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Laboratory methods for estimating available nitrogen in manures and sludges 测定粪肥和污泥中有效氮的实验室方法
Agricultural Wastes Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0141-4607(86)90112-5
G.M. Chescheir III, P.W. Westerman, L.M. Safley Jr
{"title":"Laboratory methods for estimating available nitrogen in manures and sludges","authors":"G.M. Chescheir III,&nbsp;P.W. Westerman,&nbsp;L.M. Safley Jr","doi":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90112-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-4607(86)90112-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A soil incubation experiment was conducted to determine nitrate N(NO<sub>3</sub>−N) accumulation rates and available N (<em>AAN</em><sub>t</sub>) values for stored liquid manures from dairy cattle and swine, various poultry manures and a municipal sewage sludge applied to Norfolk and Cecil soils. Potentially available N (<em>PAN</em><sub>t</sub>) in the manures and sludge was also estimated by chemical tests which included an acid permanganate extraction, weak acid extraction, strong acid extraction and pepsin digestion. The resulting <em>PAN</em><sub>t</sub> values were compared to the <em>AAN</em><sub>t</sub> values from the soil incubation study.</p><p>The rates in which NO<sub>3-N</sub> accumulated in soils treated with waste were described using first-order kinetics. The rate constants were highest for soils treated with poultry manure which contained high initial concentrations of ammonia N (NH<sub>3</sub>-N) and rapidly mineralizable ORG-N. The lowest rate constants were for soils treated with municipal sludge which contained low concentrations of NH<sub>3</sub>-N.</p><p>Incubation tests showed significant reductions in inorganic N (IN-N) in the first 2 weeks, which suggested immobilization and/or possibly denitrification or NH<sub>3</sub>-N volatilization. After 26 weeks' incubation, <em>AAN</em><sub>t</sub> varied with waste type and soil type, being from 40% to 67% of total Kjeldahl N (TKN) applied to a Norfolk sandy soil and from 17% to 38% for a Cecil sandy loam.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100062,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Wastes","volume":"18 3","pages":"Pages 175-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0141-4607(86)90112-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91719625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 67
Kinetic and thermal aspects of biogas production 沼气生产的动力学和热方面
Agricultural Wastes Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0141-4607(86)90065-X
Bernardo Ruggeri
{"title":"Kinetic and thermal aspects of biogas production","authors":"Bernardo Ruggeri","doi":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90065-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90065-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An original analytical model of the biochemical behaviour of an anaerobic digester and its thermal balance under steady-state conditions is presented and described. It is based on the fundamental equations for hydrolysis, acidogenesis and methanogenesis and determined by several kinetic parameters. The thermal balance is investigated to define the optimum working temperature in relation to several operating parameters (outdoor temperature, geometry, insulation, etc.), from the maximum net energy content and the energy used to heat the fermenting system, bearing in mind the strongly temperature-dependent biogas productivity of the mesophilic bacteria.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100062,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Wastes","volume":"16 3","pages":"Pages 183-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0141-4607(86)90065-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73679367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The effect upon earthworm populations of very large applications of pig slurry to grassland 草地大量施用猪浆对蚯蚓种群的影响
Agricultural Wastes Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0141-4607(86)90037-5
R.J. Unwin, S. Lewis
{"title":"The effect upon earthworm populations of very large applications of pig slurry to grassland","authors":"R.J. Unwin,&nbsp;S. Lewis","doi":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90037-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90037-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Applications of pig slurry were made to pasture at frequent intervals over a 4-year period. Earthworm populations were assessed after the last treatments had been applied. Total numbers—and those of deep-burrowing species—were greater on the high-slurry plots (5528 m<sup>3</sup> per hectare) than on controls receiving inorganic fertiliser. Approximately 212 kg per hectare of copper and 150 kg per hectare of zinc were applied by this high rate of slurry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100062,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Wastes","volume":"16 1","pages":"Pages 67-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0141-4607(86)90037-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74701147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Agricultural Smells from Livestock Farms—Farm Waste Management: (ADAS Booklet 2480). By V.C. Nielson. ADAS, Farm Waste Unit, Reading, UK, published for HMSO, 1986. 20 pp. Price: £2.00 家畜农场的农业气味-农场废物管理:(ADAS小册子2480)。V.C.尼尔森著。ADAS，农场废物处理单位，雷丁，英国，出版为HMSO, 1986年。20页，价格:2.00英镑
Agricultural Wastes Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0141-4607(86)90011-9
M. Evans
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引用次数: 3
Biogas plants in Europe: A practical handbook 欧洲的沼气厂:实用手册
Agricultural Wastes Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0141-4607(86)90130-7
P.N. Hobson
{"title":"Biogas plants in Europe: A practical handbook","authors":"P.N. Hobson","doi":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90130-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90130-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100062,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Wastes","volume":"15 1","pages":"Page 78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0141-4607(86)90130-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"105772808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of feeding cassava leaf meal on the growth of rabbits 饲喂木薯叶粉对家兔生长发育的影响
Agricultural Wastes Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0141-4607(86)90095-8
