Applications in Energy and Combustion Science最新文献

{"title":"Enhancement of lean blowout limits of swirl stabilized NH3-CH4-Air flames using nanosecond repetitively pulsed discharges at elevated pressures","authors":"B Aravind,&nbsp;Liang Yu,&nbsp;Deanna Lacoste","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study experimentally examines the impact of nanosecond repetitively pulsed (NRP) discharges on lean premixed methane-ammonia-air swirl flames at pressures up to 4 bar. The results reveal the extension of flame blowout limit by 10–12 % under atmospheric conditions and 5–6 % at 4 bar, when NRP discharges are applied. This decrease in the plasma effect could be attributed to the detrimental impact of strong shock waves at high pressure, destabilizing the flame. NH₃-CH₄-air flames shows higher lean blowout limits in comparison to CH₄-air flames. NRP discharges exhibit consistent impact on the lean blowout limit enhancement across ammonia fractions (20–60 %), irrespective of pressure conditions. These results are obtained for a ratio of NRP discharge power to flame thermal power of 0.63 % and constant pulse repetition frequency of 30 kHz.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X23001140/pdfft?md5=51839cb386cabf0bee26d1436682af2c&pid=1-s2.0-S2666352X23001140-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135763716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large eddy simulation investigation of ammonia spray characteristics under flash and non-flash boiling conditions","authors":"Ziwei Huang,&nbsp;Haiou Wang,&nbsp;Kun Luo,&nbsp;Jianren Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ammonia is an ideal zero-carbon fuel for energy systems, and it can be used directly in a liquid state. However, liquid ammonia is susceptible to flash boiling due to its unique physical and chemical properties, which brings challenges for liquid ammonia spray and combustion simulations. In the present study, high-pressure liquid ammonia injection under flash boiling and non-flash boiling conditions was investigated. Large eddy simulations were conducted in an Eulerian–Lagrangian framework. The aim is to explore in detail the influence of the critical parameters on the characteristics of liquid ammonia spray. Under the flash boiling condition, the effects of ambient pressure were examined. Comparisons of the measured and predicted spray penetration and morphology demonstrate that the present simulations can reproduce liquid ammonia spray characteristics well. Varying ambient pressures causes the ammonia spray to be at different superheat levels, resulting in significant changes in spray features. Under the non-flash boiling condition, the effects of injection pressure and ambient pressure were investigated. The higher injection pressure feature a higher gas velocity and improves the mixing of ammonia and air. The ammonia spray propagates more rapidly and the spray width becomes wider at lower ambient pressure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X23001097/pdfft?md5=12bb9e49ab470d5c4613ca1650aaee56&pid=1-s2.0-S2666352X23001097-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134657765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transient analysis of solar pyrolysis and hydrogen yield via interband cascade laser absorption spectroscopy of methane, acetylene, ethylene, and ethane","authors":"Barathan Jeevaretanam,&nbsp;Mostafa Abuseada,&nbsp;Chuyu Wei,&nbsp;Nicolas Q. Minesi,&nbsp;Timothy S. Fisher,&nbsp;R. Mitchell Spearrin","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A mid-infrared laser absorption sensing method has been developed to measure species concentrations of four hydrocarbons and gas temperature over a range of temperatures in mixture compositions relevant to the pyrolytic decomposition of natural gas. The four measured species (methane, acetylene, ethylene, and ethane) are the most abundant hydrocarbons during the pyrolysis of natural gas, and provide a means to monitor decomposition progress and hydrogen yield through molar balance. In this work, time-division multiplexed signals of three distributed-feedback interband cascade lasers are used to make simultaneous measurements of select C-H stretch rovibrational transitions of the target hydrocarbons in the 3.00–3.34 <span><math><mrow><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> range. The sensor was validated over a range of temperatures and pressures (300–1000 K, 0.03–1 atm) at relevant mixture compositions, with correction methods developed to mitigate cross-species interference. The sensor was demonstrated on a solar-thermal pyrolysis reactor, where time-resolved measurements of species mole fractions were performed across a range of insolation conditions to capture the transient response of the reactor.