteolysis-targeting chimera) drug to reach the market, ARV-471 represents the culmination of more than two decades of scientific development, translating the concept of targeted protein degradation from academic laboratories into a clinically viable therapeutic modality. Its approval establishes a critical regulatory and commercial precedent for the broader class of degraders now advancing through pharmaceutical pipelines (Figure 1).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Traditional inhibitors act through occupancy-driven target blockade, whereas PROTACs function through an event-driven mechanism by recruiting an E3 ligase to induce ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of the target protein. Compared with antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), cell and gene therapies (CGTs), and siRNA therapeutics, PROTACs provide a complementary small-molecule strategy for accessing intracellular proteins and eliminating disease-associated targets after protein synthesis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The mechanism of PROTACs differs fundamentally from that of conventional small-molecule inhibitors. Traditional inhibitors operate through an occupancy-driven model, in which the drug molecule must bind to and block the active site of a target protein, typically requiring sustained high local concentrations to maintain efficacy. This approach struggles against targets lacking well-defined catalytic pockets—such as transcription factors, scaffold proteins, and many non-enzymatic signaling molecules—that have long been considered “undruggable.” PROTACs, by contrast, function through an event-driven mechanism. These heterobifunctional molecules bind the target protein at one end and recruit an E3 ubiquitin ligase at the other, inducing the formation of a ternary complex that hijacks the cell's endogenous ubiquitin-proteasome system to mark the disease-associated protein for degradation. Because a single PROTAC molecule can catalytically mediate the destruction of multiple target molecules, effective doses are generally lower than those required for traditional inhibitors. Moreover, PROTACs do not require high-affinity engagement of an active site; even modest binding to accessible surface regions can trigger degradation, substantially expanding the range of the proteome that can be pharmacologically addressed [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The approval of ARV-471 was supported by data from the Phase III VERITAC-2 trial. In patients with ESR1-mutated breast cancer who had progressed following prior treatment with CDK4/6 inhibitors and endocrine therapy, vepdegestrant monotherapy achieved a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 5.0 months, compared with 2.1 months for fulvestrant, representing a 43% reduction in the risk of disease pro","PeriodicalId":100212,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Innovation","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13242623/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148207462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment Advances in Gynecologic Cancers: Insights From Recent Clinical Trials","authors":"Yiyang Shen,&nbsp;Xiaofei Jiao,&nbsp;Yuanjia Wen,&nbsp;Zikun Peng,&nbsp;Xuejiao Zhao,&nbsp;Jiahao Liu,&nbsp;Qinglei Gao","doi":"10.1002/cai2.70065","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cai2.70065","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Gynecologic cancers remain a major global health burden for women. Their management has evolved toward a gynecologic oncologist-led multimodal paradigm. While these approaches have improved outcomes, critical limitations persist, including challenges in decision-making during surgical procedures and suboptimal efficacy coupled with frequent resistance and substantial toxicities during medical management. Recent high-quality clinical trials have helped refine these areas. In early-stage cervical cancer, sentinel lymph node biopsy has emerged as a safe and effective alternative to systematic lymphadenectomy, preserving oncologic outcomes while minimizing morbidity. In advanced ovarian cancer, primary debulking surgery has been established as superior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by interval debulking surgery in fit patients treated at experienced centers. Meanwhile, immunotherapy demonstrates promise through strategic combinations, including dual checkpoint inhibition and triplet regimens incorporating chemotherapy and anti-angiogenic agents. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) directed against folate receptor alpha (FRα) and tissue factor (TF) have shown durable responses in biomarker-selected populations. By critically synthesizing these advances, this review seeks to delineate the clinical utility of emerging therapies, highlight knowledge gaps, and inform evidence-based decision-making for clinicians and researchers.