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Contents of volume 15 第十五卷内容
Agricultural Wastes Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0141-4607(86)90030-2
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引用次数: 0
Agricultural Smells from Livestock Farms—Farm Waste Management 家畜农场的农业气味-农场废物管理
Agricultural Wastes Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0141-4607(86)90011-9
M.R. Evans
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引用次数: 3
In vivo evaluation of spent coffee grounds as a ruminant feed 废咖啡渣作为反刍动物饲料的体内评价
Agricultural Wastes Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0141-4607(86)90108-3
D.I. Givens, W.P. Barber
{"title":"In vivo evaluation of spent coffee grounds as a ruminant feed","authors":"D.I. Givens,&nbsp;W.P. Barber","doi":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90108-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-4607(86)90108-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two samples of spent coffee grounds were examined in the laboratory, using sheep to determine their potential as a ruminant feed. Analyses showed a high cell wall content (74–77% DM). <em>In vivo</em> digestibility coefficients for organic matter (0·22·0·48) were rather low and coefficients for gross energy were very low (0·02·0·17). The very low digestible energy (0·5·4·3 MJ kg<sup>−1</sup> DM) and negative metabolisable energy contents indicate that coffee grounds are worthless as a ruminant feed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100062,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Wastes","volume":"18 1","pages":"Pages 69-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0141-4607(86)90108-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90026861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 61
Improvement of desert ranges in Soviet Central Asia 苏联中亚沙漠山脉的改良
Agricultural Wastes Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0141-4607(86)90151-4
W.R. Stanton
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引用次数: 0
Utilization of beet molasses and whey for fat biosynthesis by a yeast 酵母利用甜菜糖蜜和乳清进行脂肪生物合成
Agricultural Wastes Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0141-4607(86)90104-6
W. Bednarski, J. Leman, J. Tomasik
{"title":"Utilization of beet molasses and whey for fat biosynthesis by a yeast","authors":"W. Bednarski,&nbsp;J. Leman,&nbsp;J. Tomasik","doi":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90104-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-4607(86)90104-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>From a number of yeast strains capable of fat biosynthesis on a medium with beet molasses, <em>Candida curvata</em> D was selected as being most efficient. The optimum conditions for fat biosynthesis by <em>C. curvata</em> D were pH, 5·4; temperature, 30°C; sucrose content of the medium, 25 g litre<sup>−1</sup>.</p><p>Cultivation of <em>C. curvata</em> D on a medium with beet molassed and whey gave food fat and biomass fields. The biomass, preserved separately or together with the spent medium, could be used as a fat-protein component of feeds for poultry, pigs or cattle.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100062,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Wastes","volume":"18 1","pages":"Pages 19-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0141-4607(86)90104-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91593024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
Aerated lagoon treatment of piggery wastes: Kinetics of carbon removal 曝气泻湖处理养猪场废物:碳去除动力学
Agricultural Wastes Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0141-4607(86)90085-5
Jan A. Oleszkiewicz
{"title":"Aerated lagoon treatment of piggery wastes: Kinetics of carbon removal","authors":"Jan A. Oleszkiewicz","doi":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90085-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90085-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Parallel aerated lagoons were operated for almost 2 years at various organic loads. The feed consisted of wastewater from a large piggery-farm pretreated in anaerobic lagoons. First-order kinetic models were developed for substrate removal and biomass generation. The constants from these models were: removal rate <em>k</em> = 0·0014 <em>litre</em> day<sup>−1</sup> mg<sup>−1</sup>, biomass yield <em>Y</em> = 0·5 and decay coefficient <em>k</em><sub><em>d</em></sub> = 0·02 <em>day</em><sup>−1</sup>. It was found that lagoon performance should be interpreted against volumetric organic load rather than against hydraulic residence time or surface load. A load removal kinetic expression of the type <em>S</em>/<em>S</em><sub>0</sub> = <em>exp</em>(− <em>K</em>/<em>L</em>) is proposed. The lagoon data interpreted according to this formula showed that the organics removal occureed sequentially. Two rates were defined. In the case of BOD removal there was a high rate (<em>K</em><sub>1</sub> = 0·6 <em>kgm</em><sup>−3</sup> <em>day</em><sup>−1</sup>) down to a load of <em>L</em> = 0·6 <em>kg</em> <em>m</em><sup>−3</sup> <em>day</em><sup>−1</sup>; and a low rate period <span><math><mtext>(K</mtext><msub><mi></mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mtext> = 0·06 kg m </mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>−3</mn></msup><mtext> day</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>−1</mn></msup><mtext>) below L = 0·6 kg m</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>−3</mn></msup><mtext> day</mtext><msup><mi></mi><mn>−1</mn></msup></math></span>. The turning point occurred at about HRT (hydraulic residence time) =3·2– 4·0 <em>day</em>. The proposed load interpretation allows for optimising the lagoon design into a series of high- and low-rate reactors, where the total volume will always be lower than the volume of one lagoon for the same treatment level.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100062,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Wastes","volume":"16 2","pages":"Pages 121-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0141-4607(86)90085-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91385044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Evaluation of some agricultural wastes as carriers for bacterial inoculants 一些农业废弃物作为细菌接种剂载体的评价
