Applications of Surface Science最新文献

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Determination of the morphology and effective optical constants of non-ideal thin films 非理想薄膜的形貌和有效光学常数的测定
Applications of Surface Science Pub Date : 1985-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/0378-5963(85)90213-2
D.F. Neely, T.L. Tansley, C.P. Foley
{"title":"Determination of the morphology and effective optical constants of non-ideal thin films","authors":"D.F. Neely,&nbsp;T.L. Tansley,&nbsp;C.P. Foley","doi":"10.1016/0378-5963(85)90213-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0378-5963(85)90213-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Optical techniques are widely used as non-destructive methods for determining the thickness and effective optical constants of vacuum deposited thin films. Implicit inmany such analyses is the use of an ideal morphological model of a thin film. The morphology of vacuum deposited thin films, however, may be far from ideal. The influence of morphological features on normal incidence reflectance and transmittance spectra of thin films is discussed. In particular, the interpretation of the non-ideal surface of a thin film as either a region giving rise to scattering of incident light or, by applying effective medium theory, as a region of graded refractive index will be considered. The results of a comparative study of the normal incidence reflectance and transmittance spectra of a number of sputtered thin films using both surface scattering and surface region of graded refractive index models is presented. It is shown that the latter model is preferred for films with surface features with dimensions of up to a considerable fraction of wavelength. The implications of these normal incidence results for ellipsometric measurements are also discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100105,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Surface Science","volume":"22 ","pages":"Pages 804-812"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0378-5963(85)90213-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86142387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Roughening transitions on the helium crystal-superfluid interface 氦晶体-超流体界面上的粗化转变
Applications of Surface Science Pub Date : 1985-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/0378-5963(85)90203-X
A.V. Babkin, K.O. Keshishev, D.B. Kopeliovich, A.Ya. Parshin
{"title":"Roughening transitions on the helium crystal-superfluid interface","authors":"A.V. Babkin,&nbsp;K.O. Keshishev,&nbsp;D.B. Kopeliovich,&nbsp;A.Ya. Parshin","doi":"10.1016/0378-5963(85)90203-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0378-5963(85)90203-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We have studied the equilibrium shapes of large <sup>4</sup>He crystals at two different roughening transitions (<em>T</em><sub>R1</sub> = 1.2 K, <em>T</em><sub>R2</sub> = 0.9 K) by a simple optical technique. The method used provides the temperature and angular dependences of the surface stiffness. The measured surface stiffness appears to be constant in the close vicinities of the roughening transitions (|<em>T</em>−<em>T</em><sub>R</sub>| ∼ 0.001−0.05<em>T</em><sub>R</sub>, <em>ϕ</em> ∼ 0.005−0.1), in strong disagreement with two current theories, viz., the phenomenological “mean field theory” and the lattice model calculations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100105,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Surface Science","volume":"22 ","pages":"Pages 696-704"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0378-5963(85)90203-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75725151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of oxidized pyrrhotite surfaces 氧化磁黄铁矿表面的x射线光电子能谱
Applications of Surface Science Pub Date : 1985-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/0378-5963(85)90061-3
A.N. Buckley, R. Woods
{"title":"X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of oxidized pyrrhotite surfaces","authors":"A.N. Buckley,&nbsp;R. Woods","doi":"10.1016/0378-5963(85)90061-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0378-5963(85)90061-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The oxidation of fracture surfaces of a pyrrhotite mineral of composition Fe<sub>0.89</sub>S at ambient conditions in air has been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Fe(2p) and Fe(3p) spectra indicated that iron had diffused from the outermost layers of the mineral lattice to form a hydrated iron(III) oxide or hydro-oxide. The corresponding S(2p) spectrum exhibited a shifted component at a binding energy increasing with time of exposure. It is considered that this component arises from the formation of iron-deficient sulfides with the iron content decreasing with increasing oxidation time.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100105,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Surface Science","volume":"22 ","pages":"Pages 280-287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0378-5963(85)90061-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81907855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 82
Electron surface barrier structure from analysis of barrier scattering features in LEED 从LEED中势垒散射特征分析电子表面势垒结构
Applications of Surface Science Pub Date : 1985-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/0378-5963(85)90035-2
M.N. Read
