Applied Research最新文献

{"title":"Harnessing Intrinsic Properties of Two-Dimensional Materials for Advanced Electrochemical Catalytic Applications","authors":"Tae Hyung Lee,&nbsp;Sang Eon Jun,&nbsp;Seungwon Choi,&nbsp;Ho Won Jang","doi":"10.1002/appl.202400143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202400143","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Two-dimensional (2D) materials have ignited extensive research across various fields due to their intrinsic structural, electronic, chemical, and mechanical properties, which are markedly different from those of conventional 3D materials. In the fields of electrochemical catalysis and gas sensing, 2D materials can play vital roles by leveraging their superiorities to accelerate interfacial charge transport and surface catalytic reactions. This review summarizes the advantages of 2D materials, including stackability, tunable bandgap, intrinsic atomic structure, flexibility, and large specific surface area. Furthermore, the recent approaches utilizing 2D materials as active catalysts and sensing materials are explored. Finally, the key challenges and prospects of 2D materials in electrochemical catalysis and gas sensing are discussed.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.202400143","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Lactic Fermentation in Ensuring the Safety and Extending the Shelf Life of African Indigenous Vegetables and Its Economic Potential","authors":"Irakoze Marie Lys","doi":"10.1002/appl.202400131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202400131","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lactic fermentation is a traditional preservation method that has been pivotal in enhancing the safety and extending the shelf life of various food products particularly where other technologies are not affordable. The present review paper explores the role of lactic fermentation in African Indigenous vegetables, emphasizing its impact on food safety and shelf life extension. The paper systematically examines the biochemical mechanisms of lactic acid bacteria in suppressing pathogenic microorganisms and spoilage organisms, thereby improving the safety and shelf life of these vegetables. Additionally, it briefly addresses how lactic fermentation contributes to the nutritional and sensory qualities of Indigenous vegetables, which are crucial for their marketability. The review further delves into the economic implications of integrating lactic fermentation of African Indigenous vegetables practices into local agricultural and food systems, considering aspects such as cost-effectiveness, market potential, and value addition of African Indigenous vegetables. By synthesizing the current research and practices, the paper highlights the dual benefits of lactic fermentation of African Indigenous vegetables in enhancing food security and creating economic opportunities in Africa. The findings suggest that leveraging traditional fermentation techniques could significantly bolster the shelf life, safety, and economic viability of African Indigenous vegetables, offering a sustainable approach to food preservation and economic development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.202400131","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of biocatalytic behavior of Shewanella sp. through electron transfer processes on effective treatment of beer brewing wastewater in a microbial fuel cell and power generation","authors":"Fatemeh Nourbakhsh,&nbsp;Fahameh Zolfagharzadeh,&nbsp;Mohammad Pazouki,&nbsp;Shahryar Jafarinejad","doi":"10.1002/appl.202400010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202400010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines the performance of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) utilizing <i>Shewanella</i> bacteria through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Exo-electrogen bacteria are key agents in an MFC. <i>Shewanella</i> sp. as a common exo-electrogen bacteria can transfer electrons from the cell surface through different electron transfer mechanisms. In this work, EIS was used to probe the effects of biofilms of <i>Shewanella</i> sp. and the solution of 10% V/V <i>Shewanella</i> on the MFC performance. This research investigates the effects of both microbial biofilms and <i>Shewanella</i> bacterial solutions on MFC efficacy. Findings revealed that biofilm formation on the anode surface significantly reduces anode charge transfer resistance, thereby enhancing power generation. Notably, a 10% <i>Shewanella</i> solution resulted in a 25% higher power density compared to the biofilm. Furthermore, the MFC demonstrated up to 80% chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency in treating brewery wastewater. The study underscores the viability of <i>Shewanella</i> bacterial solutions as an efficient alternative to biofilms, emphasizing their role in improving MFC performance and wastewater treatment efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.202400010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MD and DFT Calculations to Analyze Raman