Christopher Heuer, Anton Enders, Steffen Winkler, Martin Klaßen, Thorsten Teutenberg, Janina Bahnemann
{"title":"A 3D-Printed Microfluidic Sensor Platform for Online Bioprocess Monitoring","authors":"Christopher Heuer, Anton Enders, Steffen Winkler, Martin Klaßen, Thorsten Teutenberg, Janina Bahnemann","doi":"10.1002/adsr.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adsr.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In order to screen for optimal bioprocess parameters at higher throughput, researchers developing new biopharmaceuticals are increasingly turning to miniaturized cultivation systems with reduced space and media consumption. However, these systems still face challenges related to the continuous monitoring of critical bioprocess parameters, in particular, because sensor integration is often difficult, and sample volumes for offline measurements are limited. In this work, a novel 3D-printed microfluidic lab-on-a-chip sensor platform is presented, specifically designed to be compatible with a range of cultivation systems (including shake flasks, bioreactors, and custom microbioreactors). The microfluidic system acts as a miniaturized bypass, integrating sensors for real-time monitoring of key bioprocess parameters (such as pH, pO₂, pCO₂, glucose, and lactate) without compromising culture volume. This system has been successfully applied in a proof-of-concept for the cultivation of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>. In addition, this platform also includes an integrated sampling unit for small-volume collection, thereby potentially enabling the analysis of complex analyte mixtures such as amino acids or recombinant proteins. The presented system thus represents a valuable tool for both real-time online monitoring and offline analysis, contributing to the optimization of biopharmaceutical production processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":100037,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Sensor Research","volume":"4 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adsr.70001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hankun Yang, Monsur Islam, Vanessa Trouillet, Martin Sommer, Jan G. Korvink, Uli Lemmer, Bharat Sharma
{"title":"Electrospun Vanadium Pentoxide (V2O5) Nanofibers for Enhanced Humidity Sensing","authors":"Hankun Yang, Monsur Islam, Vanessa Trouillet, Martin Sommer, Jan G. Korvink, Uli Lemmer, Bharat Sharma","doi":"10.1002/adsr.202500040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adsr.202500040","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Adequate humidity monitoring is crucial for many industrial and consumer applications. Among various moisture-absorbing materials, 2D materials are potential contestants for fabricating humidity sensors owing to their fascinating ultra-high surface-to-volume ratio, abundant active sites, and large carrier mobilities. In this work, vanadium pentoxide (V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) nanofibers (NFs) produced by a facile electrospinning method using VO(acac)2 10% Polyacrylonitrile/Dimethylformamid are showcased for humidity sensing. The annealing temperature-dependent (400–600 °C) variations in morphology and composition of the electrospun V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> NFs are studied by structural and physicochemical characterization methods. Subsequently, the V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> NFs are effectively used for humidity sensing at room temperature (RT). It is demonstrated that the optimum RT humidity response and sensitivity of the NF sensor are obtained at an annealing temperature of 500 °C with a high surface area of 14.8 m<sup>2</sup>g<sup>−1</sup> containing large porous fibers ranging from 200 to 500 nm diameter. The synthesized V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> NF sensor exhibits high sensitivity to water at RT (max. 1.427 at 90 %RH), excellent linearity, wide range (10–90%RH), and quick response and recovery times. This work sets a benchmark for designing novel V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>-based RT humidity sensing devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":100037,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Sensor Research","volume":"4 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adsr.202500040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fabian H. L. Starsich, Julia Feye, Robert Niβler, Gabriela Da Silva André, Elena Totter, Konrad Scheffler, Florian Thieben, Erik Mayr, Jochen Franke, Tobias Knopp, Inge K. Herrmann
