Applied Research最新文献

{"title":"Comprehensive Mechanical Property Evaluation and Statistical Regression Modeling of AZ91/Graphene Composites After T6 Heat Treatment and Equal Channel Angular Pressing","authors":"Yudhistira Adityawardhana,&nbsp;Song-Jeng Huang","doi":"10.1002/appl.70151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70151","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The AZ91 magnesium alloy serves as an excellent base material for magnesium matrix composites reinforced with graphene—a carbon-based material renowned for its ability to enhance mechanical strength. The composites were fabricated via the stir casting process. The materials were subjected to T6 heat treatment and ECAP (Equal Channel Angular Pressing) to further improve their mechanical properties. Their mechanical performance was evaluated through tensile and hardness tests, with the results represented by stress–strain curves. The fact that the plastic region is larger than the elastic region in both the T6 and ECAP conditions indicates that the material is more ductile. The best-performing material in tensile testing was AZ91‑0.2 wt% graphene in the ECAP 1‑pass condition. Furthermore, the relationship between microhardness and UTS was mostly polynomial, and the relationship between crystallite size and both microhardness and UTS values was inverse.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148616561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Critical Water Film Thickness for Ultra-Wide Expressway Pavements to Improve Road Safety","authors":"Quanjun Shen,&nbsp;Bori Cong,&nbsp;Xiaoge Ji,&nbsp;Li Li","doi":"10.1002/appl.70153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70153","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To address the difficulty in accurately evaluating rain-induced surface water accumulation and hydroplaning risk in superelevation transition sections of ultra-wide expressways, this study proposes a water film thickness (WFT) prediction method that considers critical WFT and roadway geometric conditions. First, a three-dimensional finite element model coupling the tire, water film, and pavement was developed. Different tire angular velocities were applied to simulate vehicle operating conditions, and the effects of tread depth, vehicle speed, and WFT on hydrodynamic pressure were analyzed. Based on this analysis, the critical WFT corresponding to different vehicle speeds was determined. Subsequently, a numerical simulation model of pavement water film in superelevation transition sections was established. The effects of rainfall intensity, longitudinal slope, cross slope, pavement width, superelevation transition rate, and mean texture depth on WFT were systematically investigated. Finally, using the numerical simulation results as the dataset, a WFT prediction model based on a genetic algorithm-optimized back-propagation (GA-BP) neural network was developed and validated through indoor artificial rainfall experiments. The results show that the critical WFT corresponding to design speeds of 80, 100, and 120 km/h were 9.74, 6.97, and 4.03 mm, respectively. The influence of the investigated factors on WFT followed the order of longitudinal slope, rainfall intensity, pavement width, superelevation transition rate, cross slope, and mean texture depth. The coefficient of determination of the multiple linear regression model was only 0.38, while that of the back propagation neural network model was 0.82. In contrast, the GA-BP neural network model achieved a coefficient of determination of 0.98, with a maximum prediction error of less than 2 mm. In addition, the coefficient of determination between the indoor experimental measurements and model predictions reached 0.90. These findings indicate that the proposed GA-BP WFT prediction model has high accuracy and stability. This approach enables the identification of potential ponding and hydroplaning risks in superelevation transition sections of ultra-wide expressways and provides a reference for wet-weather driving safety assessment and roadway drainage design.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70153","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148616355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpretable Artificial Intelligence Framework for Predicting Concrete Creep Compliance Based on CatBoost and SHAP","authors":"Jiongju Hao,&nbsp;Hanzheng Sun","doi":"10.1002/appl.70149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70149","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Creep compliance of concrete is an important parameter to evaluate the long-term deformation of concrete structures under sustained load. Based on the Northwestern University concrete creep and shrinkage database, this paper establishes a prediction and interpretation framework based on CatBoost. After data filtering, feature engineering and logarithmic transformation of target variables, four regression models of CatBoost, XGBoost, LightGBM and CNN-LSTM were trained by using the same input features and the same training set and test set. The performance of the model was evaluated by R², RMSE and MAPE, and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis was used to explain the predictive behavior of CatBoost. The test results show that CatBoost has the best overall prediction performance, with R² of 0.912, RMSE of 7.335, and MAPE of 17.6%. The measured and predicted values of CatBoost are mainly distributed near the ideal fitting line, indicating that it has more stable prediction ability than XGBoost, LightGBM and CNN-LSTM. The prediction results of representative specimens further show that CatBoost can reproduce the development process