Agricultural Wastes最新文献

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Fermented straw as a complete basal ration for ruminants 发酵秸秆作为反刍动物的完全基础日粮
Agricultural Wastes Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0141-4607(86)90035-1
M.P.S. Bakshi, V.K. Gupta, P.N. Langar
{"title":"Fermented straw as a complete basal ration for ruminants","authors":"M.P.S. Bakshi,&nbsp;V.K. Gupta,&nbsp;P.N. Langar","doi":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90035-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90035-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Urea and wheat straw moistened to 70% was stacked in the open for 12 or 9 days' natural fermentation. The urea was added at the rate of 4% on a dry straw basis. The fermentation was carried out by turning the stacks at 3- or 6-day intervals, or the stacks were not turned for the entire periods. About 84% to 87% was degraded during the fermentation, resulting in microbial-protein enrichment of the treated straw. A high stack temperature developed (65°C to 73°C) and the ammonia released penetrated the cell wall sufficiently to loosen the ligno-cellulose bonds. The microbes utilized hemicellulose and cellulose, without effecting the lignin content.</p><p>The daily dry matter intake (7·96kg) during a 4-month acceptability trial, using 12 day fermented straw with 2·0 kg fresh green fodder and minerals, showed the straw was palatable and was able to maintain the six adult buffaloes without affecting their body weight or health. Further metabolic trials with the different straw preparations showed that digestibilities of DM, OM, CF and cellulose, and N retention, were significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0·01) improved in 9 day fermented straw as compared with the other straw preparations.</p><p>The results showed that, by 9 days' fermentation of wheat straw, the cellulose digestibility and apparent biological value were improved to the extent that fermented straw supplemented with adequate vitamins and minerals could be used as a sole maintenance ration for ruminants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100062,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Wastes","volume":"16 1","pages":"Pages 37-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0141-4607(86)90035-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83471559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Enzymatic saccharification of sodium hypochlorite treated bagasse and cotton stalks 次氯酸钠处理甘蔗渣和棉花秸秆的酶法糖化研究
Agricultural Wastes Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0141-4607(86)90083-1
Nadia Naim, Abdel-Mohsen S. Ismail, Lotfy A. Sallam, Abdel-Monem H. El-Refai
{"title":"Enzymatic saccharification of sodium hypochlorite treated bagasse and cotton stalks","authors":"Nadia Naim,&nbsp;Abdel-Mohsen S. Ismail,&nbsp;Lotfy A. Sallam,&nbsp;Abdel-Monem H. El-Refai","doi":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90083-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90083-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Attention was devoted to the delignification of the crude bagasse (CB) and cotton stalks (CS) by cheap commercial sodium hypochlorite solution.</p><p>Optimum delignification of these substrates was achieved by treatment with 0·7 g Cl g<sup>−1</sup> substrate (pH 7·0) for 20 h at room temperature, with a solid: liquid (S:L) ratio 1:20.</p><p>The delignified CB and CS were saccharified with an enzyme preparation from a potent local mutant of <em>Trichoderma viride</em> (253-M16). A satisfactory saccharification was obtained with most of the treatments used. The highest conversion yield (93%) was recorded with CB treated with sodium hypochlorite solution (S:L ratio 1:20), followed by NaOH (0·05 <span>m</span>).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100062,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Wastes","volume":"16 2","pages":"Pages 103-111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0141-4607(86)90083-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73564508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The effects of some added carbohydrates on cellulases and ligninase and decomposition of whole bagasse 几种添加碳水化合物对纤维素酶、木质素酶及全蔗渣分解的影响
Agricultural Wastes Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0141-4607(86)90137-X
Poonam Nigam, K.A. Prabhu
{"title":"The effects of some added carbohydrates on cellulases and ligninase and decomposition of whole bagasse","authors":"Poonam Nigam,&nbsp;K.A. Prabhu","doi":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90137-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90137-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two basidiomycetes mould isolates were studied for the production of extracellular cellulases and ligninase in submerged shake culture using whole bagasse as substrate. The effects of some added carbohydrates on enzyme production, substrate decomposition and biomass formation were examined. In both cultures the addition of lactose stimulated biomass production and increased the decomposition of total carbohydrate and lignin contents of bagasse. Lactose was the only sugar which stimulated cellulase and ligninase in both cultures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100062,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Wastes","volume":"17 4","pages":"Pages 293-299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0141-4607(86)90137-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87736113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Catalytic gasification of rice hull and other biomass. The general effect of catalyst 稻壳及其他生物质的催化气化。催化剂的一般效果
Agricultural Wastes Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0141-4607(86)90072-7
Min-Hon Rei, S.J. Yang, C.H. Hong
{"title":"Catalytic gasification of rice hull and other biomass. The general effect of catalyst","authors":"Min-Hon Rei,&nbsp;S.J. Yang,&nbsp;C.H. Hong","doi":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90072-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90072-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Thermochemical decomposition and catalytic conversion of rice hull and some other cellulosic materials in a fluidized bed reactor containing different catalysts as the bed material were studied. The use of catalyst invariably gave gas yields above that of the non-catalyzed gasification process and also changed the product distribution according to the nature of the catalyst. Generally, an acidic catalyst favored the formation of carbon monoxide and olefins while a supported-metal catalyst increased the amounts of hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Nickel catalyst yielded as much as 60% hydrogen at a reaction temperature of 650°C. The gas yield and product distribution are mainly decided by the properties of the catalyst and less by the properties of the biomass.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100062,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Wastes","volume":"18 4","pages":"Pages 269-281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0141-4607(86)90072-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91441043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 17
