Applications in Energy and Combustion Science最新文献

{"title":"Experimental investigation of the effects of inlet high-swirl air preheating and dilution on kerosene flame","authors":"A. Mardani,&nbsp;S. Arazi Kalat,&nbsp;A. Azimi","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated the effects of co-flow air swirling on the combustion of Kerosene, as relatively heavy fuel, under preheated and diluted air conditions. Various factors affecting the flame structure, such as preheating temperature, dilution, swirl number, and airflow rate were studied using the upgraded MILD (Moderate or Intense Low-Oxygen Dilution) combustion tester of Sharif University of Technology (SMSTR). This tester, which is symmetrically axial, provides co-flow air with the desired temperature, swirl number, and dilution for a liquid fuel spray burner. The flame characteristics was investigated through direct photography and chemiluminescence. The results show that the stability range significantly increases with the air swirling, while the flame length decreases. Enhancement of combustion quality and more complete combustion of fuel were observed with preheating. Preheating resulted in geometric changes in the appearance of the flame, specially reducing flame lift-off and the front view area in high airflow. A decrease in the air oxygen content causes a general change in the structure of the flame, resulting in a shorter and more lifted one compared to non-diluted condition. The chemiluminescence images of the flame also revealed weaker and more uniform emission pattern with the inlet high-swirl air preheating and dilution. By utilizing around 15 % oxygen content dilution, preheating at around 656 K, and a swirl number of 0.8, the combustion zone exhibited similarities to the MILD combustion mode, suggesting the achievement of MILD combustion. The high swirl concept allowed higher dilution limits (about 12 %) and reduced preheating requirements (approximately 11 %) in achieving the MILD combustion regime compared to the previous study conducted without swirl conditions. In contrast to the non-swirl mode flame, the flame in this study transitioned completely to a MILD-like condition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X24000177/pdfft?md5=decfcf625d9273fe9ef61b8503e8b767&pid=1-s2.0-S2666352X24000177-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140548610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Steady laminar stagnation flow NH3-H2-air flame at a plane wall: Flame extinction limit and its influence on the thermo-mechanical stress and corrosive behavior of wall materials","authors":"Chunkan Yu ,&nbsp;Surabhi Srikanth ,&nbsp;Thomas Böhlke ,&nbsp;Bronislava Gorr ,&nbsp;Ulrich Maas","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The steady laminar stagnation flow flame of NH<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>-H<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>-air gas mixture stabilized at a plane wall is numerically investigated. Its interaction with the wall with the consideration of heat loss is the focus of this work. The numerical study of the combustion system is performed by using the full chemical mechanism and detailed transport model including the differential diffusion and Soret effect. The simulation of the solid mechanics is based on the theory of isotropic linear thermo-elasticity. With the numerical simulation, it will be discussed how the wall material would change the flame stability in terms of extinction limit, and how the combustion system such as mixture composition, flame strain rate, and pressure would vary the thermo-mechanical stresses in the solid wall and the corrosive behavior at the surface of the wall.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X24000165/pdfft?md5=8281e8ecb0e665db6654c37457f71c22&pid=1-s2.0-S2666352X24000165-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140290289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of a 5-nozzle array using premix/micromix injection for hydrogen","authors":"Antoine Durocher ,&nbsp;Luming Fan ,&nbsp;Marc Füri ,&nbsp;Gilles Bourque ,&nbsp;Julien Sirois ,&nbsp;David May ,&nbsp;Jeffrey M. Bergthorson ,&nbsp;Sean Yun ,&nbsp;Patrizio Vena","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hydrogen is one of the most promising fuels to decarbonize energy systems since it has a high specific energy, a carbon-free combustion process, and may be produced sustainably through electrolysis. Direct fuel drop-in replacement cannot be done in traditional lean, premixed combustion burners because of the high reactivity of the hydrogen-air mixture and its inherently unstable nature that might lead to flashback and hardware failure. Consequently, new injection strategies and burner geometries are investigated to mitigate these risks. Here we present hydrogen capabilities of a premix/micromix injector that relies on a two-staged fuel injection strategy to offer wide fuel flexible capability (methane to hydrogen) within a single design. Five injectors are placed in a cross-shaped array to simulate a sector found in multi-element combustion systems. Stability and combustion dynamics maps are obtained for the array and OH planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) provides additional insight into the combustion process of these novel burners when placed in an array. The use of micromixing is shown to drastically improve the acoustics of this geometry and expand the flashback limits compared to the fully premixed configuration. Significant variability in