AJO International最新文献

{"title":"The implementation of artificial intelligence driven diabetic retinopathy screening in a district hospital in Myanmar: a pilot study","authors":"Mya Wut Yee Soe ,&nbsp;Jasmine Ge ,&nbsp;Kan Htoo Aung ,&nbsp;Su Mon La ,&nbsp;Anna CS Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) causes irreversible blindness. Early detection and timely treatment can prevent blindness. However, manpower and access to DR screening is challenging in remote areas. This study aims to validate and assess the acceptability of artificial intelligence assisted diabetic retinopathy screening (AI-DRS) versus standard care (SC) with slit lamp examination.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>This was a cross sectional, comparative cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>All patients underwent a mydriatic two-field fundus photography, automatically analyzed by the AI and a dilated clinical fundus examination by a consultant ophthalmologist, blinded to the AI-DRS results. The primary outcome measure was the agreement between AI-DRS (Singapore Eye Lesion Analyzer (SELENA+) performed with a portable fundus camera) and SC, measured by sensitivity, specificity and kappa indices. Questionnaires were administered to test acceptability of AI-DRS.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>414 eyes of 207 patients (mean age 60.13, SD=9.39), male (20.3 %) and female (79.7 %) were screened. AI-DRS versus SC had a sensitivity of 85 % and specificity of 100 % with high agreement (kappa value 0.915 (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001)). Comparing AI-DRS versus SC, 350 versus 362 eyes had no DR/mild DR, 6 versus 7 eyes had moderate/severe non-proliferative DR(NPDR), 6 versus 7 had proliferative DR(PDR). AI-DRS had more ungradable eyes versus SC (52 versus 39 eyes). Questionnaires showed 98.6 % of patients found AI-DRS acceptable.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The AI-DRS is a valid method of DR screening in suburban Myanmar populations with high rates of acceptability, may improve access and coverage of DR screening services for Myanmar and in other similar settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives on eye care access and telemedicine-based glaucoma screening among Latine individuals with limited English proficiency","authors":"Norma E. Del Risco ,&nbsp;Mildred Silva Zuccaro ,&nbsp;Jade J. Livingston ,&nbsp;Michele Heisler ,&nbsp;Harry Levine ,&nbsp;Maria A. Woodward ,&nbsp;Amanda K. Bicket ,&nbsp;Angela R. Elam ,&nbsp;Denise A. John ,&nbsp;Paula Anne Newman-Casey","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100144","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Purpose&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Michigan Screening and Intervention for Glaucoma and Eye Health through Telemedicine Program (MI-SIGHT) was developed to facilitate access to glaucoma and eye disease screening and improve attendance at recommended follow-up in underserved communities. MI-SIGHT offered free eye disease screenings, low-cost glasses and for those who screened positive for glaucoma, personalized education, and language-concordant coaching grounded in motivational interviewing. The primary aims of this study were 1) To explore barriers to eye care among Latine participants with limited English proficiency (LEP) who screened positive for glaucoma, 2) to understand whether and how the MI-SIGHT program facilitated access to care and 3) to understand participant experience in MI-SIGHT to inform the development of future interventions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Design&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Qualitative study.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Subjects&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;21 participants who identified as Latine with low English proficiency (LEP) who screened positive for glaucoma during the MI-SIGHT program and received personalized health education about their screening results, motivational-interviewing based health coaching, and care navigation all in Spanish.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Participants were recruited from the two MI-SIGHT sites, a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) and a free clinic. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in Spanish by a native Spanish speaker. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim in Spanish. Grounded theory was used to guide qualitative analysis. Thematic saturation was achieved after analyzing 16 interviews.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Main outcome measures&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Themes regarding barriers to eye care access and facilitators to eye care access through MI-SIGHT.