Applications in Energy and Combustion Science最新文献

{"title":"Spray-flame synthesis of Nb-doped TiO2 nanoparticles and their electrochemical performance in sodium-ion batteries","authors":"Alexander Eitner ,&nbsp;Ahmed K. Al-Kamal ,&nbsp;Md Yusuf Ali ,&nbsp;Mohammed-Ali Sheikh ,&nbsp;Christof Schulz ,&nbsp;Hartmut Wiggers","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>TiO₂ nanomaterials are attractive anode materials in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) and doping with niobium is known to improve the electronic conductivity as well as the kinetics of the de-/intercalation of Na⁺ ions. These effects are related to the formation of defects and lattice widening, leading to improved rate capability and stability. We report single-step synthesis of niobium-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles by scalable spray-flame synthesis from titanium(IV) isopropoxide (TTIP) dissolved in mixtures of ethanol and ethyl hexanoic acid. Niobium(V) ethoxide was identified as the preferred precursor and materials with varying Nb/Ti ratios were synthesized. SEM/EDX analysis of the as-synthesized powders confirmed Nb/Ti ratios near to the target ratios determined by the precursor mixture. XRD with Rietveld refinement revealed the dependence of the lattice parameters on doping. The materials synthesized mainly consist of anatase with a minor contribution of rutile and Nb₂O₅ at higher doping concentration. The increase of lattice parameters with higher Nb/Ti ratios, the formation of Nb-O-Ti bonds, and the detected main oxidation state of +5 of Nb indicate successful incorporation of Nb⁵⁺ into the TiO₂ lattice and impedance measurements indicate higher electronic conductivity for the Nb-doped TiO₂ in comparison to the undoped TiO₂. The best electrochemical performance was observed for a material with 2 at.% Nb, which delivered high reversible capacity of 194 mAh/g at 0.1 C and 83.7 ± 1.5% capacity retention at 0.5 C after 100 cycles. Moreover, rate capability tests indicate higher Na⁺ diffusion kinetics in the Nb-doped samples. This one-step synthesis route of these high-performing doped TiO₂ nanomaterials provides promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X24000074/pdfft?md5=0b66154a50bb6bd2e08e68cff258cd55&pid=1-s2.0-S2666352X24000074-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139631930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of ignition pattern on combustion characteristics in a hydrogen Wankel rotary engine: A numerical study","authors":"Huaiyu Wang ,&nbsp;James Turner ,&nbsp;Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Yunshan Ge ,&nbsp;Liqun Lyu ,&nbsp;Shuofeng Wang ,&nbsp;Changwei Ji ,&nbsp;Jinxin Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hydrogen is considered the optimal solution for achieving high efficiency and low emissions in Wankel rotary engines (WREs). This paper aims to reveal the effect of ignition patterns on the combustion process of a hydrogen-fueled WRE. The results show that the combustion rate of the trailing spark plug (TSP), due to its structural similarity with the passive precombustion chamber, surpasses that of the leading spark plug (LSP). The unidirectional flow field promotes the forward development of the flame of TSP but inhibits the backward development of the flame of LSP. Moreover, the recess in combustion chamber facilitates flame propagation of TSP. Asynchronous ignition mode exhibits a higher indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) than synchronous ignition mode, facilitating effective control of the combustion phase. When the ignition timing of LSP is delayed, and TSP is earlier, the flame of TSP exceeds LSP, resulting in unchanged ITE. When the ignition timing of TSP is delayed, and LSP is earlier, the peak of free radicals and burned volume rate are the highest, resulting in a faster combustion rate. It is recommended that the LSP ignition timing is set earlier for practical operations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X24000050/pdfft?md5=46b6478c46d6c38ead1c0e1eb319b6aa&pid=1-s2.0-S2666352X24000050-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139537553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of cathode gas diffusion layer porosity and contact angle distributions along through-plane direction on the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell","authors":"Huadong Yu ,&nbsp;Haiou Wang ,&nbsp;Dongwei Yao ,&nbsp;Kun Luo ,&nbsp;Jianren Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present work, a numerical model for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has been employed to investigate the effects of porosity and contact angle distributions of the porous layer on the performance of PEMFC. The three-dimensional, two-phase, and non-isothermal flow solver considers heat transfer, electrochemical reaction, and liquid water saturation. Various cases with different cathode gas diffusion layer (GDL) porosities are performed. The results showed that a better performance is achieved when the GDL porosity is increased because of the reduced mass transport resistance of oxygen. The effects of the porosity