flashback limits are observed for different additively-manufactured injector configurations. Phase-averaged OH-PLIF measurements, obtained by registering the acquisition with the acoustics module, and the 3D reconstruction of a partially-premixed flame highlight the complexity of the stabilization mechanisms for these highly three-dimensional, non-axisymmetric flames that may be subjected to large thermoacoustics. This first investigation into premix/micromix clustered injectors demonstrates the importance of better understanding the impact of flame–flame interaction in multi-element combustion systems with micromixed, or partially-premixed, combustion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X24000153/pdfft?md5=f3ff9a7796690401497bc50b33a458cd&pid=1-s2.0-S2666352X24000153-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140272036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future of hydrogen in the U.S. energy sector: MARKAL modeling results","authors":"Nadejda Victor ,&nbsp;Christopher Nichols","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hydrogen is an attractive energy carrier which could play a role in decarbonizing process heat, power or transport applications. Though the U.S. already produces about 10 million metric tons of H2 (over 1 quadrillion BTUs or 1 % of the U.S. primary energy consumption), production technologies primarily use fossil fuels that release CO2, and the deployment of other, cleaner H2 production technologies is still in the very early stages in the U.S. This study explores (1) the level of current U.S. hydrogen production and demand, (2) the importance of hydrogen to accelerate a net-zero CO2 future, and (3) the challenges that must be overcome to make hydrogen an important part of the U.S. energy system. The study discusses four scenarios and hydrogen production has been shown to increase in the future, but this growth is not enough to establish a hydrogen economy. In this study, the characteristics of hydrogen technologies and their deployments in the long-term future are investigated using energy system model MARKAL. The effects of strong carbon constraints do not cause higher hydrogen demand but show a decrease in comparison to the business-as-usual scenario. Further, according to our modeling results, hydrogen grows only as a fuel for hard-to-decarbonize heavy-duty vehicles and is less competitive than other decarbonization solutions in the U.S. Without improvements in reducing the cost of electrolysis and increasing the performance of near-zero carbon technologies for hydrogen production, hydrogen will remain a niche player in the U.S. energy system in the long-term future. This article provides the reader with a comprehensive understanding of the role of hydrogen in the U.S. energy system, thereby explaining the long-term future projections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X24000141/pdfft?md5=c2c85713886cc78f1f8c5db4d30a23b8&pid=1-s2.0-S2666352X24000141-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140134121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of detonation waves by simultaneous OH and NO planar laser-induced fluorescence","authors":"Samir B. Rojas Chavez,&nbsp;Karl P. Chatelain,&nbsp;Mhedine Alicherif,&nbsp;Deanna A. Lacoste","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100257","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study presents a thorough evaluation of the simultaneous planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) on hydroxyl (OH) radicals and nitric oxide (NO), for characterizing hydrogen detonation fronts. The study combines experimental and numerical results to evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of different visualization strategies, namely OH-PLIF alone, NO-PLIF alone, OH-PLIF + shock det. (comparable to simultaneous OH-PLIF and schlieren), and combined OH- and NO-PLIF. Main findings are: (i) For the first time, simultaneous single-shot OH- and NO-PLIF visualizations are demonstrated on detonation waves for three mixtures with varying stability levels: Mixture (a) 2H&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;-O&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;-3.76Ar, Mixture (b) 2H&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;-O&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;-3.76N&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, and Mixture (c) 3H&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;-CH&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;-3.5O&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;-3.76Ar; (ii) the simultaneous visualization evidences the self-similarity of both techniques, with a clear interlock of OH-PLIF imaging into NO-PLIF imaging. This means that the structure of the OH-reaction zone, typically visualized from OH-PLIF, can be accurately described from NO-PLIF imaging alone, from which induction zones can also be visualized. In addition, both can clearly depict the wrinkling of the front and the presence of unburned pockets; (iii) the effectiveness of the four visualization strategies at characterizing the detonation wave of a H&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;-O&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;-3.76Ar mixture is determined using ZND and spectroscopic simulations. Interestingly, the induction zone (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Δ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;i&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) is more accurately predicted by