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Between 7/11/23–12/19/23, 154 MI-SIGHT participants identified as Latine and had LEP, 22 screened positive for glaucoma and 21 agreed to be interviewed. Interviews revealed that the primary obstacles to accessing eye care among Latine participants with LEP were language barriers, financial constraints due to lack of insurance, insufficient social support, and difficulty with transportation. Additional challenges included immigration-related fears and complexities in healthcare system navigation. Participants identified key facilitators of the MI-SIGHT program as language concordance with providers, availability of interpreters, affordable eye care and glasses, and transportation services. Personalized coaching in their native language further enhanced their understanding of their eye disease and participation. High satisfaction was evident, with nearly all participants willing to recommend the program to others.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Eye care access for Latine participants with LEP is shaped by interconnected structural, socioeconomic, and cultural barriers. Language-concordant interventions, like the MI-SIGHT p","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144230593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consistency of conflict of interest disclosures across two major ophthalmology conferences","authors":"Justin Grad ,&nbsp;Amin Hatamnejad ,&nbsp;Akashdeep Grewal ,&nbsp;Chryssa McAlister","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To quantitatively assess the consistency of conflict of interest (COI) disclosures among presenters at two major ophthalmology conferences and to analyze trends in COI reporting over a span of four years.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A retrospective cross-sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Presenters at the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) and the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (ASCRS) annual meetings in 2018 and 2021/2022.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Publicly available COI disclosures from presenters at the AAO and ASCRS meetings were extracted and compared. The disclosures of individuals presenting at both AAO and ASCRS were analyzed, focusing on whether COIs were reported consistently across both meetings.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>The primary outcome was the presence of discrepancies in COI disclosures amongst individuals who presented at the two selected ophthalmology conferences within the same year.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 260 presenters who participated in both AAO 2021 and ASCRS 2022, 95 (36.5 %) had identical disclosures, while 150 (57.7 %) exhibited at least one discrepancy. On average, these presenters had 11.23 ± 14.63 disclosures at AAO and 9.88 ± 14.68 disclosures at ASCRS. Similarly, of the 432 presenters at both AAO 2018 and ASCRS 2018, 203 (47.0 %) had consistent disclosures, while 213 (49.5 %) displayed discrepancies. On average, these presenters had 13.16 ± 19.75 disclosures at AAO and 12.49 ± 15.61 disclosures at ASCRS.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Significant inconsistencies in COI disclosures were observed among presenters at major ophthalmology conferences within the same year. Nearly half of the presenters exhibited discrepancies in their disclosures, with a notable portion disclosing COIs at one conference but not the other. These findings underscore the need for standardized COI reporting systems with more rigorous verification processes to ensure transparency and trustworthiness in medical conference presentations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144557325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-year outcomes of a multidisciplinary ocular genetics clinic: Diagnostic yield and workflow insights from an Australian tertiary center","authors":"Sujan A. Surendran ,&nbsp;Sena A. Gocuk ,&nbsp;Aamira J. Huq ,&nbsp;Alex W. Hewitt ,&nbsp;Thomas G. Campbell ,&nbsp;Doron G. Hickey ,&nbsp;Lisa Kearns ,&nbsp;Joshua Schulz ,&nbsp;Thomas L. Edwards ,&nbsp;Jonathan B. Ruddle ,&nbsp;Lauren N. Ayton","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Genetic diagnosis of inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) is challenging due to significant disease heterogeneity and the many potential gene loci. The Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital Ocular Genetics Clinic (OGC) was established in 2018 to streamline IRD diagnosis in Victoria, Australia. This study audited the activities of the OGC during its first three years of operation, focusing on clinical and genetic diagnoses, and identifying areas for improvement in clinic workflow. The aim was to highlight how an integrated multidisciplinary care model – combining ophthalmology, clinical genetics, and genetic counselling – can address gaps in diagnostic access, care coordination and variant interpretation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Retrospective chart review of suspected or confirmed IRD patients assessed in the OGC between December 2018 to December 2021. Genetic testing approach was determined by the OGC and tailored to each patient’s clinical presentation, in conjunction with sequencing and panel options available through funded laboratories. Demographic data, clinical information and timing between key steps within the clinical workflow were systematically recorded.