Advances in Bamboo Science最新文献

{"title":"Physico-mechanical properties and decay fungi resistance of Dendrocalamus asper and Bambusa spinosa thermally modified in spent engine oil medium","authors":"Juanito P. Jimenez Jr.,&nbsp;Mylene D. Rizare","doi":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2024.100117","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2024.100117","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined the effects of thermal modification (TM) using spent engine oil as the heat transfer medium on the physico-mechanical properties and decay resistance of <em>Bambusa spinosa</em> Roxb. and <em>Dendrocalamus asper</em> (Schult. &amp; Schult.f.) Backer. The TM process was conducted at three temperatures (140, 160 and 180 °C) and three durations (30, 60 and 90 minutes), coded as T1 to T9. The tests followed ASTM D 143–94 and ASTM D 2017–05 standards. The results revealed that thermally modified bamboo samples exhibited noticeable aesthetic colour changes, with a gradual darkening towards brown, and significantly improved dimensional stability, demonstrated by reductions in water absorption (27–75 %), thickness swelling (25–89 %), and equilibrium moisture content (31–64 %) compared with control samples. However, a decrease in flexural strength was observed at the highest temperature and longest duration (T9: 180 °C for 90 min), with reductions of 54–56 %. Despite this decrease in mechanical strength, the decay resistance of the T9-treated samples was comparable to chemically preserved bamboo, classifying them as highly resistant to decay fungi. Overall, the study demonstrated that spent engine oil is an effective medium for the thermal modification of bamboo when conducted in a controlled temperature setting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100040,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bamboo Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural geometrical variations of Italian Phyllostachys edulis bamboo culms for construction purposes","authors":"Henrieke Fritz,&nbsp;Matthias Kraus","doi":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2024.100116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2024.100116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amid the increasing scarcity of raw materials, utilizing bamboo as a renewable building material offers significant environmental and economic benefits for the European construction sector. However, in Europe, the use of bamboo for construction remains limited due to a lack of studies on geometrical and material characteristics of European-cultivated bamboo species. Although bamboo is not typically grown in Europe, the number of bamboo plantations is steadily increasing in countries like Spain, France and Italy. Bamboos growing in temperate climates, however, are exposed to different environmental conditions during growth compared to bamboos from subtropical and tropical climates, such as those in China or Vietnam. As bamboo’s geometric properties are strongly influenced by the environmental conditions during growth, it is essential to investigate how bamboo culms of the same species grown in Europe compare to those from other regions. The present article reports findings on the geometry and geometric imperfections of 90 four-meter Italian bamboo culms. First, the Italian <em>Phyllostachys edulis</em> bamboo culms examined in this study are briefly introduced. Following, geometric imperfections of bamboo culms are defined, and the geometry measurement concept is presented. Subsequently, variations in internode lengths, diameters, wall thicknesses, ovalities, stem tapers and pre-deflections are described and analyzed. Finally, the findings from the Italian culms are compared with those from Asian <em>Phyllostachys edulis</em>. In summary, this article enhances the understanding of the geometric properties of bamboo grown in Europe, thereby advancing the use of cultivated bamboo culms in Europe and improving the overall understanding of bamboo characteristics across different climatic zones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100040,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bamboo Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142539687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moisture ageing effects on the mechanical performance of eco-friendly sandwich panels made of aluminium skins, bamboo ring core and bio-based adhesives","authors":"Flávio Napolitano ,&nbsp;Júlio Cesar dos Santos ,&nbsp;Rodrigo José da Silva ,&nbsp;Guilherme Germano Braga ,&nbsp;José Ricardo Tarpani ,&nbsp;Túlio Hallak Panzera ,&nbsp;Fabrizio Scarpa","doi":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2024.100115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2024.100115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent research has been focused on developing high-performance sandwich structures using renewable resources. The adoption of bamboo rings as a core material and bio-based adhesives has emerged as a promising sustainable design solution for panel construction. It is therefore critical to conduct accelerated ageing tests on these materials to evaluate the impact of environmental humidity on their degradation and durability. This study assessed the effects of moisture ageing on the physic-mechanical properties of eco-friendly sandwich panels and their constituents (aluminium skins, bamboo ring core and castor oil bio-adhesive). Mechanical evaluations