</p>","PeriodicalId":100212,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Innovation","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13243705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148214088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constructing Tumor Cellular Cluster Models and Their Evolutionary Dynamics to Decode Tumor Evolution","authors":"Haili Qian,&nbsp;Fei Ma","doi":"10.1002/cai2.70066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cai2.70066","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Tumor research has undergone a transition from a cancer cell-centered paradigm to a systematic evolutionary perspective. Cancer is a highly complex disease, and tumor initiation and progression have traditionally been interpreted primarily through genetic and molecular alterations within tumor cells. However, with the emergence of systems biology, this “cancer cell-centered” view has gradually evolved into a “systems evolutionary perspective.” The most recent theoretical framework in oncology emphasizes that tumors are dynamic systems comprising multiple cell types and their interactions, highlighting that their evolution reflects system-level remodeling driven by multidimensional signaling networks [&lt;span&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;]. Within this framework, tumor cells, immune cells, stromal cells, and vascular-associated cells form highly interconnected regulatory networks through molecular interactions and cell–cell communication. These networks collectively shape tumor initiation, progression, and therapeutic response. Consequently, approaches focusing solely on single molecules or individual cells are unable to sufficiently account for the complexity and dynamic behavior of tumors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In multiscale biological systems, cellular clusters—structural units positioned between single cells and tissues—have emerged as a critical level for understanding tumor complexity. These clusters can be broadly categorized into homogeneous and heterogeneous types based on their composition. Homogeneous clusters are mainly composed of phenotypically similar tumor cells and characterized by clonal expansion and localized proliferative advantage, serving as an important source of tumor genetic heterogeneity [&lt;span&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;]. In contrast, heterogeneous clusters consist of tumor cells together with immune cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and other cell types, forming functionally specialized microenvironmental structures [&lt;span&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;]. These cellular clusters are not merely spatial aggregates but also functionally integrated systems shaped by molecular signaling networks and intercellular communication. Within such systems, chemokines, cytokines, and receptor-mediated signaling establish multilevel feedback regulation, giving rise to “functional emergence” beyond the behavior of individual cells. Accordingly, tumor initiation and progression can be viewed as a continuous process of structural reorganization and functional emergence at the level of cellular clusters.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In recent years, rapid advances in single-cell sequencing and spatial multi-omics technologies have brought tumor research into a high-resolution data era. However, the large-scale data sets generated by these approaches remain largely limited to descriptive and correlative analyses, with insufficient logic for systematic integration and dynamic modeling. Current research paradigms face several key challenges: (1) high-dimensional data are difficult to reduce to interpretable low-dimensional structure","PeriodicalId":100212,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Innovation","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cai2.70066","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148173906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expert Consensus on the Clinical Application of Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase Inhibitors in Breast Cancer (2025 Edition)","authors":"Fei Ma,&nbsp;Binghe Xu,&nbsp;China Anti-Cancer Association Committee on Clinical Research of Anticancer Drugs, National Expert Committee on Monitoring Clinical Application of Antineoplastic Drugs, Breast Cancer Expert Committee of National Cancer Quality Control Center, Expert Committee on Chemotherapy Quality Control of Beijing Cancer Treatment Quality Control and Improvement Center","doi":"10.1002/cai2.70062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cai2.70062","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Breast cancer represents a major threat to women's health in China. Its continuously rising incidence contributes to a growing disease burden, thereby creating a critical demand for novel and effective therapeutic strategies. In recent years, poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, as a novel class of anti-tumor drugs targeting the DNA damage repair pathway, have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in treating breast cancer with <i>BRCA1/2</i> mutations. By selectively inhibiting DNA repair in tumor cells, these agents induce a “synthetic lethality” effect, offering a new option for precision therapy. Currently, PARP inhibitors such as Olaparib and Fluzoparib have been approved for clinical use. This consensus, based on the latest evidence-based medical data, provides guidance on the standardized application and safety management of PARP inhibitors in breast cancer treatment, aiming to serve as a reference for clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":100212,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Innovation","volume":"5 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cai2.70062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148174745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}