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Five hundred and thirty-nine patients were seen in the first three years of operation. Of the total, 249 patients (46.2 %) underwent diagnostic genetic testing, the mean age of the IRD group being 36.2 years and 51.8 % male, 219 patients (40.6 %) had an IRD phenotype. Panretinal pigmentary retinopathies were the most common phenotype (63.9 %), followed by macular retinopathies (26.9 %), stationary retinopathies (5.5 %), and hereditary vitreoretinopathies (5.5 %). Diagnostic yield of the tested cohort was 71.2 %. Comparison between 2019 and 2020-2021 revealed an overall improvement in mean time from referral to disclosure of results of 647 to 467 days (p=0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The OGC provides patients with an accessible, holistic care model for diagnosing inherited retinal diseases. The distribution of phenotypes and diagnostic yield of genetic tests were consistent with published literature. It provides a good framework for global healthcare systems implementing an ocular genomic service, especially where subspeciality ophthalmologists and genetics services are a limited resource. Although in its early stages, there are opportunities to improve clinic workflow, and a compelling case for increased resources to support timely diagnosis, especially as emerging therapies for IRDs become available.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144879107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Brazilian experience on screening, visual assessment, and prescription of glasses in childhood: A perspective of global interest","authors":"ACSB Carneiro ,&nbsp;JM Furtado ,&nbsp;AL Silva ,&nbsp;ALF Darcie ,&nbsp;AC Ribeiro ,&nbsp;LM Hopker ,&nbsp;C Nakanami ,&nbsp;SP Donahue ,&nbsp;JD Rossetto","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This perspective presents evidence-based guidelines developed by a representative expert group from Brazil. The guidelines aim to enhance pediatric eye care through structured screening protocols, comprehensive eye examinations, and effective eyeglass prescriptions tailored to local contexts.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The guidelines were developed through a narrative literature review and expert consensus among Brazilian Society of Pediatric Ophthalmology members, utilizing a comprehensive search strategy on PubMed from September 2022 to July 2024.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Key recommendations include performing the red reflex test (RRT) before neonatal discharge and repeating it at least three times per year during the first three years of life. Additional recommendations include initiating photoscreening at one year of age and conducting visual acuity screening between ages 3 and 5—prioritizing age 5 for amblyopia detection—and again at ages 10–11. Follow-up screenings are advised at critical developmental stages. To expand access, trained non-ophthalmology professionals should participate in screening efforts within existing healthcare frameworks. Scaling secondary and tertiary care and aligning the program with other governmental initiatives are essential for sustainability and impact. Additionally, structuring the health program to align with other government initiatives will help ensure its sustainability and long-term impact.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These guidelines provide a solid foundation for effective pediatric eye health programs, contributing to broader public health and sustainable development goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Second victim syndrome in ophthalmology: Contributory factors and insights from the first study","authors":"Chaimae Khodriss ,&nbsp;Hicham El Bouri ,&nbsp;Reda Benmerak ,&nbsp;Rachid Tahiri ,&nbsp;Jaafar Bendali ,&nbsp;Yassine Benhaddouch ,&nbsp;Adil El Ammouri ,&nbsp;Adil Najdi ,&nbsp;Meriem El Bahloul","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Second Victim Syndrome (SVS) refers to the psychological, physical, and professional impact experienced by healthcare providers following involvement in an adverse patient event. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of SVS among Moroccan ophthalmologists and to identify the contributory factors associated with its occurrence.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional survey</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A 58-item web-based questionnaire was distributed via WhatsApp and e-mail to 764 registered members of the Moroccan Society of Ophthalmology, including trainees. The questionnaire was structured into three sections: demographic and practice characteristics, personal experience of intraoperative adverse events (IAEs), and assessment with the Second Victim Experience and Support Tool (SVEST). A two-step statistical analysis was performed. The first step was a descriptive analysis to calculate means and standard deviations for quantitative variables and proportions for qualitative variables. The second step was an analytical approach to compare means via ANOVA.