AJO International最新文献

{"title":"Association of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil activation with treatment response in neovascular AMD","authors":"Alexander Kai Thomsen ,&nbsp;Maria Abildgaard Steffensen ,&nbsp;Kathrine Gotfredsen ,&nbsp;Henrik Vorum ,&nbsp;Bent Honoré ,&nbsp;Mogens Holst Nissen ,&nbsp;Torben Lykke Sørensen","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and alterations of activation surface markers on circulating neutrophils have been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between NLR, activation surface markers on neutrophils, AMD stage, and treatment response in neovascular AMD (nAMD).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Prospective cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Treatment-naïve nAMD patients, intermediate AMD (iAMD) patients, and healthy controls were consecutively enrolled. Treatment response in nAMD patients was categorized as good, partial and poor based on change of retinal fluid and central retinal thickness. Treatment response was evaluated after the loading phase and after one year of treatment with aflibercept 2 mg. NLR and activation surface markers on circulating neutrophils (CD11a, CD11b, CD31, CD66b, CD162, and CD182) were examined with flow cytometry. NLR and activation surface markers were compared between healthy controls, iAMD, and nAMD patients, as well as between nAMD treatment response groups. Polymorphisms in the CFH and ARMS2 genes were compared to NLR and the surface markers in nAMD patients.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>NLR was significantly elevated in nAMD patients compared to healthy controls (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). nAMD patients with poor 1-year treatment response had a significantly higher NLR compared to good 1-year treatment responders. Expression levels of CD11a, CD11b, CD31, CD66b, CD162, and CD182 on circulating neutrophils were elevated in nAMD patients compared to healthy controls (all <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), however no significant differences were found between nAMD treatment response groups. No significant associations were found between CFH or ARMS2 genotypes with NLR or neutrophil surface markers in nAMD patients.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Elevated NLR was associated with a poor 1-year treatment response. The NLR and expression levels of activation surface markers on circulating neutrophils were significantly elevated in treatment-naïve nAMD patients compared to healthy controls.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The implementation of artificial intelligence driven diabetic retinopathy screening in a district hospital in Myanmar: a pilot study","authors":"Mya Wut Yee Soe ,&nbsp;Jasmine Ge ,&nbsp;Kan Htoo Aung ,&nbsp;Su Mon La ,&nbsp;Anna CS Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) causes irreversible blindness. Early detection and timely treatment can prevent blindness. However, manpower and access to DR screening is challenging in remote areas. This study aims to validate and assess the acceptability of artificial intelligence assisted diabetic retinopathy screening (AI-DRS) versus standard care (SC) with slit lamp examination.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>This was a cross sectional, comparative cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>All patients underwent a mydriatic two-field fundus photography, automatically analyzed by the AI and a dilated clinical fundus examination by a consultant ophthalmologist, blinded to the AI-DRS results. The primary outcome measure was the agreement between AI-DRS (Singapore Eye Lesion Analyzer (SELENA+) performed with a portable fundus camera) and SC, measured by sensitivity, specificity and kappa indices. Questionnaires were administered to test acceptability of AI-DRS.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>414 eyes of 207 patients (mean age 60.13, SD=9.39), male (20.3 %) and female (79.7 %) were screened. AI-DRS versus SC had a sensitivity of 85 % and specificity of 100 % with high agreement (kappa value 0.915 (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001)). Comparing AI-DRS versus SC, 350 versus 362 eyes had no DR/mild DR, 6 versus 7 eyes had moderate/severe non-proliferative DR(NPDR), 6 versus 7 had proliferative DR(PDR). AI-DRS had more ungradable eyes versus SC (52 versus 39 eyes). Questionnaires showed 98.6 % of patients found AI-DRS acceptable.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The AI-DRS is a valid method of DR screening in suburban Myanmar populations with high rates of acceptability, may improve access and coverage of DR screening services for Myanmar and in other similar settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consistency of conflict of interest disclosures across two major ophthalmology conferences","authors":"Justin Grad ,&nbsp;Amin Hatamnejad ,&nbsp;Akashdeep Grewal ,&nbsp;Chryssa McAlister","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To quantitatively assess the consistency of conflict of interest (COI) disclosures among presenters at two major ophthalmology conferences and to analyze trends in COI reporting over a span of four years.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A retrospective cross-sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Presenters at the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) and the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (ASCRS) annual meetings in 2018 and 2021/2022.