of sandwich panels with compacted and spaced bamboo ring cores were performed under varying humidity conditions. Bamboo rings exhibited variable bulk density due to swelling and loss of organic material over time. They also demonstrated increased compressive properties after 2 years of natural ageing but reduced performance after 30 days at 100 % relative humidity. The mechanical properties of the bio-based polymer were enhanced through water-ageing exposure. Sandwich panels constructed with compacted bamboo ring cores exhibited higher bending properties than those with spaced ring core architecture, with the latter showing failures characterised by a wrinkling effect on both skins followed by debonding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100040,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bamboo Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142529883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current and future habitat suitability modelling of Bambusa teres outside forest areas in Nepal under climate change scenarios","authors":"Binay Kharel ,&nbsp;Santosh Ayer ,&nbsp;Samit Kafle ,&nbsp;Sachin Timilsina ,&nbsp;Kishor Prasad Bhatta ,&nbsp;Jeetendra Gautam ,&nbsp;Amul Kumar Acharya ,&nbsp;Prakash Lamichhane ,&nbsp;Janak Airee","doi":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2024.100112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2024.100112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Bambusa teres</em> Buch.-Ham. ex Munro (syn. <em>Bambusa nutans</em> subsp. <em>capulata</em> Stapleton) is a fast-growing perennial bamboo that has ecological, economic, cultural and climate change mitigation benefits. However, information on its current and future potential distribution outside forest areas across Nepal and the key factors affecting its growth and distribution are little known. We used a total of 298 occurrence points obtained from the National Bamboo Resource Assessment and 23 environmental variables to project the distribution of <em>B. teres</em> throughout its potential range in Nepal. Maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) was utilized for this study. We assessed the performance of the model using a receiver operating characteristic curve and evaluated the relative importance of predictor variables through a Jackknife procedure. The model achieved a high level of performance with an area under the curve value of 0.928. Precipitation of the coldest quarter (bio_19), temperature seasonality (bio_4) and precipitation seasonality (bio_15) were the significant contributing variables for the distribution of <em>B. teres</em>. The most suitable habitat for <em>B. teres</em>, with a suitability index &gt;0.6, covered 9264.6 km², with large sections in Eastern and Central Nepal. However, under future climate change scenarios, the area of suitable habitat for the species is projected to increase across Nepal. This study serves as a baseline for assessing potential climate change impacts on <em>B. teres</em> and will enable the development of adaptive measures to protect and establish various bamboo populations outside forest areas in Nepal and globally.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100040,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bamboo Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142529882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel dataset for green bamboo compressive strength analysis","authors":"Nitesh Thakur,&nbsp;Pudi Ramyasree,&nbsp;Mainak Mallik,&nbsp;Saurabh Dubey","doi":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2024.100113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2024.100113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a newly assembled dataset tailored for the analysis of mechanical and physical properties of four species of bamboo, <em>Bambusa vulgaris</em> Schrad. ex J.C.Wendl., <em>Melocanna baccifera</em> (Roxb.) Kurz, <em>Bambusa cacharensis</em> R.B.Majumdar and <em>Thyrsostachys oliveri</em> Gamble. Bamboo has huge potential as a sustainable building material, and compressive strength is a key mechanical property. Data on bamboo compressive strength (BCS) along with moisture content (MC) and density (ρ) were acquired through tests conducted in accordance with the IS 6874:2008 protocol. Each bamboo culm was cut down in a manner where the length of the bamboo specimen equaled its outer diameter. The mechanical and physical characteristics of the four bamboo species were compared to analogous species documented in the literature. These data provide insights into the utilization of naturally occurring structural materials harvested in Arunachal Pradesh (India), offering potential applications across various engineering disciplines, notably in the realm of sustainable construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100040,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bamboo Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142529881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of bamboo shoot powders on the quality attributes of cassava-based crackers","authors":"Man Hin Heong ,&nbsp;Nurul Shaeera Sulaiman ,&nbsp;Hana Mohd Zaini ,&nbsp;Anthony Chai ,&nbsp;Sylvester Mantihal ,&nbsp;Wolyna Pindi","doi":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2024.100114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2024.100114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bamboo shoots are a nutritious food