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X23001127/pdfft?md5=bc8d6675d735527d35704cdb557c2f59&pid=1-s2.0-S2666352X23001127-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134657226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-line OH-LIF for gas-phase temperature and concentration imaging in the SpraySyn burner","authors":"Sadrollah Karaminejad,&nbsp;Abbas El Moussawi,&nbsp;Thomas Dreier,&nbsp;Torsten Endres,&nbsp;Christof Schulz","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gas-phase temperature and OH concentration images are measured in the SpraySyn nanoparticle-synthesis standard burner using multi-line OH laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) thermometry. In this burner, a spray flame fed by a combustible nanoparticle precursor solution is stabilized by a surrounding axisymmetric lean premixed laminar methane/oxygen pilot flame. For measuring OH rotational temperature, the laser is scanned across the 282.05–282.17 nm range and LIF excitation spectra are fitted for each image pixel by simulated spectra. Temperature maps are determined for the pilot flame and the ethanol spray flame with variable dispersion gas flow rates of oxygen used in the two-fluid nozzle. The addition of 2-EHA (2-ethylhexanoic acid) to the solution was found to increase the flame temperature. Laser attenuation across the flame was measured using simultaneous recordings of the fluorescence of uranine/water solution from two dye cuvettes illuminated with the laser sheet before and after the flame and the effect of attenuation was quantified. Absolute OH concentration distributions are determined by combining the LIF images, laser attenuation measurements, and derived temperature distributions. The temporal stability of the flame is investigated for various operating conditions by statistical evaluation of recorded instantaneous OH-LIF images.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100222"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X23001115/pdfft?md5=50e897c5833fe8702fed6dc30245e090&pid=1-s2.0-S2666352X23001115-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135510146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical looping CO2 capture and in-situ conversion: Fundamentals, process configurations, bifunctional materials, and reaction mechanisms","authors":"Bo Jin ,&nbsp;Kerun Wei ,&nbsp;Tong Ouyang ,&nbsp;Yihan Fan ,&nbsp;Haibo Zhao ,&nbsp;Haiyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhiwu Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As an emerging and promising technology to debate the energy and environment issues raised by anthropogenic CO₂ emissions, chemical looping CO₂ capture and in-situ conversion (CL-ICCC) exhibits the merit of high efficiency, low cost, and high safety to achieve integrated CO₂ capture and conversion (ICCC) by eliminating the purification, compression, transportation, and storage procedures. However, the interpretation and state-of-the-art of CL-ICCC are still unclear, which contribute to a harmful effect on promoting this technology for industrial applications. Herein, this work presents a timely review on CL-ICCC by giving fundamental discussions on definition, process configuration, bifunctional material, reaction mechanism and thermo-economic behavior. Based on the product distributions (syngas, CO, CH₄, C₂H₄/C₃H₆), CL-ICCC systems using abundant bifunctional materials with flexible combinations of sorbents and catalysts are classified to satisfy the demand of customers. Lots of moderating strategies are proposed to enhance the activity and stability of bifunctional material, meanwhile, reaction mechanism is revealed to explain the underlying reason for superior performance. The challenges and future prospectives from the aspects of microscopic reaction mechanism, bifunctional material rational design, reaction equipment development and system integration and optimization are discussed to provide possible suggestions. This review aims to illustrate CL-ICCC more clearly and accelerate its commercial demonstration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X23001073/pdfft?md5=f7c23a6a741ec5cb391daaf3c30f4517&pid=1-s2.0-S2666352X23001073-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92101461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Process efficiency and syngas quality from autothermal operation of a 1 MWth chemical looping gasifier with biogenic residues","authors":"Falko Marx,&nbsp;Paul Dieringer,&nbsp;Jochen Ströhle,&nbsp;Bernd Epple","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chemical looping gasification is a novel dual fluidized bed technology for the conversion of solid feedstock to a nitrogen-free syngas without the need of pure oxygen. While multiple electrically heated lab-scale experiments have been performed, data on gas quality including tars formed during operation have not been reported yet for autothermal process operation. In this study we present autothermal operation of a chemical looping gasifier with a thermal input in the 1<!--> <!-->MW_th range, utilizing two circulating fluidized bed reactors with foresting residue and industrial wood pellets as feedstock and Norwegian ilmenite as bed material. A cold gas efficiency of around 50<!--> <!-->% was achieved in the non optimized pilot plant, indicating that higher values can be reached in a commercial unit when minimizing heat losses. The carbon conversion was around 90<!--> <!-->%, and this value is expected to increase to almost 100<!--> <!-->% when raising the temperature, residence time, and cyclone efficiency in a commercial unit. The syngas has a very high quality with methane concentrations in the range of 7<!--> <!-->vol.-% to 10<!--> <!-->vol.-% and gravimetric tar content below 1<!