Agricultural Wastes Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0141-4607(86)90138-1
K.V. Sadasivam, R.K. Tyagi, S. Ramarethinam
{"title":"Evaluation of some agricultural wastes as carriers for bacterial inoculants","authors":"K.V. Sadasivam,&nbsp;R.K. Tyagi,&nbsp;S. Ramarethinam","doi":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90138-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90138-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Steam-treated bagasse, alone or with maize cob and paddy straw, untreated bagasse and mahua cake, and paddy straw compost (PSC), were evaluated, after pH adjustment with charcoal or charcoal and lime, as carriers for <em>Azospirilum brasilense</em> and <em>Azotobacter chroococcum</em> in terms of bacterial survival. Three of the materials supported a good population of both bacteria, but <em>A. chroocuccum</em> did not survive on PSC. All materials had good water-holding capacity, porosity and bulk density.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100062,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Wastes","volume":"17 4","pages":"Pages 301-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0141-4607(86)90138-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78190854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
The mechanism of ammonia inhibition in the thermophilic digestion of livestock wastes 家畜粪便嗜热消化过程中氨抑制的机理
Agricultural Wastes Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0141-4607(86)90056-9
W.M. Wiegant, G. Zeeman
{"title":"The mechanism of ammonia inhibition in the thermophilic digestion of livestock wastes","authors":"W.M. Wiegant,&nbsp;G. Zeeman","doi":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90056-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90056-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper proposes a scheme for the inhibition of thermophilic methane digestion processes by high ammonia concentrations. Ammonia acts as a strong inhibitor of the formation of methane from H<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub>. It has only a minor effect on the formation of methane from acetate, as indicated by the independence of the specific growth rate of acetate-consuming methanogens from the ammonia concentration (up to 4500 mg NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N per litre). On the basis of thermodynamic considerations it is shown that the inhibition of the hydrogen consumption leads to an inhibition of propionate breakdown. Accumulated propionate, in turn, acts as an inhibitor of the acetate-consuming methanogens. This scheme explains the discrepancy between the observed acetate accumulation in thermophilic methane digestion systems with high ammonia levels and the independence of acetate mediated methanogenesis from high ammonia concentrations under laboratory conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100062,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Wastes","volume":"16 4","pages":"Pages 243-253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0141-4607(86)90056-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75516129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 122
Pyrolysis of coconut shell and its potential as fuel 椰壳热解及其燃料潜力
Agricultural Wastes Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0141-4607(86)90140-X
K. Prabhakar, R.C. Maheshwari, O.P. Vimal
{"title":"Pyrolysis of coconut shell and its potential as fuel","authors":"K. Prabhakar,&nbsp;R.C. Maheshwari,&nbsp;O.P. Vimal","doi":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90140-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90140-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper deals with the pyrolysis of coconut shell in experimental conditions at different temperatures for varying time periods, to determine the suitable range for obtaining maximum percentage yield of charcoal. Pyrolysis under field conditions has been done to compare the percentage yield efficiency of charcoal with experimental results. The efficiency of pyrolysis in experimental conditions at a temperature of 300°C and 180 s time duration is 70%, while in field conditions the efficiency recorded is 27%. Coconut shell with a yield potential of 2 tonnes per hectare per year in India can fulfil the cooking and heating requirements of two families, with five members each, in rural sectors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100062,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Wastes","volume":"17 4","pages":"Pages 313-317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0141-4607(86)90140-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73317742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Particle boards from agricultural wastes 来自农业废弃物的刨花板
Agricultural Wastes Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0141-4607(86)90069-7
T.O. Odozi, O. Akaranta, P.N. Ejike
{"title":"Particle boards from agricultural wastes","authors":"T.O. Odozi,&nbsp;O. Akaranta,&nbsp;P.N. Ejike","doi":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90069-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90069-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100062,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Wastes","volume":"16 3","pages":"Pages 237-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0141-4607(86)90069-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83395254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 20
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