NO-PLIF (3% error) than with the combined OH + shock det. (10% error). This study highlights the potential of NO-PLIF diagnostic in characterizing detonation waves with low levels of confinement (i.e., &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;d&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;λ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&gt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&gt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&gt;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) both qualitatively (e.g., reaction zone structure) and quantitatively (e.g., &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Δ&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;i&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; measurements) using a single diagnostic. Additionally, the simultaneous OH- and NO-PLIF diagnostic may offer significant advantages in characterizing the detonation waves in engine-relevant conditions (i.e., in complex geometries with ","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X24000128/pdfft?md5=092dc0c154ff616f702b296a2da102ee&pid=1-s2.0-S2666352X24000128-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140030143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the impact of CO2 exhaust gas recirculation on flame characteristics and NOx emissions of premixed NH3/DME swirl flames","authors":"Tianyou Lian ,&nbsp;Xiaoxiang Shi ,&nbsp;Sibo Han,&nbsp;Yi Zhang,&nbsp;Zundi Liu,&nbsp;Zhongya Xi,&nbsp;Wei Li,&nbsp;Yuyang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The low combustion intensity and high NOx emissions of ammonia (NH₃) pose challenges to its applications in energy and power devices. Co-firing strategies with reactive fuels, such as hydrogen, methane, syngas, and dimethyl ether (DME), have been proposed to enhance the combustion stability of NH₃ in gas turbine, while exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) has the potential to reduce NOx emissions of combustion systems. This work explores the impact of CO₂ EGR on the flame characteristics and NOx emissions of premixed NH₃/DME swirl flames. CO₂ EGR is observed to have a profound impact on both flame morphology and chemiluminescence intensity. With increasing CO₂ EGR rate, which is described by the CO₂ content in the oxidizer (<span><math><msub><mi>χ</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></msub></math></span>), the chemiluminescence intensity becomes much weaker, the flame height rises, and the lean blowout (LBO) limit grows, indicating a reduced flame stability. Moreover, CO₂ EGR affects the distribution of OH radical and weakens the OH fluorescence intensity. These impacts on flame characteristics mean that practical energy and power devices should be better designed to stabilize the flame. To unravel the underlying mechanism, kinetic analysis on premixed NH₃/DME/air flame under non-EGR and CO₂ EGR conditions is performed. Simulation results show that CO₂ EGR substantially reduces the laminar burning velocity, maximum OH mole fraction, and NO mole fraction. The reduction of NO mole fraction is mainly attributed to the thermal effect of CO₂ EGR. The chemical effect plays a positive role in reducing NO formation under lean conditions but enhances NO formation under rich conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X24000116/pdfft?md5=f4d65352b2b7772a4ef1a65747c60736&pid=1-s2.0-S2666352X24000116-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139718904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen fuel cell electric trains: Technologies, current status, and future","authors":"Daniel Ding,&nbsp;Xiao-Yu Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Trains have been a crucial part of modern transport, and their high energy efficiency and low greenhouse gas emissions make them ideal candidates for the future transport system. Transitioning from diesel trains to hydrogen fuel cell electric trains is a promising way to decarbonize rail transport. That's because the fuel cell electric trains have several advantages over other electric trains, such as lower life-cycle emissions and shorter refueling time than battery ones, and less requirements for wayside infrastructure than the ones with overhead electric wires. However, hydrogen fuel technology still needs to be advanced in areas including hydrogen production, storage, refueling, and on-board energy management. Currently, there are several pilot projects of hydrogen fuel cell electric trains across the globe, especially in developed countries, including one commercialized and permanent route in Germany. The experiences from the pilot projects will promote the technological and economic feasibility of hydrogen fuel in rail transport.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X24000104/pdfft?md5=6d05397ed102e0239013548b9ad93f69&pid=1-s2.0-S2666352X24000104-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139713786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ignition characteristics of hydrogen-enriched ammonia/air mixtures","authors":"Stefan Essmann ,&nbsp;Jessica Dymke ,&nbsp;Jacqueline Höltkemeier-Horstmann ,&nbsp;Dieter Möckel ,&nbsp;Carola Schierding ,&nbsp;Michael Hilbert ,&nbsp;Chunkan Yu ,&nbsp;Ulrich Maas ,&nbsp;Detlev Markus","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ammonia is an attractive hydrogen carrier and potential fuel which could play a role in decarbonizing process heat, power or transport applications. However, the combustion properties of ammonia are disadvantageous for many technical processes. Hydrogen addition has been shown to mitigate this challenge by increasing the laminar burning velocity and extending the lean blow-off limit. In this work, the ignition characteristics of hydrogen enriched ammonia/air mixtures are investigated experimentally. A capacitive discharge is used to ignite the mixture. The effects of an increasing share of hydrogen in the fuel are a drastic decrease in ignition energy as well as an increase in explosion pressure and the rate of pressure rise. Further, schlieren imaging was employed to study the structure and evolution of the flame kernel shortly after ignition. Due to the high discharge energy necessary to ignite ammonia/air, the flame kernel evolution is dominated by the discharge.