{"title":"Responsive Mn-Ferrite Nanoparticles for Multicolor Magnetic Particle Imaging, Sensing, and Reactive Oxygen Species Degradation","authors":"Fabian H. L. Starsich, Julia Feye, Robert Niβler, Gabriela Da Silva André, Elena Totter, Konrad Scheffler, Florian Thieben, Erik Mayr, Jochen Franke, Tobias Knopp, Inge K. Herrmann","doi":"10.1002/adsr.202400189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adsr.202400189","url":null,"abstract":"<p>New possibilities offered by Magnetic Particle Spectroscopy (MPS) and Imaging (MPI) are increasingly being recognized and may accelerate the introduction of MPI into clinical settings. As MPI is a tracer-based imaging method, the design and development of responsive tracers for functional imaging are particularly appealing. Here, Mn-ferrite (Mn<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>3-x</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) nanoparticles with finely tuned magnetic properties and enzyme-like capabilities are reported as potential multifunctional theranostic agents. By adjusting the Mn content in the iron oxide matrix, the magnetic particle imaging signal of different tracers can be tweaked, allowing for the simultaneous quantitative detection of two different tracers in a multi-color approach. The Mn<sub>2</sub>FeO<sub>4</sub> tracers exhibit potent enzyme-like catalytic properties, enabling degradation of reactive oxygen species, including H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and OH<sup>−</sup>. Due to the readily interchangeable oxidation states of Mn and Fe atoms in the crystal structure, a strong dependence of the magnetic properties is observed on H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> exposure, which can be exploited for sensing. This enables, for the first time, the sensing of reactive oxygen species based on magnetic particle spectroscopy and imaging, with sensitivity down to 25 µ<span>m</span> H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and complete sensor recovery over time. In summary, Mn-ferrite nanoparticles hold promising potential for imaging, sensing, and degradation of disease-relevant reactive oxygen species.</p>","PeriodicalId":100037,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Sensor Research","volume":"4 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adsr.202400189","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimized Pt Loaded Cerium Tungstate Electrochemical Sensor for Rapid Response and Recovery NO2 Detection","authors":"Jiaxin Li, Xichao Mo, Chonghui Zhu, Minghui Yang","doi":"10.1002/adsr.202400192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adsr.202400192","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) is a dangerous environmental pollutant that poses a risk to human health and ecosystems, leading to respiratory disease and environmental degradation. Current detection methods often suffer from high power consumption, environmental sensitivity, and limited stability. In this study, an electrochemical gas sensor synthesized by calcination and hydrothermal method is presented using cerium tungstate (Ce<sub>2</sub>(WO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>) as a support material doped with 0.5 wt.% platinum (Pt). The sensor has a detection limit as low as 0.5 ppm, a response time of 27.1 s, and a recovery time of 7.9 s at room temperature. It also has better selectivity for NO<sub>2</sub> than other gases and good humidity resistance. The improved sensing performance is attributed to the increase in oxygen vacancy concentration and the favorable interaction between Pt and Ce<sub>2</sub>(WO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>, which promotes active site formation and catalytic efficiency. These results highlight the potential of Pt/Ce<sub>2</sub>(WO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> as an effective and energy-efficient sensor for NO<sub>2</sub> detection, providing a new approach for real-time monitoring with fast recovery and high selectivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":100037,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Sensor Research","volume":"4 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adsr.202400192","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fully Printed Variable Orifice Flowmeter with Built-In Temperature Compensation for Application in Mechanical Ventilation","authors":"Vincenzo Saroli, Emiliano Schena, Carlo Massaroni","doi":"10.1002/adsr.202400196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adsr.202400196","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurate measurement of respiratory gas exchange is essential for mechanical ventilation. Variable orifice (VO) flowmeters address the limitations of traditional designs by using an orifice that adapts the passage area to the flowrate. However, temperature changes during mechanical ventilation affect VO response, requiring additional components for compensation. The fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique offers a solution by enabling the creation of complex geometries and integrating conductive filaments. Despite its potential, FDM application in flowmeter development remains limited. This article presents the design and characterization of a VO flowmeter with built-in temperature compensation designed for flow measurement under different mechanical ventilation settings. A VO in CB-TPU is directly integrated into the duct to transduce the flowrate into a pressure drop, while simultaneously estimating the fluid temperature. VOs designed with different thicknesses (i.e., 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 mm) are tested to investigate how this parameter influences the relationship between flowrate and pressure drop. In addition, it focused on the advantages of using CB-TPU for estimating the gas temperature to compensate temperature influence on the estimated flowrate. The secondary element consists of a differential pressure transducer characterized by a diaphragm strain gauge made of CB-TPU and silicone rubber.</p>","PeriodicalId":100037,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Sensor Research","volume":"4 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adsr.202400196","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohsen Samadi, Jana Marie Meyer, Elizaveta Spetzler, Benjamin Spetzler, Jeffrey McCord, Fabian Lofink, Martina Gerken