distributions on the PEMFC performance were examined by comparing the predictions from the cases with non-uniform porosity and uniform porosity in the cathode GDL. It was shown that the current density of the cases with non-uniform porosity is higher than that of the uniform porosity case when the operation voltage is low. This is due to the fact that non-uniform porosity distributions in the cathode GDL enhance the reactant transport. When the operation voltage is high, the current densities of the cases with non-uniform porosity and uniform porosity are almost the same. Moreover, the influence of contact angle distributions in cathode GDL was explored. Various cases with gradient-decreasing, gradient-increasing, and uniform constant contact angles from GDL/channel interface to GDL/catalyst layer interface were studied. It was found that the case with gradient-increasing contact angle has a better performance due to the larger capillary pressure difference to remove more water. The poor performance of the case with gradient-decreasing contact angle is related to the phenomenon of flooding in the catalyst layer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X24000049/pdfft?md5=3a9e8eed040918c9bb6e360ca442763c&pid=1-s2.0-S2666352X24000049-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139473373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation of multi-burner array with lean lifted spray flames in inline and inclined configurations","authors":"Mohamed Shamma,&nbsp;Stefan Harth,&nbsp;Dimosthenis Trimis","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lean combustion in gas turbines garners attention for emissions reduction, yet it faces stability challenges demanding careful design considerations. In this study, a novel CHAIRLIFT combustor concept, which integrates low swirl lean lifted spray flames known for substantial nitrogen oxides emissions reduction, into a Short Helical Combustors (SHC) arrangement, is investigated. A comprehensive experimental test campaign explores key parameters, including staggered arrangement offset, equivalence ratios, and air inlet temperature, to evaluate its performance. The results reveal exceptional stability in low swirl, lifted flames compared to moderate swirl flames with larger inner recirculation zones. The unwanted flow deflection of highly swirled flames in the SHC arrangement is effectively avoided with the investigated low swirl, lifted flames. The study emphasizes the significant influence of fuel droplet evaporation time on flame stability near the flame root under low air inlet temperatures. Furthermore, at high air inlet temperatures, the complex flame stability mechanism in inclined configurations is controlled by various parameters, including outer recirculation zone size, air inlet temperature, and additional vortices generated by pressure differences near the wall. <span><math><mrow><mi>O</mi><msup><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>∗</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> chemiluminescence results corroborate these stability mechanisms, showing that at lower temperatures, the flame stabilizes closer to the nozzle exit due to local rich pockets near the shear layer. Conversely, at the same tilt angle, higher air inlet temperatures lead to an increased flame lift-off height due to faster evaporation and enhanced mixing. Exhaust gas analyses confirm the potential of the investigated lean lifted spray flames in a multi-burner arrangement to achieve very low NO_x emissions over a wide range of operating conditions for all investigated burner inclinations. These findings may facilitate the future development and optimization of lean combustion technology for aircraft engines.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X24000013/pdfft?md5=12e4c1a515b23d516134a3da92a33fd9&pid=1-s2.0-S2666352X24000013-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139434300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling nitrogen species from ammonia reciprocating engine combustion in temperature-equivalence ratio space","authors":"William F. Northrop","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper explores nitrogen species formation in temperature (T)-equivalence ratio (ϕ) space under internal combustion engine-relevant conditions using zero-dimensional modeling. The analysis reveals that N₂O and NO are formed in a much larger region of ϕ-T space than in hydrocarbon combustion due to fuel chemical pathways. N₂O is formed over a large range of ϕ, primarily in low temperature regions that have significant levels of unburned NH₃. NO is formed over a large, high temperature, lean region. Further analysis shows that even when mixing burned gas with unburned NH₃ from engine crevices, N₂O is reduced to low levels in the expansion stroke after initially increasing due to the thermal de-NOx mechanism. This indicates that N₂O emissions measured from premixed engine combustion are likely from quenching near cold surfaces.