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Publicly available COI disclosures from presenters at the AAO and ASCRS meetings were extracted and compared. The disclosures of individuals presenting at both AAO and ASCRS were analyzed, focusing on whether COIs were reported consistently across both meetings.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>The primary outcome was the presence of discrepancies in COI disclosures amongst individuals who presented at the two selected ophthalmology conferences within the same year.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 260 presenters who participated in both AAO 2021 and ASCRS 2022, 95 (36.5 %) had identical disclosures, while 150 (57.7 %) exhibited at least one discrepancy. On average, these presenters had 11.23 ± 14.63 disclosures at AAO and 9.88 ± 14.68 disclosures at ASCRS. Similarly, of the 432 presenters at both AAO 2018 and ASCRS 2018, 203 (47.0 %) had consistent disclosures, while 213 (49.5 %) displayed discrepancies. On average, these presenters had 13.16 ± 19.75 disclosures at AAO and 12.49 ± 15.61 disclosures at ASCRS.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Significant inconsistencies in COI disclosures were observed among presenters at major ophthalmology conferences within the same year. Nearly half of the presenters exhibited discrepancies in their disclosures, with a notable portion disclosing COIs at one conference but not the other. These findings underscore the need for standardized COI reporting systems with more rigorous verification processes to ensure transparency and trustworthiness in medical conference presentations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144557325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A real-world pharmacovigilance analysis of the risk of retinal artery occlusion from medication use","authors":"Andrew Mihalache ,&nbsp;Ryan S. Huang ,&nbsp;Marko M. Popovic ,&nbsp;Kirill Zaslavsky ,&nbsp;David Sarraf ,&nbsp;SriniVas R. Sadda ,&nbsp;Rajeev H. Muni ,&nbsp;Edward A. Margolin","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>The risk of retinal artery occlusion (RAO) as related to specific drug use is unclear. Using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), we aimed to comprehensively elicit a list of FDA-approved drugs overreported for RAO.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective, population-based pharmacovigilance study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Pharmacovigilance data were sourced from the FAERS database between October 2003 and March 2024 using Open Vigil 2.1 (Kiel, Germany) software. FDA-approved pharmacological agents which were recorded as the primary suspect drug for at least 10 reports of RAO were included. Disproportionality analyses were performed to identify positive adverse drug reaction signals by comparing drug-specific reports of RAO to the background rate of RAO reports across all other drugs in the database.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of 12,345,128 adverse events reported to the FAERS database during the study period, 1,461 (0.01 %) were identified as cases of RAO. Most primary suspect drugs were indicated for eye disorders (20.7 %, <em>n</em> = 303/1,461), neoplasms (11.4 %, <em>n</em> = 166/1,461), or musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders (7.2 %, <em>n</em> = 105/1,461). Notably, brolucizumab and tranexamic acid were significantly overreported for RAO events. These were followed by melphalan, triamcinolone, aflibercept, ranibizumab, lidocaine, sildenafil, epinephrine, bupivacaine, and rofecoxib.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Several primary suspect drugs showed disproportionately high reports of RAO in the FAERS database; however, some of these medications are indicated for conditions associated with a hypercoagulable state, a significant risk factor for RAO. These findings underscore the need for continued pharmacovigilance efforts to distinguish potential drug-related effects from the influence of underlying disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding surgical training access: A phacoemulsification course via Orbis Cybersight","authors":"Fatma Shakarchi,&nbsp;Ayorinde Cooley,&nbsp;Curtis R Martin,&nbsp;Traeson Brandenburg,&nbsp;Nicolas Zaunbrecher,&nbsp;Christopher L Shelby,&nbsp;Stephen A LoBue,&nbsp;Wyche T Coleman III","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To highlight the potential of openly accessible online surgical courses in strengthening global ophthalmic education. We demonstrate a case study focusing on a basic phacoemulsification training course published on Orbis Cybersight, designed to support early surgical learning for ophthalmologists worldwide.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We developed a one-hour, self-paced online course on the basics of phacoemulsification, split into six narrated modules: Incisions, Capsulorhexis, Hydrodissection, Nucleus Removal, Cortex Removal, and IOL Insertion &amp; Wound Closure. We included quizzes for self-testing in every module. We published the course on Orbis Cybersight, a global telemedicine and training platform, and made it freely available on demand. We analyzed engagement patterns and gathered informal feedback from trainees and educators across different regions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The course was accessed by over 5,000 participants based in 162 countries across all seven continents, including Antarctica, working in diverse high-, middle-, and low-income settings. Most participants were ophthalmologists (2,238; 44.4 %), ophthalmology residents (837; 16.6 %), and optometrists (484; 9.6 %), while nearly 20 % (963) represented a variety of other professions, including drivers, teachers, medical students, and security guards. Approximately 1,340 participants (26.6 %) completed the course, while 2,709 (53.6 %) marked it as “in progress.” On average, participants made about five access attempts and spent a mean of 83.63 minutes to complete the course. The optional pre- and post-course quizzes showed a 39.5 % increase in participation and a 35 % relative increase in knowledge acquisition after completing the course.