{"title":"Modeling of High-Sensitivity SAW Magnetic Field Sensors with Au-SiO2 Phononic Crystals","authors":"Mohsen Samadi, Jana Marie Meyer, Elizaveta Spetzler, Benjamin Spetzler, Jeffrey McCord, Fabian Lofink, Martina Gerken","doi":"10.1002/adsr.202500008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adsr.202500008","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development of high-sensitivity magnetic field sensors is crucial for precise magnetic field detection. In this context, a theoretical model is presented for a highly sensitive surface acoustic wave (SAW) magnetic field sensor incorporating phononic crystal (PnC) structures composed of Au pillars embedded within a SiO<sub>2</sub> guiding layer. Rectangular and triangular PnC configurations are studied and their potential for improving sensor performance are assessed. In the design, the PnC is integrated into the SiO<sub>2</sub> guiding layer to preserve the continuous magnetostrictive layer, enhancing its interaction with the SAW. Results from the simulations indicate that the proposed sensor can achieve a nearly two orders of magnitude increase in sensitivity compared to a continuous delay line of similar dimensions, and an eightfold improvement over a previous sensor design with PnCs composed of magnetostrictive pillars. This improved performance is attributed to the enhanced interaction between the SAW and the continuous magnetostrictive layer, driven by resonance effects within the PnC. These findings highlight the significant potential of incorporating PnCs into SAW sensors for future high-performance magnetic field sensing.</p>","PeriodicalId":100037,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Sensor Research","volume":"4 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adsr.202500008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143920010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Functional Molecule-Integrated Nano-Interfaces for Detection of Extracellular Vesicles","authors":"Hirobumi Sunayama, Yuya Matsui, Toshifumi Takeuchi","doi":"10.1002/adsr.202400186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adsr.202400186","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Functional molecule-integrated polymer nanocavities for the detection of extracellular vesicles (EVs) are prepared via template polymerization and multistep post-modification. A multifunctional polymer bearing a tertiary amino group for interaction with template silica nanoparticles (NPs) and a polymerizable methacryl group is prepared and complexed with 500-nm silica NPs. The complex is monodispersedly immobilized on the carboxyl group and Br group introduced onto the Au-coated glass substrate. Additionally, surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine is conducted to form a biocompatible polymer layer. After the silica NPs are removed, the disulfide bond is cleaved using tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine to remove the multifunctional polymer components, yielding a thiol group-exposed nanocavity. The degree of functionalization is controlled by changing the mixing ratio of the fluorescent and non-fluorescent dyes. A multifunctionalized nanocavity is prepared by introducing a fluorescent dye and nitrilotriacetic acid moiety, followed by His-tagged protein G and an antibody for the CD9 protein, yielding EV-sensing nano-interfaces. This fluorescent signaling interface responds to EVs in a concentration-dependent manner, with an estimated limit of detection of 0.1 fM. These responses are not observed when the reference antibody is introduced, confirming cavity-selective functionalization. The proposed method is useful for fabricating multifunctional nano-interfaces in the field of life sciences.</p>","PeriodicalId":100037,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Sensor Research","volume":"4 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adsr.202400186","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design of Highly Stretchable, Self-Adhesive Ionic Conductive Hydrogels for Wearable Strain Sensors","authors":"Huawei Gao, Yupan Han, Mengjie Huang, Jianwei Li, Hongling Sun, Guojie Li, Lin Dong, Xianhu Liu, Chuntai Liu, Changyu Shen","doi":"10.1002/adsr.202500005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adsr.202500005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Conductive hydrogels (CHs) have received numerous attentions for potential applications in flexible electronics. However, the construction of high-performance CHs with high stretchability, favorable electrical conductivity, and reversible adhesiveness simultaneously still remains a great challenge. Herein, an ionic CH with the above characteristics is proposed via introducing phytic acid (PA) into semi-interpenetrating cross-linked network of poly(acrylamide-co-N-(hydroxymethyl) acrylamide) and chitosan hydrogels. The