and SERS Spectra of Paraquat—From Computer Aided Spectra Interpretation to Pesticide Identification","authors":"Andrea Hermsen,&nbsp;Florian Hertel,&nbsp;Dominik Wilbert,&nbsp;Christian Mayer,&nbsp;Martin Jaeger","doi":"10.1002/appl.202400182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202400182","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The use of pesticides is an important practice in today's agricultural and nutritional supply chain worldwide. Their potentially harmful effects require rapid and reliable monitoring. As an emerging technology, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is paving its way through established methodologies. The Raman enhancing effect is based on the interaction of the analyte and nanoparticles prepared from noble metals. To better support and exploit analytical applications, the interaction between gold nanoparticles and the pesticide paraquat were studied. To this purpose, molecular dynamic calculations were performed with paraquat on single-crystal structures of gold at a distance of 3.4 Å and an intramolecular dihedral angle of 18.8° between the two paraquat ring systems. The molecular dynamic calculations showed that the two noble metal surface models exhibited only slight differences in their effects on paraquat. Experimental SERS spectra with gold nanoparticles were recorded and compared to the experimental Raman spectrum. The observed differences were further investigated using density functional theory calculations and reducing the gold cell to a gold cluster of 20 atoms. A co-planar orientation of paraquat to the gold cluster surface was thereby deduced. Based on an optimized paraquat geometry including a dihedral angle of 36.77° at a distance of 3.85 Å to the gold cluster, an excellent agreement between computed and experimental spectra was obtained. A head-on geometry was discarded due to spectral mismatch. This computational approach may help to analyze SERS spectra and make SERS further suitable for pesticide analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.202400182","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Honeycomb Geometrical Parameters on Equivalent Radiated Power and Frequency Response of Motor Casing and Gearbox Surface of a Powertrain","authors":"Aditya Ramachandra Hegde,&nbsp;P. V. Srihari,&nbsp;A. Bharatish,&nbsp;M. B. Venkat,&nbsp;B. R. Swastik Raj","doi":"10.1002/appl.202400060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202400060","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The powertrain, as a central source of noise and vibration, is crucial in determining the overall NVH (noise, vibration and harshness) performance of vehicles, necessitating the optimisation of its structural components for improved durability and passenger comfort. This paper investigates the influence of key geometrical parameters—cell thickness, skin thickness and cell length—on the complex frequency modes of honeycomb and square sandwich structures using the Altair OptiStruct solver 2022 and fast Fourier transform analyser. The driven and non-driven ends of a motor casing and a gearbox, represented by honeycomb structures and ribs, were subjected to an evaluation of equivalent radiated power (ERP). The results show that the square structure performs better at higher skin thickness when resisting severe lateral stresses than the honeycomb while being less stiff at higher cell thickness. Notably, smaller cell length had a substantial impact on the modes of the honeycomb structure, whereas larger cell length had an impact on the square structure. Response surface methodology was used to optimise the modal frequencies of both square and honeycomb panels simultaneously. An ideal cell length of 5.88 mm, skin thickness of 1.303 mm and cell thickness of 0.381 mm were found for the honeycomb construction, yielding a composite desirability of 0.981. On the other hand, with a cell length of 5.045 mm, skin thickness of 1.484 mm and cell thickness of 0.331 mm, the square structure achieved a composite desirability of 0.989. It is interesting to note that the driven end casing of the motor casing made more noise with the addition of ribs than the non-driven end and gearbox. But compared to the original powertrain model, adding a honeycomb structure resulted in a noise reduction of about 10%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.202400060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The HZB F2X-Facility—An Efficient Crystallographic Fragment Screening Platform","authors":"Tatjana Barthel,&nbsp;Laila Benz,&nbsp;Yara Basler,&nbsp;Thomas Crosskey,&nbsp;Alexander Dillmann,&nbsp;Ronald Förster,&nbsp;Paula Fröling,&nbsp;Camilla G. Dieguez,&nbsp;Christine Gless,&nbsp;Thomas Hauß,&nbsp;Michael Hellmig,&nbsp;Lea Jänisch,&nbsp;David James,&nbsp;Frank Lennartz,&nbsp;Jelena Mijatovic,&nbsp;Melanie Oelker,&nbsp;James W. Scanlan,&nbsp;Gert Weber,&nbsp;Jan Wollenhaupt,&nbsp;Uwe Mueller,&nbsp;Holger Dobbek,&nbsp;Markus C. Wahl,&nbsp;Manfred S. Weiss","doi":"10.1002/appl.202400110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202400110","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Crystallographic