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X24000098/pdfft?md5=01ea3ea1fc3962a153edd3428e3b382f&pid=1-s2.0-S2666352X24000098-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139674828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of preferential diffusion and flame stretch on FGM method for numerical simulations of ammonia/air premixed combustion","authors":"Reo Kai,&nbsp;Shinya Ayukawa,&nbsp;Kazuhiro Kinuta,&nbsp;Ryoichi Kurose","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Importance of the considerations of preferential diffusion and flame stretch effects in the flamelet-generated manifold (FGM) method on the prediction accuracy is investigated by two-dimensional numerical simulations of cylindrical NH₃/air premixed flames, under the conditions of an unburnt gas temperature of 673<!--> <!-->K, an ambient pressure of 2<!--> <!-->MPa, and equivalence ratios of 0.8 to 1.2. Results of the numerical simulations using the detailed chemistry, in which 32 species and 204 reactions are directly solved in the physical space without the FGM method, show that the mixture fraction in the burnt gas increases from the unburnt gas value when considering the preferential diffusion effect, whereas it remains flat when assuming the unity Lewis number. This means that assuming the unity Lewis number causes the underprediction and overprediction of the burnt gas temperature under fuel-lean and fuel-rich conditions, respectively. Results of the numerical simulations using the FGM methods show that considering the preferential diffusion and flame stretch effects in the FGM method is important for accurate prediction of the flame propagating speed, and the effectiveness is more evident for the flame stretch effect than for the preferential diffusion effect for the NH₃/air premixed flames.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X24000086/pdfft?md5=64c88eaaae862b321d148207310e63cf&pid=1-s2.0-S2666352X24000086-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139682633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intracavity laser absorption spectroscopy: Performance and advantages for energy science","authors":"Uri Zamir ,&nbsp;Joshua H. Baraban ,&nbsp;Peter Fjodorow ,&nbsp;Igor Rahinov","doi":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaecs.2024.100251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Meeting the demands of sustainable energy economy requires diagnostics of the chemical processes surrounding future fuels and contemporary combustion applications. Pioneered in 1970, Intracavity Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (ICAS) has evolved to be a powerful instrument in the toolbox of combustion diagnostics. It owes its ultra-high sensitivity to the enhancement of the effective absorption pathlength by placing the absorber inside the cavity of a broadband laser. In this review we introduce the complementary strengths of ICAS to other methods: ultra-high sensitivity to narrowband absorption alongside the immunity to broadband losses, multiplexed detection and (µs-scale)-temporal resolution. We outline the basic concepts and features of ICAS, focusing on the laser dynamics regime where an absorbing sample in the laser resonator yields the well-known Lambert-Beer law. We chart the progress made over the years in visible (dye-jet laser) and near infrared (fiber laser) ICAS speciation in flames, by highlighting case studies where species like long considered \"hard-to detect\" ¹CH₂ and HCO radicals, along with O-atoms, C₂, NH₂, HNO, CN, and HCN were measured, as well as thermometry and speciation applications demonstrated in shock tubes, flow-cells and flames based on (stationary or time-resolved) measurements of multicomponent spectral matrices containing lines of CH₄, C₂H₂, CO₂, CO, OH and H₂O. We highlight the contributions of ICAS in gas-phase nanomaterial synthesis, exemplified in prototypical iron-doped flames and discuss prospective applications in spray-flame pyrolysis and metal-powder combustion. Finally, we present advances in the development of lasing media based on Cr²⁺ and Fe²⁺-doped chalcogenide crystals and fluoride crystals doped with trivalent lanthanides, that meet the (ICAS-specific) requirement associated with the necessity to have a gain media lasing directly in the desired wavelength range, and therefore to expand this technique into the important mid-infrared and ultraviolet spectral ranges.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100104,"journal":{"name":"Applications in Energy and Combustion Science","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666352X24000062/pdfft?md5=0e6c67e351695046585f666027f6140b&pid=1-s2.0-S2666352X24000062-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139631319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}