rich in protein and dietary fibre, low in carbohydrates and fats, and with good mineral and vitamin profiles. Bamboo shoots are projected to be a superfood, although at present they are considered a neglected food commodity that is restricted to a few Asian countries. The use of bamboo shoot powder (BSP) in food fortification represents a promising avenue for enhancing the nutritional value of foods. This study evaluated the differences in nutrient composition and functional properties of two BSP species (<em>Gigantochloa levis</em> and <em>Bambusa vulgaris</em>), and their effects on the proximate analysis, physicochemical properties and sensory attributes of cassava crackers. <em>G. levis</em> BSP had greater amounts of moisture, protein, fat, ash, and total dietary fibre than <em>B. vulgaris</em> BSP. Both types of BSP had good WHC and swelling power which suggest that they could easily be incorporated into food systems. <em>B. vulgaris</em> BSP had better WHC and swelling power than <em>G. levis</em> BSP. The cassava crackers were formulated as C control (0 % BSP), B5 (5 % <em>B. vulgaris</em>), B10 (10 % <em>B. vulgaris</em>), G5 (5 % <em>G. levis</em>), and G10 (10 % <em>G. levis</em>). Adding BSP significantly increased (<em>p&lt;0.05</em>) the moisture, protein, ash, crude fibre and total dietary fibre of the crackers. <em>G. levis</em> BSP had a stronger influence on the colour (<em>p&lt;0.05</em>) of cassava crackers. The overall liking score of cassava crackers containing 5 % <em>G. levis</em> BSP was the highest (<em>p&lt;0.05</em>). In conclusion, BSP enhanced the nutritional properties while improving the sensory characteristics of cassava crackers. BSP is potentially useful as a functional ingredient in cassava crackers and snack products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100040,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bamboo Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142529880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the mineral content, nutritional, and phytochemical composition of aqueous shoot extracts of bamboo for ethnopharmacological significance from the Niyamgiri hill range, Kalahandi, Odisha, India","authors":"Biswajeet Acharya ,&nbsp;Amulyaratna Behera ,&nbsp;Prafulla Kumar Sahu ,&nbsp;Durga Prasad Mishra ,&nbsp;Sukumar Purohit ,&nbsp;Bimalendu Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Suchismeeta Behera","doi":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2024.100110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2024.100110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bamboo is highly regarded for its rich nutritional value and versatility as a sustainable resource. Its unique nutraceutical properties contribute to various pharmacological effects, making it a standout in natural health and wellness. This study compared elemental, nutritional, and phytochemical characteristics of ten bamboo species (<em>Bambusa balcooa, Bambusa bambos, Bambusa spinosa, Bambusa vulgaris</em>, <em>Bambusa textilis, Dendrocalamus strictus, Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, Dendrocalamus giganteus, Thyrsostachys siamensis</em> and <em>Fargesia nitida</em>) collected from the Niyamgiri Hill Range in Western Odisha, India. We conducted a systematic ethnobotanical survey to collect the selected bamboo samples from the study region. Nutritional, phytochemical and elemental analyses were performed to evaluate mineral content, macronutrients, micronutrients and phytochemical composition in aqueous extract of bamboo shoots of different species. <em>Bambusa vulgaris</em> emerged as the most ethnopharmacologically significant bamboo species, exhibiting a cultural index of 0.96. It displayed higher levels of key nutritional and phytochemical components, including crude fibre, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre, alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin and total energy, than the other species. Additionally, <em>Bambusa vulgaris</em> contained substantial quantities of essential minerals, such as potassium, phosphorus, iron, copper, calcium and magnesium. These findings offer valuable insights into the diversity of these bamboo species and their potential applications in nutrition and industry. The composition and quantitative determination of specific compounds provide useful insights that could reveal their potential uses and aid in developing new drugs and formulations, contributing to sustainable resource utilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100040,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bamboo Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variability of the chemical composition of Dendrocalamus giganteus in relation to growth stage","authors":"Mohammad Jakir Hossain ,&nbsp;Rupak Kumar Ghosh ,&nbsp;Atanu Kumar Das ,&nbsp;Roni Maryana ,&nbsp;Muryanto Muryanto ,&nbsp;Shambhu Chandra Nath ,&nbsp;Md. Rakibul Islam","doi":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2024.100111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2024.100111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bamboo is a renewable bioresource with extensive applications, from construction to textiles, and is essential for bioenergy and eco-friendly practices. Despite its potential use in biorefineries, the utilization of abundant species like <em>Dendrocalamus giganteus</em> is hindered by a lack of comprehensive knowledge regarding its chemical composition at