synergy of hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions endows the obtained hydrogel with high stretchability (1131%), toughness (88.32 kJ·m<sup>−3</sup>), and satisfactory adhesiveness (25.78 kPa to wood). The presence of PA enables the composite hydrogel to exhibit favorable electrical conductivity. Impressively, the resultant hydrogel can be assembled into the wearable strain sensor to present high sensitivity of 1.32 in the wide strain response range (0–1131%), rapid response time (340 ms), and excellent cyclic stability. More importantly, the prepared stain sensor can precisely recognize complicated human movements and physiological activities and realize the information encryption, making this hydrogel a promising candidate for preparing high-performance electronics.</p>","PeriodicalId":100037,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Sensor Research","volume":"4 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adsr.202500005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143920013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haider N. Sultani, Ibrahim M. Morgan, Hidayat Hussain, Haleh H. Haeri, Dariush Hinderberger, Goran N. Kaluđerović, Bernhard Westermann
{"title":"Synthesis of Rhodamine TEMPO Conjugates via Isonitrile-Based Multicomponent-Reactions for Mitochondria-Targeted ROS-Detection in Cancer Cells","authors":"Haider N. Sultani, Ibrahim M. Morgan, Hidayat Hussain, Haleh H. Haeri, Dariush Hinderberger, Goran N. Kaluđerović, Bernhard Westermann","doi":"10.1002/adsr.202400180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adsr.202400180","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A novel series of profluorescent rhodamine nitroxide conjugates are synthesized utilizing well-known isonitrile-based multicomponent reactions (IMCRs). The synthesized conjugates are rationally designed as mitochondria-targeting probes for the detection of reactive oxygen species in living cells. Herein, the synthesized probes demonstrate high selectivity to target the mitochondria of both of PC3- and NIH3T3-cells which represent cancer and normal cell lines. Attaching TEMPO nitroxide to rhodamine leads to fluorescence quenching, allowing for ROS detection and quantification. The prepared sensors provide a reliable method for distinguishing between different oxidative environments in living organisms through different levels of fluorescence to be measured. The use of the Ugi multicomponent reaction enables an efficient and versatile synthetic approach, offering significant advantages over previously reported methods for constructing ROS-detecting probes. The simplicity of the reaction setup and the ability to generate a diverse library of products by varying Ugi components make this protocol highly adaptable for further chemical modification and potential applications in biological systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":100037,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Sensor Research","volume":"4 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adsr.202400180","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alberto Sinibaldi, Francesco Chiavaioli, Agostino Occhicone, Norbert Danz, Peter Munzert, Francesco Baldini, Ambra Giannetti, Francesco Michelotti
{"title":"Picomolar Detection of Tau Protein Using 1D Photonic Crystal Biochips for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis","authors":"Alberto Sinibaldi, Francesco Chiavaioli, Agostino Occhicone, Norbert Danz, Peter Munzert, Francesco Baldini, Ambra Giannetti, Francesco Michelotti","doi":"10.1002/adsr.202400164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adsr.202400164","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder that gradually impairs all cognitive functions. The diagnosis typically requires a combination of cognitive assessments, neuroimaging techniques, and biomarker analysis. In healthy neurons, Tau protein stabilizes microtubules, which are vital for maintaining the structure and proper functioning of nerve cells. However, elevated levels of Tau in cerebrospinal or other body fluids can be related to the progression of Alzheimer's disease. This study introduces an optical technique that employs a dual label-free and fluorescence operation mode to detect Tau protein in both standard running buffer and cerebrospinal fluid. This innovative method enables label-free analysis of the bio-conjugation process on biochips used for resolved fluorescence-based Tau detection. This work successfully demonstrates Tau protein detection in both matrixes, achieving an outstanding limit of detection of 2.4 pM in cerebrospinal fluid. Moreover, the analysis of the dose-response curve allows to estimate the dissociation constant (K<sub>D</sub> = 18 nM) for Tau interactions, yielding values that are in excellent agreement with existing literature using other techniques. These aspects highlight the added value of this technique, providing a valuable tool for investigating Alzheimer's-related biomarkers, as demonstrated in this study with Tau protein.</p>","PeriodicalId":100037,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Sensor Research","volume":"4 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adsr.202400164","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}