{"title":"Electron surface barrier structure from analysis of barrier scattering features in LEED","authors":"M.N. Read","doi":"10.1016/0378-5963(85)90035-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0378-5963(85)90035-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High resolution LEED intensity data from Cu(001), showing barrier scattering features within ∼ 3 eV from a beam threshold, have been analyzed with a two parameter “modified image barrier” (MIB) model and a three parameter “saturated image barrier” (SIB) model. It is found that a range of values of <em>z</em><sub>0</sub>, the origin of the image potential tail, in the MIB model can provide a fit of experimental maxima and minima energy locations to within 0.3 eV. With the SIB model, there is a multiplicity of values of <em>z</em><sub>0</sub> (and corresponding value of <em>U</em><sub>s</sub>, the value of the potential with respect to the vacuum level at the jellium discontinuity), which can provide a fit to that data to 0.3 eV. Fits to within 0.05 eV were also obtained with parameters outside the values determined by previous authors. It is concluded that the validity of each model and the determination of <em>z</em><sub>0</sub> can only be found from such experimental data if it is fitted to at least 0.05 eV.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100105,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Surface Science","volume":"22 ","pages":"Pages 48-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0378-5963(85)90035-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86226194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The growth and structure of RF sputtered indium tin oxide thin films 射频溅射氧化铟锡薄膜的生长与结构
Applications of Surface Science Pub Date : 1985-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/0378-5963(85)90200-4
K. Sreenivas, Abhai Mansingh
{"title":"The growth and structure of RF sputtered indium tin oxide thin films","authors":"K. Sreenivas,&nbsp;Abhai Mansingh","doi":"10.1016/0378-5963(85)90200-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0378-5963(85)90200-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Indium tin oxide films have been grown by reactively sputtering an indium/tin metallic alloy target in argon-oxygen mixtures. Growth parameters and annealing conditions have been optimized at low temperatures. Reactively sputtered oxide films were highly insulating and did require a post-deposition annealing treatment in a reducing ambient, to become highly transparent and conducting. A new annealing ambient, cracked ammonia, has been found to be very effective and economical. Films have been characterized for their structure and morphology by electron diffraction and scanning electron microscopy respectively. Relative advantages of annealing in cracked ammonia over nitrogen-hydrogen mixtures employed by other workers have been discussed. Films with preferred orientation, high optical transmission (∼ 95%) and low electrical resistivity (3 × 10<sup>−4</sup> ω cm) have been obtained.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100105,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Surface Science","volume":"22 ","pages":"Pages 670-680"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0378-5963(85)90200-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87640495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
A composite insulator structure for VLSI multilevel metallization 一种用于VLSI多层金属化的复合绝缘子结构
Applications of Surface Science Pub Date : 1985-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/0378-5963(85)90233-8
George S. Gati
{"title":"A composite insulator structure for VLSI multilevel metallization","authors":"George S. Gati","doi":"10.1016/0378-5963(85)90233-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0378-5963(85)90233-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dense and complex circuit layouts in integrated circuits often require multilevel interconnecting wiring. At IBM East Fishkill sputtered SiO<sub>2</sub> is used to provide insulation between the wiring levels. Defects in the insulating layers can result in interlevel shorts (ILS). If a projection from one metal layer is inadequately covered with the insulator it may short to the metal layer above. Since the inadequacy of coverage is a result of the non-conformal coating that results from sputter deposition, a relatively thin layer of conformal PECVD Si<sub><em>x</em></sub>N<sub><em>y</em></sub> deposited upon the top of the SiO<sub>2</sub> will provide adequate insulation over projections. Electrical testing of special test patterns showed significant improvement in ILS using the structure described.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100105,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Surface Science","volume":"22 ","pages":"Pages 997-1003"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0378-5963(85)90233-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89684301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Cluster size and spatial distributions in gold deposits on NaCl surfaces NaCl表面上金矿的团簇大小及空间分布
Applications of Surface Science Pub Date : 1985-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/0378-5963(85)90187-4
J.L. Robins, H.S. Mortlock, D.G. Howard
{"title":"Cluster size and spatial distributions in gold deposits on NaCl surfaces","authors":"J.L. Robins,&nbsp;H.S. Mortlock,&nbsp;D.G. Howard","doi":"10.1016/0378-5963(85)90187-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0378-5963(85)90187-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A study has been made of the size and spatial distribution of the clusters of atoms which form and contribute to film growth when gold is deposited onto ultrahigh vacuum cleaved NaCl surfaces. The observations are used to investigate the existence of interparticle forces between the clusters, and the role of such forces in producing preferred cluster spacings and coalescence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100105,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Surface Science","volume":"22 ","pages":"Pages 565-573"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0378-5963(85)90187-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73536557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Effect of laser annealing on the structural, electrical and optical properties of CdTe thin films 激光退火对CdTe薄膜结构、电学和光学性能的影响