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In total, 217 complete responses were obtained, corresponding to a response rate of 28.4 %. The respondents were specialists (62.2 %) residents (26.3 %) and professors of medicine (11.5 %), and 51.6 % worked independently in the private sector. At least one IAE was reported by 94.5 % of the participants, 92.7 % of whom felt uncomfortable with these events. The mental burden of IAEs was described as exhausting by 70.7 % of respondents, and 44.9 % reported doubting their own professional skills after an IAE. Colleagues were identified as the most effective source of support, with 75.1 % of respondents considering peer interactions helpful. Vulnerability to second victim syndrome was highest among female practitioners (<em>p</em> = 0.027), private sector physicians (<em>p</em> = 0.005), and those with less than five years of surgical experience (<em>p</em> = 0.002).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study highlights a concerning prevalence of second victim syndrome among Moroccan ophthalmologists. Prioritizing the establishment of preventive programs, peer support groups, and dedicated psychological support structures is crucial to safeguard the mental well-being of ophthalmologists and, by extension, to ensure a high quality of patient care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144479987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and phase-related changes in dry eye symptoms among Vietnamese medical students","authors":"Huong T. Vu ,&nbsp;Thanh D.L. Bui ,&nbsp;Hai T. Le","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To investigate the prevalence of dry eye (DE) symptoms among Vietnamese medical students, with a focus on differences across academic years and changes associated with an inter-semester break.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional, observational study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 405 medical students (Years 1–6) at Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Vietnam, completed the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire at two time points: during a four-week inter-semester break (Phase 1) and one week after returning to academic activities (Phase 2). Participants also reported their average daily study duration using digital and printed materials. Dry eye prevalence (OSDI &gt;13) and severity were analysed using multivariable models, including modified Poisson regression and cumulative logit models, adjusting for demographic, clinical, and behavioural covariates.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>DE symptom prevalence was high at both time points, increasing from 77.8 % in Phase 1 to 88.6 % in Phase 2 (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). A significant rise in OSDI scores was observed in Phase 2, particularly among pre-clinical students (Years 1–3), who showed higher odds of more severe symptoms compared to clinical-year students. The most affected symptom domains included visual function and environmental triggers, with “windy conditions” and screen-related tasks frequently reported as aggravating factors. Study duration did not differ significantly between phases.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Dry eye symptoms are highly prevalent among medical students and worsen following academic resumption, especially in junior cohorts. Persistent visual strain and environmental exposures may contribute. Interventions targeting modifiable risk factors are warranted to support ocular health and academic performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of recipient and donor factors on corneal graft clearance: insights from serial anterior segment optical coherence tomography","authors":"Stylianos Christodoulou ,&nbsp;Dimitris Kola ,&nbsp;Fedonas Herodotou ,&nbsp;Aikaterini Athanasiadou ,&nbsp;Chara Tzavara ,&nbsp;Neofytos Michael ,&nbsp;Anastasia Neokleous ,&nbsp;Georgina Hadjilouka ,&nbsp;Sotiria Palioura","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate how recipient and donor characteristics influence corneal graft clearance, using serial measurements of central corneal thickness (CCT) and central graft thickness (CGT) derived from anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Prospective cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Seventy-one patients (76 eyes) who underwent corneal transplantation (October 2021–April 2024) were followed for at least six months. Serial AS-OCT scans were used to extract CCT and CGT measurements, which were analyzed using mixed linear regression models with time splines to assess changes over time. These thickness parameters served as surrogate markers of corneal and graft deturgescence, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both CCT and CGT (for DSAEK grafts only) decreased significantly up to 3 months post-surgery (β = -1.73 μm/day, SE = 0.12, p &lt; 0.001; β = -0.53 μm/day, SE = 0.05; p &lt; 0.001), stabilizing thereafter (β = 0.063 μm/day, SE = 0.045, p = 0.156; β = 0.02 μm/day, SE = 0.02; p = 0.228). Faster clearance was observed in grafts from younger donor age (&lt;56 years; β = 0.67 μm/day, SE = 0.23; p = 0.004) and those with higher endothelial cell density (ECD ≥3,021 cells/mm²; β = –1.14 μm/day, p = 0.001). Penetrating keratoplasty was associated with slower CCT reduction compared to Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (β = 0.74 μm/day, SE = 0.32; p = 0.021). Other preoperative factors did not significantly influence clearance</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>CCT and CGT are useful quantitative markers of corneal graft clearance. Donor age, ECD and surgical technique significantly influence early postoperative dynamics. Serial AS-OCT imaging offers valuable, non-invasive insights into graft behavior that can inform clinical decision-making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A real-world pharmacovigilance analysis of the risk of retinal artery occlusion from medication use","authors":"Andrew Mihalache ,&nbsp;Ryan S. Huang ,&nbsp;Marko M. Popovic ,&nbsp;Kirill Zaslavsky ,&nbsp;David Sarraf ,&nbsp;SriniVas R. Sadda ,&nbsp;Rajeev H. Muni ,&nbsp;Edward A. Margolin","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The risk of retinal artery occlusion (RAO) as related to specific drug use is unclear. Using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), we aimed to comprehensively elicit a list of FDA-approved drugs overreported for RAO.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective, population-based pharmacovigilance study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Pharmacovigilance data were sourced from the FAERS database between October 2003 and March 2024 using Open Vigil 2.1 (Kiel, Germany) software. FDA-approved pharmacological agents which were recorded as the primary suspect drug for at least 10 reports of RAO were included. Disproportionality analyses were performed to identify positive adverse drug reaction signals by comparing drug-specific reports of RAO to the background rate of RAO reports across all other drugs in the database.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of 12,345,128 adverse events reported to the FAERS database during the study period, 1,461 (0.01 %) were identified as cases of RAO. Most primary suspect drugs were indicated for eye disorders (20.7 %, <em>n</em> = 303/1,461), neoplasms (11.4 %, <em>n</em> = 166/1,461), or musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders (7.2 %, <em>n</em> = 105/1,461). Notably, brolucizumab and tranexamic acid were significantly overreported for RAO events. These were followed by melphalan, triamcinolone, aflibercept, ranibizumab, lidocaine, sildenafil, epinephrine, bupivacaine, and rofecoxib.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Several primary suspect drugs showed disproportionately high reports of RAO in the FAERS database; however, some of these medications are indicated for conditions associated with a hypercoagulable state, a significant risk factor for RAO. These findings underscore the need for continued pharmacovigilance efforts to distinguish potential drug-related effects from the influence of underlying disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fundus photograph interpretation of common retinal disorders by artificial intelligence chatbots","authors":"Andrew Mihalache ,&nbsp;Ryan S. Huang ,&nbsp;Marko M. Popovic ,&nbsp;Peng Yan ,&nbsp;Rajeev H. Muni ,&nbsp;Suber S. Huang ,&nbsp;David T. Wong","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>While previous studies have examined the ability of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots to interpret optical coherence tomography scans, their performance in interpreting fundus photographs of retinal disorders without text-based context remains unexplored. This study aims to evaluate the ability of three widely used AI chatbots to accurately diagnose common retinal disorders from fundus photographs in the absence of text-based context.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We prompted ChatGPT-4, Gemini, and Copilot, with a set of 50 fundus photographs from the American Society of Retina Specialists Retina Image Bank® in March 2024, comprising age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, epiretinal membrane, retinal vein occlusion, and retinal detachment. Chatbots were re-prompted four times using the same images throughout June 2024. The primary endpoint was the proportion of each chatbot’s correct diagnoses. No text-based guidance was provided.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In March 2024, Gemini provided a correct diagnosis for 17 (34 %, 95 % CI: 21–49 %) fundus images, ChatGPT-4 for 16 (32 %, 95 % CI: 20–47 %), and Copilot for 9 (18 %, 95 % CI: 9–31 %) (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05). In June 2024, Gemini provided a correct diagnosis for 122 (61 %, 95 % CI: 53–67 %) images, ChatGPT-4 for 101 (51 %, 95 % CI: 43–58 %), and Copilot for 57 (29 %, 95 % CI: 22–35 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>No AI chatbot use in this study was sufficiently accurate for the diagnosis of common retinal disorders from fundus photographs. AI chatbots should not currently be utilized in any clinical setting involving fundus images, given concerns for accuracy and bioethical considerations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}