various growth stages. In this study, we addressed this gap by quantifying the holocellulose, lignin and extractive contents of <em>D</em>. <em>giganteus</em> from the tropical forests of Bangladesh. We examined the composition across different ages and heights, assessing the solubility of holocellulose, lignin and extractive contents, with a view to enhance the use of <em>D. giganteus</em> in biorefinery industries. We analyzed chemical composition and assessed the solubility using both hot and cold water, as well as conducting 1 % NaOH (caustic soda) solubility tests following the TAPPI (Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry) standards. The holocellulose, lignin, and extractive content increased with the increase age of the bamboo. These components also increased with increasing height, regardless of age. The solubility in water and NaOH, on the other hand, decreased with the increasing age and height positions. The top of 4-year-old bamboo exhibited the highest levels of holocellulose (70.2 %), lignin (29.7 %), and extractive components (6.9 %), but the lowest solubilities in hot water (6.18 %), cold water (3.58 %) and caustic soda (22.48 %). These findings suggest that <em>D. giganteus</em> has potential applications in specific industries, such as pulp and paper, nanocellulose, bioethanol, biochemicals and bio-based composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100040,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bamboo Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of mixing ratio for the production of particle board from bamboo leaves, saw dust and urea formaldehyde","authors":"Olamide Olawale ,&nbsp;Chika Mathew ,&nbsp;Oluwakemi Erinle ,&nbsp;Faith Ajao ,&nbsp;SIJI Abayomi","doi":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2024.100108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2024.100108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the best mix sawdust, bamboo leaves, and urea formaldehyde to create particleboard by optimizing the mixing ratio. Finding the optimal ratio of sawdust, urea formaldehyde, and bamboo leaves for the binders used in particle board production was the aim of this study. The particle boards' mechanical and physical tests were investigated. The surface morphology of particleboards and its elemental compositions were examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The result observed from mechanical and physical tests conducted particle boards showed that best particleboard of composition 100 % sawdust, 50 % bamboo leaves and 2.5 g urea had the highest density of 675.643 kg/m³, modulus rupture of 3.84 N/mm² and modulus elasticity of 2756 N/mm². The optimal level generated by the experimental design of composition 50 % sawdust, 50 % bamboo leaves and 2.0 g urea were validated. MOR of 13.02 N/mm² and MOE observed were 881.39 N/mm². The SEM and EDS results revealed that optimal particleboard of validated experiment had surface with more fibrous network structures than particle board of the best process level. The particleboard that was produced from validated experiment complied with the American National Standard ANSI/A208.1–999.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100040,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bamboo Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142427502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of site-specific allometric equation and predicting aboveground biomass of natural and plantation forests of Oxytenathera abyssinica (A. Rich.) Munro, Northwestern Ethiopia","authors":"Habtamu Achenef Tesema ,&nbsp;Beyene Belay ,&nbsp;Asabeneh Alemayehu","doi":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2024.100107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bamboo.2024.100107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bamboo is an ideal plant for commercial production due to its rapid growth rate, high biomass production, low cost of production and environmental friendliness. Although Ethiopia has the highest bamboo cover in Africa, allometric equations for estimating its biomass are scarce. Most allometric models developed to date have been largely concerned with trees and shrubs. The objective of this study was to generate species- and site-specific allometric models that could be used to estimate the total aboveground dry biomass and culm dry biomass of lowland bamboo in northwest Ethiopia. Three power form-based allometric models were created using diameter at breast height (DBH) and culm height (H) as independent variables. One hundred and eight <em>Oxytenathera abyssinica</em> culms were used to predict the total aboveground biomass and culm biomass. Model one (M1) was the best model to predict the culm and total aboveground biomass of the species, regardless of forest type. The allometric models may provide useful information about aboveground biomass and culm biomass estimation methods to forestry professionals, bamboo producers and other stakeholders, and could help in the calculation of the country’s contribution to global carbon sequestration and trade.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100040,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Bamboo Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773139124000521/pdfft?md5=c74f48144a46704e34f09af007643967&pid=1-s2.0-S2773139124000521-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142149528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}