Applications of Surface Science Pub Date : 1985-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/0378-5963(85)90218-1
A.L. Dawar , C. Jagadish, K.V. Ferdinand, Anil Kumar , P.C. Mathur
{"title":"Effect of laser annealing on the structural, electrical and optical properties of CdTe thin films","authors":"A.L. Dawar ,&nbsp;C. Jagadish,&nbsp;K.V. Ferdinand,&nbsp;Anil Kumar ,&nbsp;P.C. Mathur","doi":"10.1016/0378-5963(85)90218-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0378-5963(85)90218-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>CdTe films of 0.7 μm thickness were deposited by a resistive heating onto glass and KBr substrates kept at 200°C. The films were irradiated with laser pulses of various energy densities. A pulsed lase (Nd: YAG) capable of producing 20 ns pulses of wavelength 1.06 μm with varying energy densities (2–50 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>) was employed. The films were examined by TEM and X-ray diffraction and found to be polycrystalline. DC conductivity and Hall coefficient measurements were made on the films in the temperature range 77–400 K. The optical energy gap has been calculated using the optical transmission spectra.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100105,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Surface Science","volume":"22 ","pages":"Pages 846-858"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0378-5963(85)90218-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74087228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Modeling of dopant incorporation, segregation, and ion/surface interaction effects during semiconductor film growth by molecular beam epitaxy and plasma-based techniques 用分子束外延和等离子体技术模拟半导体薄膜生长过程中掺杂剂掺入、偏析和离子/表面相互作用效应
Applications of Surface Science Pub Date : 1985-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/0378-5963(85)90184-9
J.E. Greene , S.A. Barnett , A. Rockett , G. Bajor
{"title":"Modeling of dopant incorporation, segregation, and ion/surface interaction effects during semiconductor film growth by molecular beam epitaxy and plasma-based techniques","authors":"J.E. Greene ,&nbsp;S.A. Barnett ,&nbsp;A. Rockett ,&nbsp;G. Bajor","doi":"10.1016/0378-5963(85)90184-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0378-5963(85)90184-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A model describing the incorporation of dopants into single crystals films grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) is presented. The model accounts for dopant surface segregation during deposition and allows dopant incorporation probabilities and depth profiles to be calculated as a function of film growth conditions (e.g. deposition rate, dopant beam flux, and growth temperature, <em>T</em><sub>s</sub>). Input data to the model include thermodynamic parameters such as the free energy of segregation and dopant-surface binding energies together with kinetic parameters such as incident fluxes and dopant diffusivities. The model is applied here to the case of thermal doping during MBE with impurities exhibiting strong surface segregation and near-unity incorporation probabilities, σ, as well as those exhibiting both strong segregation and temperature-dependent σ values. In addition, an extension of the model is used to account for accelerated-ion doping during MBE. Calculated values of σ(<em>T</em><sub>s</sub>) and calculated depth profiles were found to agree very well with available experimental results in these cases. Finally, dopant incorporation data for epitaxial semiconductors deposited in glow discharge environments in which the growing film is bombarded by relatively large fluxes of inert gas ions as well as by ionized dopant species are presented and discussed. The results in this case are similar to low flux ion doping in MBE but with the additional effects of preferential sputtering and collisional mixing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100105,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Surface Science","volume":"22 ","pages":"Pages 520-544"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0378-5963(85)90184-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76520042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 43
Surface barrier studies with LEED fine structure analysis 基于LEED精细结构分析的表面屏障研究
Applications of Surface Science Pub Date : 1985-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/0378-5963(85)90034-0
P.J. Jennings, R.O. Jones
{"title":"Surface barrier studies with LEED fine structure analysis","authors":"P.J. Jennings,&nbsp;R.O. Jones","doi":"10.1016/0378-5963(85)90034-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0378-5963(85)90034-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The application of LEED fine structure analysis to the study of the surface potential energy barrier is reviewed. Analysis of data for W(001) and W(110) using a saturated image barrier model demonstrates the adequacy of the model and provides further details of the barrier structure. The computational model and the results of the analysis are compared with recent theories of the metal-vacuum interface. The present evidence suggests that jellium calculations provide a qualitatively correct picture of the barrier on transition metal surfaces. LEED fine structures analysis also appears to be a promising direct method for further studies of surface barriers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100105,"journal":{"name":"Applications of Surface Science","volume":"22 ","pages":"Pages 35-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0378-5963(85)90034-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76722563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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