fragment screening (CFS) has recently matured into an important method for the early stages of drug discovery projects. It is based on high-throughput structure determination and thus requires a high degree of automation as well as specialized workflows and robust analysis tools. Consequently, large-scale research facilities such as synchrotrons have embraced the method, and developed platforms to perform CFS campaigns with the help of crystallography experts and specific tools. The BESSY II synchrotron, operated by the Helmholtz–Zentrum Berlin (HZB), is one of these synchrotron facilities that offer a CFS platform, named the F2X-facility. Here, the specialized F2X workflow is described along with the relevant differences to other existing CFS platforms, and the ongoing developments aimed at supporting users of the facility. The different stages of a CFS campaign including requirements, beamline capabilities, and the software environment are detailed and explained. A unique F2X-GO kit is featured, which allows users the possibility of performing all sample preparation in their home laboratories. Furthermore, at the HZB a computational workflow has been built to support users beyond the hit identification stage. The advantages of the F2X-facility at HZB are described and references are provided to successfully conduct CFS.</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"3 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.202400110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142764448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robot-assisted crack detection on complex shaped components using constant-speed scanning infrared thermography with laser line excitation","authors":"Nelson W. Pech-May,&nbsp;Julien Lecompagnon,&nbsp;Philipp Hirsch,&nbsp;Mathias Ziegler","doi":"10.1002/appl.202400007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202400007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Infrared thermography (IRT) using a focused laser is effective for surface defect detection. Nevertheless, testing complex-shaped components remains a challenging task. The state-of-the-art focuses on testing a limited region of interest rather than the full sample. Thus, detection and location of surface defects has been less researched. Most attempts require a manual scan of the full sample, which makes it hard to reconstruct the full scanned surface. Here, we introduce a reliable workflow for crack detection and semi-automated inspection of complex-shaped components using IRT excited with a laser line. A 6-axis robot arm is used for moving the sample in front of the setup. This approach has been tested on a section of a rail and a gear, both containing defects due to heavy use. Crack detection is based on the segmentation of thermograms obtained by Fourier transform of sorted temperatures. Moreover, texture mapping is used to visualize a reconstructed thermogram on the 3D model of the sample. Our approach illustrates a reliable process towards the digitalization of thermographic testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.202400007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accelerated solvent extraction of apomorphine from Nymphaea caerulea (Blue Water Lily) products: A proof-of-concept Green extraction for plant materials","authors":"Rohith Krishna,&nbsp;Anirudha Dixit,&nbsp;Ketan Patil,&nbsp;Shalvi Agrawal,&nbsp;Jilja Joseph,&nbsp;Astha Pandey,&nbsp;Mahipal Singh Sankhla","doi":"10.1002/appl.202400122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202400122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Nymphaea caerulea</i> (Blue water lily) is an esthetically pleasing aquatic plant which is widely located across India and Africa. The blue water lily contains an alkaloid called apomorphine which is said to be a sedative, and a nonselective dopamine agonist and is now available in the local and online market in the form of powders and oils for various applications such as sleeping aid, anxiety reliever and sexual performance enhancer. These properties are abused by the consumption of <i>Nymphaea caerulea</i> to achieve a state of “high” which has led the categorization of the same as a novel psychoactive substance. In this paper, a rapid mass spectral analysis was performed for the preliminary screening of commercially available blue water lily products using the Waters Radian as soon as possible instrument, followed by the high performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array method development and validation of the samples for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of apomorphine. Accelerated solvent extraction as a green alternative to the conventional soxhlet extraction was used in the extraction of the plant material. The method was finally screened for its greenness using the Complex green analytical procedure index method. The method was validated with a linearity of 0.9973; limit of detection and limit of quantitation of 0.02 and 0.18 µg/mL, respectively. The method was able to detect and quantitate apomorphine in two