of creep compliance with loading duration. SHAP analysis shows that 28-day compressive strength, water-binder ratio and loading duration are the three most important variables affecting the prediction results of the model. Higher compressive strength generally decreases the predicted creep compliance, while higher water-binder ratio and longer loading duration increase the predicted value. The results demonstrate that the proposed framework can provide both accurate prediction and interpretable analysis for concrete creep compliance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148848985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of TC–TTS-Modified Steel Slag Powder on Pavement Performance of Asphalt Mastic and Asphalt Mixture","authors":"Yuxing Wu,&nbsp;Wen Li,&nbsp;Weiwen Quan,&nbsp;Kang Jiang,&nbsp;Quan Li,&nbsp;Kefei Liu","doi":"10.1002/appl.70146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70146","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To verify the feasibility of replacing mineral filler with steel slag powder in asphalt mixtures, surface modification was performed on two steel slag powders from different sources (Liansteel powder and Xiangsteel powder) using a TC–TTS titanate coupling agent. The physicochemical properties and micromorphology of the modified steel slag powders were systematically studied. The physical, rheological, chemical, and thermal properties of the modified steel slag powder asphalt mastics at filler–bitumen ratios of 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 were analyzed, and the pavement performance of the modified steel slag powder asphalt mixtures was verified. The results indicate that TC–TTS modification significantly reduces the plasticity index of steel slag powder (by 35%–42%), thereby meeting the specification requirements. The crack resistance of the modified steel slag powder asphalt mastic is more than 20% higher than that of the mineral filler mastic, and its glass transition temperature decreases by 1.3°C–2.7°C. Chemisorption occurs between the modified steel slag powder and asphalt, forming a Si–O–Si network structure that markedly enhances the low-temperature toughness of the mastic. The steel slag powder asphalt mixture achieves an improvement in low-temperature crack resistance exceeding 10% and exhibits superior low-temperature aging resistance. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the high-value utilization of steel slag powder in asphalt pavement engineering.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70146","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148848986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Experiment of EDM Wire Cut on AZ31 Magnesium Alloy","authors":"Muhammad Syafiq Iskandar Rosni,&nbsp;Muhammad Al'Hapis Abdul Razak,&nbsp;Mohamad Sazali Said,&nbsp;Jum'azulhisham Abdul Shukor,&nbsp;Turnad Lenggo Ginta,&nbsp;Muizuddin Azka,&nbsp;Sadaqat Ali,&nbsp;Krishnan Subramaniam,&nbsp;Fahmi Fahmi","doi":"10.1002/appl.70145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70145","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The AZ31 magnesium alloy has become quite popular in the aerospace industry as well as in the automotive sector because of its high strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance properties. However, the magnesium alloy's tendency for being highly reactive, having low thermal stability, and ignitability causes conventional machining processes to be quite challenging. Wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is a non-contact machining technique that can serve this purpose by using sparks of electricity to remove material from the workpiece. Nonetheless, very few studies have focused on understanding the effects of the WEDM process parameters on the machinability of AZ31 magnesium alloys. This study examines the preliminary effects of three key WEDM parameters, <i>T</i>_on, <i>T</i>_off, and SV, on the machining of AZ31 magnesium alloys. The experiments were performed on the FANUC series of wire EDM machines using a 0.25 mm wire electrode made of brass under two parameter conditions, one representing low discharge energy and the other representing high discharge energy. The surface roughness was evaluated by utilizing a Mitutoyo SJ-310 surface roughness tester, and the machining time was determined by obtaining the value directly from the machine interface. The experimental result shows that lower energy (<i>T</i>_on= 10 µs, <i>T</i>_off = 12 µs, SV = 15 V) led to a smoother surface finish, that is, a surface roughness of 4.012 µm and lower machining time, 91 s, as compared to higher energy, which gave a surface roughness value of 4.605 µm with machining time of 201 s. From these experimental results, it can be observed that the AZ31 magnesium alloy is extremely susceptible to excess discharge energy during WEDM, resulting in increased thermal erosion and poor surface finish. The initial results obtained from this experiment will prove valuable in future studies for optimizing the machining process statistically by employing the Taguchi method.