--> <!-->g/Nm³ measured via tar protocol.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X23001061/pdfft?md5=0aace164f571470f68f3417899ee6037&pid=1-s2.0-S2666352X23001061-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92149044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a diesel surrogate for improved autoignition prediction: Methodology and detailed chemical kinetic modeling","authors":"Goutham Kukkadapu ,&nbsp;Russell Whitesides ,&nbsp;Mengyuan Wang ,&nbsp;Scott W. Wagnon ,&nbsp;Marco Mehl ,&nbsp;Charles K. Westbrook ,&nbsp;Robert McCormick ,&nbsp;Chih-Jen Sung ,&nbsp;William J. Pitz","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>While the surrogate fuel approach has been successfully applied to the simulation of the combustion behaviors of complex gasoline and jet fuels, its application to diesel fuels has been challenging. One of the main challenges derives from the large molecular size of the representative surrogate components necessary to simulate diesel blends, as the development of detailed chemical kinetic models and their validation becomes more complex. In this study, a new surrogate mixture that emulates the chemical and physical properties of a well-characterized diesel fuel is proposed. An optimization procedure was used to select surrogate components that can match both the physical and chemical properties of the target diesel fuel comprehensively. The surrogate fuel mixture composition was designed to have fuel properties (e.g., boiling point, cloud point, etc.) that enable its use in future diesel engine experiments. A detailed kinetic model for the surrogate fuel mixture was developed by combining well-validated sub-mechanisms of each surrogate component from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The ability of the surrogate mixture and kinetic model to emulate ignition delay times was assessed by comparing the simulated results with measurements for the target diesel fuel. Comparison of the experimental and simulated ignition delay times shows that the current surrogate mixture and kinetic model well capture the autoignition response of the target diesel fuel at varying conditions of pressure, temperature, oxygen concentration, and fuel concentration. The current study is one of the first to demonstrate the efficacy of detailed chemical kinetics for diesel range fuels by assembling validated sub-mechanisms for palette compounds and successfully simulating the autoignition characteristics of a target diesel fuel. The experimental ignition delay times of diesel measured with a rapid compression machine, the surrogate mixture, and the kinetic model developed shall aid in progress of understanding diesel ignition under engine relevant conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X2300105X/pdfft?md5=1bb2b19c840288fc29d4d28a7a9fb71b&pid=1-s2.0-S2666352X2300105X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92101468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards the development of liquid ammonia/air spray combustion in a gas turbine-like combustor at moderately high pressure","authors":"Kapuruge Don Kunkuma Amila Somarathne ,&nbsp;Hirofumi Yamashita ,&nbsp;Sophie Colson ,&nbsp;Kohei Oku ,&nbsp;Keito Honda ,&nbsp;Ekenechukwu Chijioke Okafor ,&nbsp;Akihiro Hayakawa ,&nbsp;Taku Kudo ,&nbsp;Hideaki Kobayashi","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study is a numerical investigation of the potentials of liquid ammonia (LNH₃) spray combustion in a gas turbine-like combustor at moderately high pressure. The energy costs for the vaporization of LNH₃ and the compression of the fuel vapor in the gaseous ammonia (GNH₃)/air combustion systems, as well as the capital cost for the equipment involved, can be mitigated by employing LNH₃ spray combustion. Additionally, responsiveness to power demand can easily be controlled using direct liquid ammonia. In the first part of this study, the spray characteristics of pure LNH₃ were extensively studied numerically and experimentally using a hollow cone nozzle to validate the numerical models and codes. In modeling LNH₃ sprays at atmospheric pressure or moderately high ambient pressures, accounting for the flash (superheat) evaporation phenomenon in addition to equilibrium evaporation is very important. Measured and simulated data both show that LNH₃ spray (both vapor and droplet phases) reached a minimum equilibrium temperature of 215 K (−60 ^°C) when LNH₃ at a pressure of 0.9 MPa was injected into an environment at 0.1 MPa and 283 K. This minimum temperature is much lower than the saturation temperature of LNH₃ of 240 K (−33 ^°C) at ambient pressure of 0.1 MPa due to occurrence of non-equilibrium flashing. The measured average LNH₃ droplet size approximately varied from 15 ∼ 20 µm and the numerical results agreed with these measured values. In the second part of the study, numerical simulations of LNH₃ spray combustion were carried out at a moderately high pressure of 0.3 MPa. First, the LNH₃ spray was co-fired with gaseous hydrogen (GH₂) while maintaining approximately 50 %, 60 %, and 70 % of ammonia in the fuel by energy fraction (<em>E</em>_NH3) based on the lower heating value at a moderately high pressure of 0.3 MPa. Finally, 100 % LNH₃ spray flame was simulated. Preheated swirling