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X23001346/pdfft?md5=d6446272d72ddf644eac87d8c1ee03c5&pid=1-s2.0-S2666352X23001346-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139392347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic and kinetic modeling and experiment on plasma ignition of pulverized high-ash coal","authors":"Vladimir E. Messerle,&nbsp;Alexandr B. Ustimenko","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Solid fuels are relatively inexpensive and widely available, making them an attractive option for energy producers. However, they are currently inefficient in converting heat energy into electricity, and new technological advances are needed to make them more efficient. Plasma ignition and stabilization of pulverized coal flame provides a cost-effective and sustainable approach to boiler start-up and combustion stabilization, avoiding the traditionally used fuel oil or gas. This technology consists of heating the air-coal mixture with electric arc plasma to the temperature of coal devolatilization and partial gasification of the coke residue. Thus, a highly reactive two-component fuel, consisting of combustible gas and coke residue, is obtained from the original coal. In this paper, a comprehensive thermodynamic and kinetic analysis was carried out. A thermodynamic analysis was carried out to study the optimal parameters of plasma ignition and stabilization of combustion of a pulverized fuel flame. Kinetic modeling of the process of plasma ignition and stabilization of combustion of pulverized fuel made it possible to obtain changes in temperatures, velocities and concentrations of high-temperature two-component fuel components along the length of the plasma-fuel system. In experiments on plasma ignition of thermal coal, a stable coal-dust flame was obtained, and its temperature, composition and degree of carbon gasification were determined. Comparison of experimental and calculated data showed satisfactory agreement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X24000037/pdfft?md5=7b94a618d9241966a44e74bb74d37543&pid=1-s2.0-S2666352X24000037-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139111448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced ammonia combustion by partial pre-cracking strategy in a gas turbine model combustor: Flame macrostructures, lean blowout characteristics and exhaust emissions","authors":"Xiaoxiang Shi ,&nbsp;Tianyou Lian ,&nbsp;Yi Zhang,&nbsp;Zundi Liu,&nbsp;Wei Li,&nbsp;Zhongya Xi,&nbsp;Yuyang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cofiring with hydrogen presents a reasonable approach to achieve enhanced ammonia (NH₃) combustion without introducing an extra carbon footprint. A promising strategy for NH₃/H₂ cofiring in gas turbines involves on-site partial pre-cracking of NH₃ and burns of NH₃/H₂/N₂ mixtures, eliminating additional hydrogen transportation and storage. This work investigates the effects of the pre-cracking ratio (<em>γ</em>) on flame macrostructures, lean blowout characteristics and exhaust emissions of the partially pre-cracked NH₃ flames in a single-swirl gas turbine model combustor. Flow and flame macrostructures were captured using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and OH planar laser-induced fluorescence (OH-PLIF) measurements. Lean blowout limits (<em>ϕ</em>_LBO) were assessed under varying <em>γ</em>, and emissions at the burner outlet were measured using a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) gas analyzer. Results show that as <em>γ</em> increases, the flame exhibits a shortened height, strengthened OH fluorescence, amplified core jet velocities and significantly reduced <em>ϕ</em>_LBO, indicating an effective enhancement of NH₃ combustion by partial pre-cracking strategy. Nevertheless, NO and NO₂ emissions exhibit a substantial increase with larger <em>γ</em>. Opposite trends of NO and NH₃ emissions versus equivalence ratio (<em>ϕ</em>) suggest a trade-off between NO and NH₃ emissions, with relatively low NO/NH₃ window appearing under slightly-rich (<em>ϕ</em> = 1.0–1.1) conditions. Low NO emissions are also noted under ultra-lean conditions (<em>ϕ</em> = 0.4–0.5) with the penalty of high NH₃ and N₂O emissions, making it an unacceptable trade-off. Furthermore, the effect of N₂ separation from the partially pre-cracked NH₃ mixtures was evaluated at <em>γ</em> = 0.4. The results show deteriorating effects on NOx emissions, resulting in 13 % and 21 % increases in peak NO and NO₂ emissions, respectively, which implies more feasibility to burn the partially pre-cracked NH₃ in a direct manner rather than N₂ separation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X24000025/pdfft?md5=c74fe0a6205c93760bef8c23c89fd92c&pid=1-s2.0-S2666352X24000025-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139392494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flow-field design of the bipolar plates in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell: Problem, progress, and perspective","authors":"Yong Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhengkai Tu","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As a promising carbon-neutral technology, the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is gaining considerable attention over the past decades. Many problems in PEMFC performance