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70145","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148615868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational Analysis of Mass Loading Effects in Multilayer SAW Resonators With Variable IDT Thickness","authors":"Ashish Tiwary,&nbsp;Jitendra Kumar,&nbsp;Basudeba Behera","doi":"10.1002/appl.70150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70150","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study reports a computational modeling and analysis of one-port multilayer surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators, with the investigation of the mass loading effect due to variation of Interdigital Transducer (IDT) thickness. In this paper, a sensing mechanism has been proposed that utilizes an improved mass-loading effect on two different IDT materials, i.e., aluminum (Al) and gold (Au), resulting in much higher sensitivity as compared to other IDT materials used earlier. This mechanism relies on a greatly improved mass-loading effect of both electrodes formed directly on the piezoelectric substrate. The thickness variation for both the IDT electrodes ranges from 0.1 μm &lt; h_IDT &lt; 0.5 μm. Due to the Al IDT thickness variation, the resonant frequency (<i>f</i>_<i>r</i>) reduces from 900.71 MHz to 889.19 MHz, whereas the thickness of the other Au IDT results in a decrease of fr from 834.64 MHz to 627.21 MHz. The corresponding mass sensitivity for both the devices with different IDT materials was compared, and finite element analysis (FEA) of device parameters, phase velocity (<i>v</i>_<i>p</i>), admittance (Y11), electromechanical coupling coefficient (K²), Q factor, and S-parameters (S11) were computed. The findings presented in this proposed work serve as a valuable resource to optimize SAW resonator designs for a wide array of sensing and communication systems, advancing the state-of-the-art in these fields.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70150","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148615867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular-Level Design of Organic and Emerging Porous Framework Cathodes for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries","authors":"Zhihan Sun,&nbsp;Wenbo Sun,&nbsp;Tianhao Yu,&nbsp;Shaojie Zhang,&nbsp;Huayang Zhou,&nbsp;Yang Wang","doi":"10.1002/appl.70144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70144","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are increasingly recognized as a highly pragmatic and imperative trajectory for sustainable, grid-scale electrochemical energy storage. The global transition toward renewable energy mandates storage systems that circumvent the thermal runaway hazards, severe supply chain fragilities, and prohibitive costs inherent to non-aqueous lithium-ion systems. However, the commercial deployment of AZIBs is fundamentally bottlenecked by the intrinsic physical chemistry limitations of traditional inorganic cathodes. During the repeated intercalation of multivalent Zn²⁺ ions, these dense, rigid frameworks routinely suffer from intense electrostatic diffusion barriers, irreversible lattice strain, and thermodynamically driven transition metal dissolution. To overcome the unyielding rigidity of inorganic crystal lattices, a profound paradigm shift has directed contemporary materials science toward the atomic-level molecular design of soft organic small molecules, extended polymeric networks, and emerging highly porous frameworks—specifically two-dimensional transition metal carbides/nitride, metal-organic frameworks, and covalent organic frameworks. These materials possess structural tunability, intrinsic mechanical flexibility, and an abundance of customizable redox-active sites. This comprehensive review provides a highly granular, physical chemistry-driven analysis of the charge storage mechanisms inherent to these soft and porous architectures. We meticulously track the transition from classical solid-state intercalation models to dynamic coordination/chelating chemistry, synergistic proton/zinc co-storage, and surface-dominated pseudocapacitive kinetics. Furthermore, we critically evaluate cutting-edge molecular engineering strategies—encompassing frontier molecular orbital modulation, backbone conjugation extension, dynamic covalent cross-linking, reticular structural design, and spatial nanoconfinement—that have been deployed to eradicate active material dissolution and amplify intrinsic electronic conductivity. We specifically focus on the critical advancements made between 2020 and 2026, leveraging insights from advanced in-situ and operando characterization techniques. Finally, we address the translational macro-engineering hurdles associated with these materials, particularly evaluating the volumetric energy density trade-off, low tap density implications, and high-loading thick electrode compatibility, proposing a data-driven blueprint for the industrialization of next-generation organic and framework-based AZIBs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70144","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148615761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Active–Passive Strategy for Enhanced Dropwise Condensation via Hybrid Surfaces With Mechanical Vibration","authors":"Julio Lukmanul Ardi,&nbsp;I Made Miasa,&nbsp;Adhika Widyaparaga,&nbsp;Muhammad Agung Bramantya,&nbsp;Reza Bachmid","doi":"10.1002/appl.70142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70142","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Water scarcity has become a critical global issue due to the continuous increase in clean water demand. Atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) through condensation offers a promising and sustainable alternative. However, its performance is often limited by inefficient droplet shedding. Accumulated droplets increase thermal resistance, block active nucleation sites, and reduce the overall water collection rate. Although surface modifications have been developed to improve nucleation and droplet transport, challenges such as contact line pinning and delayed droplet release remain significant. This study proposes a synergistic enhancement strategy by integrating passive and active approaches through hybrid patterned surfaces combined with