Evaluation of a low grade rock phosphate composted with some agricultural wastes for use in a crop rotation 与一些农业废弃物混合的低品位磷矿堆肥在作物轮作中的应用评价
Agricultural Wastes Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0141-4607(86)90109-5
R.D. Singh, D.V. Yadav
{"title":"Evaluation of a low grade rock phosphate composted with some agricultural wastes for use in a crop rotation","authors":"R.D. Singh,&nbsp;D.V. Yadav","doi":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90109-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-4607(86)90109-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100062,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Wastes","volume":"18 1","pages":"Pages 73-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0141-4607(86)90109-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91710423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Livestock in Asia: issues and policies 亚洲畜牧业:问题与政策
Agricultural Wastes Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0141-4607(86)90027-2
E.R. Ørskov
{"title":"Livestock in Asia: issues and policies","authors":"E.R. Ørskov","doi":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90027-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-4607(86)90027-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100062,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Wastes","volume":"15 4","pages":"Page 313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0141-4607(86)90027-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91983048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The scope for utilizing jute wastes as raw materials in various industries: A review 黄麻废料在各行业的原料利用范围综述
Agricultural Wastes Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0141-4607(86)90046-6
Madhuban Gopal , M.D. Mathew
{"title":"The scope for utilizing jute wastes as raw materials in various industries: A review","authors":"Madhuban Gopal ,&nbsp;M.D. Mathew","doi":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90046-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90046-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Jute (<em>Corchorus capsularis</em> L. and <em>Corchorus olitorius</em> L.) is a cash crop of India, Bangladesh and Thailand. Jute stick and caddis are by-products of its processing. These by-products are of little economic importance at the moment, and considerable quantities are wasted annually. The present paper reviews the potential of jute wastes for industrial utilization, such as in the manufacture of pulp and paper, rayon, board, cellulose derivatives and chemicals. Three of these processes have been tested at full-scale mill production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100062,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Wastes","volume":"15 2","pages":"Pages 149-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0141-4607(86)90046-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91129315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Anaerobic digestion of rice crop residues 水稻作物残茬厌氧消化
Agricultural Wastes Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0141-4607(86)90134-4
M.S. Kalra, J.S. Panwar
{"title":"Anaerobic digestion of rice crop residues","authors":"M.S. Kalra,&nbsp;J.S. Panwar","doi":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90134-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90134-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Anaerobic digestion of rice crop residues-husk and straw—was carried out in 190-litre metallic digesters. One kilogram of rice straw yielded about 220 litres of biogas under batch digestion. However, rice husk did not perform well due to the high lignin content and unfavourble nonlignin-carbon to nitrogen ratio. A mixture of rice straw and cattle dung (1:1 dry weight basis) yielded 9·1% more gas than rice straw alone.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100062,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Wastes","volume":"17 4","pages":"Pages 263-269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0141-4607(86)90134-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83357466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 45
Development of equipment for processing Munj (Saccharum munja) fibre Munj (Saccharum munja)纤维加工设备开发
Agricultural Wastes Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0141-4607(86)90143-5
A. Varshney, K. Bhoi
{"title":"Development of equipment for processing Munj (Saccharum munja) fibre","authors":"A. Varshney, K. Bhoi","doi":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90143-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-4607(86)90143-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100062,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Wastes","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82408739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Bioconversion of poultry droppings for biogas and algal production 家禽粪便的生物转化为沼气和藻类生产
Agricultural Wastes Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0141-4607(86)90002-8
M. Mahadevaswamy, L.V. Venkataraman
{"title":"Bioconversion of poultry droppings for biogas and algal production","authors":"M. Mahadevaswamy,&nbsp;L.V. Venkataraman","doi":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90002-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90002-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An integrated system for the bioconversion of poultry droppings for biogas production and utilization of the effluent for the production of the blue-green alga <em>Spirulina platensis</em> was studied. Poultry droppings produced 0·54 m<sup>3</sup> of biogas per kilogram of Total SOlids (TS). The 2% TS biogas plant effluent as sole nutrient medium for <em>Sprirulina</em> yielded 7–8 g dry algae a day. The biomass was harvested by filtration. The sundried algal biomass has been used as a poultry feed component. In economic terms the system appears promising.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100062,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Wastes","volume":"18 2","pages":"Pages 93-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0141-4607(86)90002-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73011267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 31
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