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Open-access platforms like Orbis Cybersight can play a key role in delivering foundational surgical education. These platforms help bridge gaps in training and promote equity in surgical education. They are impactful for sharing complex cases and essential foundational learning, without adding a financial burden for trainees globally. Our case study offers a scalable, low-cost way to help global trainees gain exposure to essential surgical steps and concepts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Second victim syndrome in ophthalmology: Contributory factors and insights from the first study","authors":"Chaimae Khodriss ,&nbsp;Hicham El Bouri ,&nbsp;Reda Benmerak ,&nbsp;Rachid Tahiri ,&nbsp;Jaafar Bendali ,&nbsp;Yassine Benhaddouch ,&nbsp;Adil El Ammouri ,&nbsp;Adil Najdi ,&nbsp;Meriem El Bahloul","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Second Victim Syndrome (SVS) refers to the psychological, physical, and professional impact experienced by healthcare providers following involvement in an adverse patient event. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of SVS among Moroccan ophthalmologists and to identify the contributory factors associated with its occurrence.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional survey</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A 58-item web-based questionnaire was distributed via WhatsApp and e-mail to 764 registered members of the Moroccan Society of Ophthalmology, including trainees. The questionnaire was structured into three sections: demographic and practice characteristics, personal experience of intraoperative adverse events (IAEs), and assessment with the Second Victim Experience and Support Tool (SVEST). A two-step statistical analysis was performed. The first step was a descriptive analysis to calculate means and standard deviations for quantitative variables and proportions for qualitative variables. The second step was an analytical approach to compare means via ANOVA.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In total, 217 complete responses were obtained, corresponding to a response rate of 28.4 %. The respondents were specialists (62.2 %) residents (26.3 %) and professors of medicine (11.5 %), and 51.6 % worked independently in the private sector. At least one IAE was reported by 94.5 % of the participants, 92.7 % of whom felt uncomfortable with these events. The mental burden of IAEs was described as exhausting by 70.7 % of respondents, and 44.9 % reported doubting their own professional skills after an IAE. Colleagues were identified as the most effective source of support, with 75.1 % of respondents considering peer interactions helpful. Vulnerability to second victim syndrome was highest among female practitioners (<em>p</em> = 0.027), private sector physicians (<em>p</em> = 0.005), and those with less than five years of surgical experience (<em>p</em> = 0.002).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study highlights a concerning prevalence of second victim syndrome among Moroccan ophthalmologists. Prioritizing the establishment of preventive programs, peer support groups, and dedicated psychological support structures is crucial to safeguard the mental well-being of ophthalmologists and, by extension, to ensure a high quality of patient care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144479987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eye health in post-conflict and climate-vulnerable settings: Iraq as a case study for equitable, integrated primary eye care","authors":"Fatma Shakarchi","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Vision impairment affects one in four individuals globally, disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries, particularly in conflict- and climate-affected settings. This brief communication uses Iraq as a case study to examine how these intersecting challenges impact eye health systems. We also aim to identify strategies for strengthening equitable, integrated primary eye health.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>A narrative case study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed national health data, health system reports, and international comparator models to assess how eye care services are distributed, accessed, and integrated within Iraq’s primary healthcare system. Special attention was given to socioeconomic disparities, post-conflict infrastructure, and climate vulnerability.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Only 2 % of Iraq’s primary health centers offer eye-related services, which contributes to overburdened tertiary hospitals, and more than half of hospital consultations are for conditions manageable at the primary level.