samples from the commercially available natural products of <i>Nymphaea caerulea</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.202400122","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142869125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impedance-based monitoring of titration and neutralization assays with VSV-G and SARS-CoV-2-spike pseudoviruses","authors":"Anne-Kathrin Mildner,&nbsp;Sebastian Einhauser,&nbsp;Stefanie Michaelis,&nbsp;Klara Rogalla v. Bieberstein,&nbsp;Ralf Wagner,&nbsp;Joachim Wegener","doi":"10.1002/appl.202400097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202400097","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Since cell-based virus neutralization assays are still the gold standard to assess a patient's immune protection against a given virus, they are of utmost importance for serodiagnosis, convalescent plasma therapy, and vaccine development. Monitoring the emergence and characteristics of neutralizing antibodies in an outbreak situation, confirming neutralizing antibodies as correlates of protection from infection and testing vaccine-induced potency of neutralizing antibody responses, quests for automated, fast, and parallel neutralization assays. We developed an impedance-based sensor platform (electric cell-substrate impedance sensing, ECIS) providing time-resolved monitoring of the host cell response to viral pseudotypes. For validation, the impedance assay was compared with state-of-the-art quantification of virus-induced reporter protein expression as an independent indicator of virus infection and neutralization. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) derived pseudoviruses encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP) as reporter and the autologous G protein (VSV-G) for the initial binding to the host cell membrane were used for monitoring of HEK293T cell infection and neutralization with both, impedance and optical readout. Virus-induced cytopathic effects (CPE) were detectable for low pseudotype concentrations (multiplicity of infection 1) in time-resolved impedance profiles as soon as 5–10 h after infection in a concentration-dependent manner. Neutralization efficacy of α-VSV-G antibodies was determined from impedance time courses and IC₅₀ values compared favorably with fluorescence measurements of virus-borne GFP expression. Sera of convalescent COVID-19 patients were tested successfully for SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies by incubating VSV, pseudotyped with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, with different sera before host cell exposure and impedance recordings. In summary: (i) ECIS monitoring was successfully applied to detect virus-mediated cell infection and neutralization; (ii) Impedance-based monitoring allows reducing the assay time to 5–10 h; and (iii) the platform is easily adapted to other virus-based diseases and scalable to high-throughput.</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"3 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.202400097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142764411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive analysis of photovoltaic panel integrated thermoelectric cooling system for enhanced power generation","authors":"Rahul Chandel,&nbsp;Shyam Singh Chandel,&nbsp;Deo Prasad,&nbsp;Ram Prakash Dwivedi","doi":"10.1002/appl.202400100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.202400100","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The integrated photovoltaic-thermoelectric cooling systems (PV-TECS) can be used to enhance the performance and life expectancy of commercial PV power plants for sustainable power generation. The objective of the study is to assess the efficacy of PV-TECS to address these concerns. In this study, computational fluid dynamics/finite element method analysis and experimental investigation of photovoltaic micro-modules (PVMM-2) with a thermoelectric cooling system and a reference system without it (PVMM-1), is carried out under real outdoor conditions. The logged data and infrared thermal imaging analysis results show that thermoelectric cooling is very effective in maintaining a consistent PV back temperature difference of 18.24°C between PVMM-2 and the reference system, even reaching subzero temperature when the reference module operates close to 60°C. The simulated results are found to be in close agreement with the experimental results (<i>R</i>² values of 0.83 and 0.94) which allows accurate prediction of system performance under actual solar loading conditions. Further analysis shows that PV-TECS can be effectively used in photovoltaic power plants for efficiency enhancement with a gain in the range of 1%–22% for a monocrystalline PV module depending on location and type of integration. The study is of interest for further research to develop industrial applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"3 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.202400100","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142764402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}