and durability can be ultimately ascribed to the flow-field design, which is a complex and systematic work owing to the inherent sophisticated nature of the PEMFC with multicomponent mass transportation and multiphysics field coupling. This paper presents a critical review of the state-of-the-art flow-field designs and an in-depth analysis of the key problems involved from a perspective of efficient mass transport within the PEMFC. In particular, flow-optimization principles are discussed specifically for the enhancement in reactant mass transfer, water management, optimized opening ratio, uniformity of flow distribution, and choice of appropriate numerical approaches assisting the flow-field design. The material formability and forming accuracy and their effects are also discussed for metallic bipolar plates. The objective of this review work is to present a comprehensive overview of the problems, progresses, and perspectives of the flow-field designs for bipolar plates in PEMFC and provide a general theoretical instruction for present and future relevant R&amp;D activities that aim at high-performance, durable, and low-cost fuel cells.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X23001334/pdfft?md5=82c2202c74b0d892f60595829f22b6e0&pid=1-s2.0-S2666352X23001334-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139393720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing water hydration in air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cell using a staggered tapered slotted flow field","authors":"Jianfei Zhang,&nbsp;Wei Li,&nbsp;Guobin Zhang,&nbsp;Hongwei Bai,&nbsp;Zhiguo Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cell (AC-PEMFC) is widely considered as a promising power source for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) due to its merits such as high energy density, short refueling time, and simple auxiliary system. However, the performance of AC-PEMFC is not satisfactory due to the poor membrane hydration caused by the large air supply for heat dissipation demand. This study proposes a staggered tapered slotted flow field (STSF) configuration to address this issue, which has higher contact area between the airflow and the bipolar plate by arranging tapered and slotted sections in the channels along the airflow direction, aiming to enhance the cooling effect and improve the membrane water hydration. Utilizing a three-dimensional (3D) multiphase non-isothermal model verified against experimental data, it was found that the STSF configuration reduces the internal temperature of the cell by about 14.2–28.3 K and increases the water content in the membrane by about 35.1–85.7 % compared with traditional straight channels. In addition, the STSF configuration can enhance mass transfer by inducing cross-flow, reducing concentration losses, which takes more effect for UAVs working at high altitude. Moreover, the slotted sections reduced the volume and weight of the bipolar plates, contributing to an additional power density improvement. Finally, the pressure drop within the flow channels and net power was compared. Due to the increased contact area between the cooling airflow and the bipolar plates, the STSF configuration inevitably results in a higher pressure drop within the channels, but the net power of PEMFC with STSF still increased under severe conditions by 0.080 W.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X23001280/pdfft?md5=10775af11167589661e72c0ec7b16bae&pid=1-s2.0-S2666352X23001280-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139193886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the NOx formation of propane/ammonia co-combustion with a swirl burner","authors":"Yong Wu ,&nbsp;Mingyan Gu ,&nbsp;Shuanglong Li ,&nbsp;Xin Wei ,&nbsp;Xiangyong Huang ,&nbsp;Qifu Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Replacing traditional fuels with carbon free fuel ammonia is one of the important ways to achieve low carbon emissions. However, the problem of high concentration NOx formation in the process of ammonia combustion is still a topic of great concern. In this paper, the combustion experimental system was built to study the NOx generation characteristics of ammonia propane combustion for a swirl burner. The experimental results show that the addition of ammonia into propane flame greatly increases the amount of NOx, and reasonable organization of ammonia doping ratio and primary air ratio can effectively control the generation of NOx. When the ammonia doping ratio is less than 15%, the highest NOx appeared with the primary air ratio of 20%. When the ammonia ratio was greater than 15%, the increase of the primary air ratio had no obvious effect on the formation of NOx near the swirl burner. The flame temperature changes with the ammonia doping ratio, and when the ammonia doping ratio is 15%, the furnace gas temperature is the highest at each point along the furnace height.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X23001310/pdfft?md5=da0cb9124922dfd1ceeda3f07b007798&pid=1-s2.0-S2666352X23001310-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139188306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}