V. Ravindran, P. Rajadevan , L.A. Goonewardene , A.S.B. Rajaguru
{"title":"Effects of feeding cassava leaf meal on the growth of rabbits","authors":"V. Ravindran,&nbsp;P. Rajadevan ,&nbsp;L.A. Goonewardene ,&nbsp;A.S.B. Rajaguru","doi":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90095-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90095-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cassava leaf meal (CLM), prepared from leaves remaining after the harvest of cassava roots, contained (dry basis): 20·1% crude protein, 30·3% acid detergent fibre, 4·6 Mcal kg<sup>−1</sup> gross energy, 1·16% calcium, 0·39 phosphorus and 84·0 mg kg<sup>−1</sup> hydrocyanic acid. It was also found to be a good source of essential amino acids, except for methionine, and of trace minerals.</p><p>Two feeding trials were conducted to study the effects of feeding CLM on the growth of rabbits. In each trial, 24 six-weeks-old crossbred rabbits were individually fed diets containing 0%, 20% and 40% CLM substituted for equal amounts of coconut oilcake in a 16% protein control diet. The results suggest that CLM could be used up to the 40% level in growing rabbit diets without any adverse effects on growth performance or carcass characteristics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100062,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Wastes","volume":"17 3","pages":"Pages 217-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0141-4607(86)90095-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84913283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Biological fermentation of fish waste for potential use in animal and poultry feeds 鱼类废弃物生物发酵在畜禽饲料中的潜在应用
Agricultural Wastes Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0141-4607(86)90122-8
T. Hassan, J. L. Heath
{"title":"Biological fermentation of fish waste for potential use in animal and poultry feeds","authors":"T. Hassan, J. L. Heath","doi":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90122-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-4607(86)90122-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100062,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Wastes","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75352083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 45
Kinetics of piggery wastes treatment in anaerobic lagoons 厌氧泻湖中养猪场废物处理动力学
Agricultural Wastes Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0141-4607(86)90033-8
Jan A. Oleszkiewicz, Szymon Koziarski
{"title":"Kinetics of piggery wastes treatment in anaerobic lagoons","authors":"Jan A. Oleszkiewicz,&nbsp;Szymon Koziarski","doi":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90033-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90033-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Results of laboratory studies of anaerobic lagoon performance have been analyzed to yield kinetic data applicable for design. None of the models currently used fitted the data. A novel interpretation has been proposed based on the dependence of effluent quality on volumetric organic loading. It is suggested that the removal takes place in consecutive stages at a progressively decreasing rate (expressed in kg m<sup>−3</sup> day<sup>−1</sup>). In the case of dilute piggery wastes from large farms the first stage of rapid sedimentation takes only a few hours and achieves some 55% removal of COD. The second stage, biochemical removal, proceeds at 1·7 kg COD m<sup>−3</sup> day<sup>−1</sup> for about 3 days HRT and then the removal rate drops down to 0·2kg COD m<sup>−3</sup> day<sup>−1</sup></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100062,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Wastes","volume":"16 1","pages":"Pages 13-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0141-4607(86)90033-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75148861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
On the use of biological and chemical indexes for determining agricultural compost maturity: Extension to the field scale 生物化学指标测定农业堆肥成熟度的应用:推广到田间规模
Agricultural Wastes Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0141-4607(86)90013-2
Bernard Godden, Michel J. Penninckx, Claude Castille
{"title":"On the use of biological and chemical indexes for determining agricultural compost maturity: Extension to the field scale","authors":"Bernard Godden,&nbsp;Michel J. Penninckx,&nbsp;Claude Castille","doi":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90013-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90013-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A comparative study of a bench-scale and a pile composting showed that the C/N, ash percentage and alakaline phosphatase activity were potentially useful parameters for estimating the maturation of cattle manure compost. The values of these parameters were nearly constant during a simulated poor composting, whereas they changed significantly during an optimal process. Other parameters—decomposition degree, chemical oxygen demand, invertase and Rusch number—were less sensitive indicators of composting. The use of these data for agricultural compost samples has shown that high alkaline phosphatase activity and No<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>/NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> ratio were correlated with compost maturity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100062,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Wastes","volume":"15 3","pages":"Pages 169-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0141-4607(86)90013-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74885321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
Evaluation in vitro of Volveriella harvested spent rice straw 废稻草收获菌的体外鉴定
Agricultural Wastes Pub Date : 1986-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0141-4607(86)90026-0
P.N. Langar, M.P.S. Bakshi
{"title":"Evaluation in vitro of Volveriella harvested spent rice straw","authors":"P.N. Langar,&nbsp;M.P.S. Bakshi","doi":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90026-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0141-4607(86)90026-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100062,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Wastes","volume":"15 4","pages":"Pages 309-311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0141-4607(86)90026-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73787257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
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