mechanical vibration. The hybrid surface forming a leaf-like pattern was created in two ways first, by polishing with 1000-grit sandpaper to create a hydrophilic surface. After that, a pattern resembling a leaf-like pattern was created at a 45-degree angle using a seal type to cover the hydrophilic surface. Then, the gaps between the patterns were coated using a nano-ceramic liquid coating to create a hydrophobic area that functions to accelerate the fall of water droplets. Experiments were conducted at a relative humidity of 80% ± 5%. Periodic mechanical vibrations were applied using sinusoidal sweep mode (80–1000 Hz) and monofrequency operation at 240 Hz. The results demonstrate that mechanical vibration accelerates droplet coalescence and shedding, thereby reducing thermal resistance and decreasing the critical droplet size for detachment. Compared to the no-vibration condition, the water collection rate increased from 151 to 272 g/m² h under monofrequency vibration at 240 Hz, corresponding to a 79% enhancement in heat transfer coefficient. These findings confirm that the integration of hybrid surfaces and controlled mechanical vibration effectively improves condensation performance and enhances the efficiency of atmospheric water harvesting systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70142","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148615540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpretable Machine Learning-Based Quantification of the Influence of As-Constructed Air Voids on IRI of Asphalt Pavement","authors":"Peixuan Lin,&nbsp;Fan Gu","doi":"10.1002/appl.70140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70140","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Investigating the impact of as-constructed air voids (AV_s) on the long-term evolution of asphalt pavement International Roughness Index (IRI) through field tests is severely constrained by prohibitive monitoring costs. Furthermore, the complex coupling effects of environmental aging and traffic-induced secondary compaction make it exceptionally challenging to isolate the specific contribution of AV_s to IRI progression. Based on the Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) database, this study utilizes mainstream machine learning (ML) models to develop a comprehensive predictive framework for long-term IRI evolution. A rule-based data cleaning procedure guided by pavement deterioration theory was first implemented to eliminate physically inconsistent anomalous observations. Evaluation results demonstrated that this cleaning strategy effectively enhanced the validation performance across all candidate models, with the multilayer perceptron (MLP) model exhibiting the highest predictive accuracy and generalization capability. The Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) framework was introduced based on the selected MLP model to conduct interpretability analysis, verifying that the data-driven feature mappings were consistent with established engineering principles. On this basis, a synthetic input matrix was constructed to quantitatively evaluate the model-estimated marginal influence of AV_s on long-term IRI progression. Under the controlled baseline scenario, the model-predicted influence of AV_s on the IRI exhibits a non-monotonic U-shaped trend, with an AV_s content of approximately 6% yielding the lowest predicted IRI. Ultimately, this study bridges the gap between methodological interpretability and practical application, providing a model-based exploratory framework for compaction quality control in pavement construction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148615539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-Temperature Cracking Resistance of Bamboo Tar–Based Rejuvenated Asphalt Based on Viscoelastic Rheology","authors":"Haopeng Lu,&nbsp;Weiwen Quan,&nbsp;Kang Jiang,&nbsp;Kefei Liu","doi":"10.1002/appl.70141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/appl.70141","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigated the low-temperature viscoelastic behavior and cracking resistance of bamboo tar–based rejuvenated asphalt. Original 70# asphalt, bamboo tar–based rejuvenated asphalt, and HLJ-3 rejuvenated asphalt were tested using a bending beam rheometer at −6°C, −12°C, and −18°C. The Burgers, three-parameter solid, and four-parameter solid models were employed to characterize the creep response, and the low-temperature performance was evaluated using the S/m index, performance recovery rate, and gray relational analysis. The results show that the bamboo tar–based rejuvenator reduced the creep stiffness and improved the stress relaxation capacity of aged asphalt. Across the tested temperature range, the low-temperature performance recovery rate of bamboo tar–based rejuvenated asphalt reached 83.6%–91.0%, which was higher than that of HLJ-3 rejuvenated asphalt. All three viscoelastic models fitted the BBR creep curves with <i>R</i>² values greater than 0.98, among which the Burgers model showed the best overall fitting performance. Gray relational analysis indicated that the instantaneous elastic modulus was closely associated with the low-temperature cracking resistance of asphalt. These findings suggest that bamboo tar–based rejuvenator can effectively regulate the low-temperature viscoelastic response of aged asphalt and provide a potential material option for recycled asphalt pavements in cold regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100109,"journal":{"name":"Applied Research","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/appl.70141","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148467668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}