<span><span>¹</span></span> Access is further limited by financial barriers, uneven geographic distribution of specialists, and lack of insurance coverage. Eye health integration into primary healthcare is hindered by systemic and resource limitations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Iraq’s experience highlights the urgent need for equitable, community-based eye care systems in fragile settings. Addressing these gaps is essential for advancing universal health coverage and meeting global development goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144364888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of recipient and donor factors on corneal graft clearance: insights from serial anterior segment optical coherence tomography","authors":"Stylianos Christodoulou ,&nbsp;Dimitris Kola ,&nbsp;Fedonas Herodotou ,&nbsp;Aikaterini Athanasiadou ,&nbsp;Chara Tzavara ,&nbsp;Neofytos Michael ,&nbsp;Anastasia Neokleous ,&nbsp;Georgina Hadjilouka ,&nbsp;Sotiria Palioura","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate how recipient and donor characteristics influence corneal graft clearance, using serial measurements of central corneal thickness (CCT) and central graft thickness (CGT) derived from anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Prospective cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Seventy-one patients (76 eyes) who underwent corneal transplantation (October 2021–April 2024) were followed for at least six months. Serial AS-OCT scans were used to extract CCT and CGT measurements, which were analyzed using mixed linear regression models with time splines to assess changes over time. These thickness parameters served as surrogate markers of corneal and graft deturgescence, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both CCT and CGT (for DSAEK grafts only) decreased significantly up to 3 months post-surgery (β = -1.73 μm/day, SE = 0.12, p &lt; 0.001; β = -0.53 μm/day, SE = 0.05; p &lt; 0.001), stabilizing thereafter (β = 0.063 μm/day, SE = 0.045, p = 0.156; β = 0.02 μm/day, SE = 0.02; p = 0.228). Faster clearance was observed in grafts from younger donor age (&lt;56 years; β = 0.67 μm/day, SE = 0.23; p = 0.004) and those with higher endothelial cell density (ECD ≥3,021 cells/mm²; β = –1.14 μm/day, p = 0.001). Penetrating keratoplasty was associated with slower CCT reduction compared to Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (β = 0.74 μm/day, SE = 0.32; p = 0.021). Other preoperative factors did not significantly influence clearance</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>CCT and CGT are useful quantitative markers of corneal graft clearance. Donor age, ECD and surgical technique significantly influence early postoperative dynamics. Serial AS-OCT imaging offers valuable, non-invasive insights into graft behavior that can inform clinical decision-making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corneal crosslinking for keratoconus in children with thin corneas: A multicentre registry study","authors":"Charles J. Proxenos ,&nbsp;Himal Kandel ,&nbsp;Aanchal Gupta ,&nbsp;Jern Yee Chen ,&nbsp;Adam Watson ,&nbsp;Nicholas Downie ,&nbsp;Stephanie L. Watson","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study reports the clinical outcomes of corneal crosslinking in children with thin corneas in the real-world setting.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective, longitudinal study</div></div><div><h3>Subjects</h3><div>The subjects were extracted from the Save Sight Keratoconus Registry and 18 children (21 eyes) under the age of 18 with corneas of 400 µm or less were included in the study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Using the Save Sight Keratoconus Registry data was collected from 10 practices across Australia and New Zealand. Outcomes were assessed at the final follow-up visit. The primary outcome measure was a change in corneal curvature. Secondary outcomes included a change in visual acuity, a change in corneal thickness, and adverse events.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eighteen patients (21 eyes), of which 12 (66.7 %) were male, with a median age of 16 years (IQR 4.0, Range 8 to 18) underwent CXL. Median follow-up was 10 months (IQR 8, range 3 -55). Median values in outcome measures changed from baseline to follow-up: Kmax from 70.5D (IQR 15.5) to 69.3D (IQR 20.7), K2 from 60.5D (IQR 11.3) to 58.6D (IQR 13.5), habitual visual acuity from 47 (IQR 44.0) to 50 (IQR 31.0) LogMAR letters, pinhole visual acuity from 55 (IQR 11.0) to 60 (IQR 11.0) LogMAR letters and minimum corneal thickness from 390 μm (IQR 29.0) to 370.5 μm (IQR 48.5). Three eyes experienced adverse events. Two developed corneal scarring and one developed microbial keratitis requiring corneal graft.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This real-world study shows that CXL in children with thin corneas can stabilise corneal parameters and vision. Adverse events occur and include scarring and microbial keratitis. The small sample size and short duration of follow-up are notable limitations, and further larger prospective studies are needed to determine the safety and efficacy of CXL in children.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144314134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Danish ophthalmological society guidelines for treatment of diabetic retinopathy","authors":"Jakob Grauslund ,&nbsp;Sara Brandi ,&nbsp;Javad Nouri Hajari ,&nbsp;Caroline Schmidt Laugesen ,&nbsp;Majbrit Lind ,&nbsp;Mette Slot Nielsen ,&nbsp;Katja Christina Schielke ,&nbsp;Yousif Subhi","doi":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ajoint.2025.100146","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100071,"journal":{"name":"AJO International","volume":"2 3","pages":"Article 100146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144270178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}