airflow at 600 K was used to enhance the stability of the LNH₃ spray flames, enabling stable combustion over a wide range of global equivalence ratios from 0.99 through 1.43. Moreover, the simulated emission characteristics of LNH₃/GH₂/air flames at <em>E</em>_NH3 = 60 % were compared to those of GNH₃/GH₂/air flames (<em>E</em>_NH3 = 60 %) at the same equivalence ratios. The NO and unburnt emissions of LNH₃/GH₂/air (<em>E</em>_NH3 = 50 % ∼ 100 %) flames and GNH₃/GH₂/air <em>(E</em>_NH3 = 60 %) flames show a trade-off relation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49743879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a low-carbon hybrid of ammonia fuel cell and internal combustion engine for carbon neutrality","authors":"Guoqing Wang ,&nbsp;Chen Chen ,&nbsp;Bayu Admasu Beshiwork ,&nbsp;Bin Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With global warming and an increase in extreme weather, reducing carbon emissions in response to climate change has become a global consensus. Compared with traditional fuel vehicles, hybrid vehicles have the benefits of energy savings, low grid-load, and low emissions. The hybrid vehicles use the internal combustion engine and lithium-ion batteries as the hybrid power source to achieve the best match between the engine and the motor. However, the current commercial hybrid vehicle still has such defects as high dependence on fossil fuels, high carbon emissions, poor safety, etc. As such, it is necessary to explore and develop the next generation low-carbon hybrid vehicles. Herein, we propose a new-type hybrid of ammonia fuel cell and internal combustion engine with high-energy conversion efficiency and low-carbon emissions. Considering the advantages of low-carbon emissions, high mileage, fast refueling, low-cost, high-energy conversion efficiency, and high safety, a green low-carbon concept of the ammonia fuel cell-internal combustion engine hybrid vehicle (AFC-ICE HV) is proposed. This will help improve the scale and efficiency of China's green energy conversion, establish a green, low-carbon and sustainable economic system, provide new impetus for tackling climate change and environmental protection recovery, and help China and the world to achieve the Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality goal.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49744668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing 3D fields of refractive index, emission and temperature in spray-flame nanoparticle synthesis via tomographic imaging using multi-simultaneous measurements (TIMes)","authors":"Fabio J.W.A. Martins ,&nbsp;Cheau Tyan Foo ,&nbsp;Andreas Unterberger ,&nbsp;Sadrollah Karaminejad ,&nbsp;Torsten Endres ,&nbsp;Khadijeh Mohri","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2023.100213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Turbulent spray flames issuing from the SpraySyn 2.0 burner were investigated in the present work by means of tomographic imaging using multi-simultaneous measurements (TIMes). This small-scale standard burner is designed to study flame-spray synthesis of tailored nanoparticle systems. The applied measurement technique combined background-oriented schlieren tomography, computed tomography of light emission and two-color tomographic salt emission thermometry to reveal single-shot and time-averaged 3D fields of refractive index (linked to temperature, pressure and species concentration), CH* chemiluminescence (flame front indicator), SrOH emission from synthesized trace amount of Sr(NO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>)<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> dissolved in the liquid precursor solution (marker of the hot spray-flame products), and temperature of the hot spray-flame products, respectively. The salt emission thermometry technique was extended to tomographic measurements for the first time. Its implementation was based on the voxel-wise intensity ratio of reconstructed thermally-excited SrOH signals at two different regions in the visible spectrum that was converted to temperature using a single calibration curve based on multi-line OH planar laser-induced fluorescence measurements. The cost-effective setup for TIMes was composed of 43 machine-vision cameras equipped with bandpass spectrum filters, an innovative continuous semi-circular background pattern and LED light sources. The combined reconstructed fields provided information on the 3D flame structure in detail, showing the interaction between the flame front and spray stream, and the hot temperature regions. Spray-flame features were quantitatively analyzed, namely temperature, height, width, 3D tilt angle, and spreading half-angle of the flame plume. The temperature measurements proved to be robust against variations in the fuel/oxidizer equivalence ratio for the four investigated operating conditions. The spray flame issuing from the SpraySyn 2.0 burner at the standard operating condition was more stable than that in the previous burner generation, although more asymmetric near the nozzle exit and tilted, which might still cause heterogeneity of the synthesized nanoparticle system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49758001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}