{"title":"Micro/Nanofibers for Flexible, Stretchable, and Strain-Insensitive Wearable Electronics- A Review","authors":"Adeela Hanif, Dong Sung Kim","doi":"10.1002/adsr.202400133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adsr.202400133","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development of flexible and stretchable wearable electronics has significantly advanced smart fabrics, biomedical devices, and healthcare technologies. However, these devices often face challenges from mechanical deformations that disrupt signals, emphasizing the need for strain-insensitive architectures to maintain functionality under varying strain conditions. Progress in this field relies on multifunctional, strain-insensitive microfibers and nanofibers (NFs) to ensure consistent performance while minimizing signal interference caused by mechanical stress. This review highlights the advantages of fibers for flexible, stretchable, and strain-insensitive wearable electronics, analyzing materials, fabrication methods, and design strategies that optimize strain insensitivity in single free-standing microfibers (SFMs) and NF-based devices. It emphasizes maintaining mechanical and electrical stability under large strains through strategic material selection, advanced fiber spinning techniques, and innovative structural designs. While emphasizing SFMs, this review also provides a concise exploration of the role of NFs within this context. The applications of SFMs in wearable electronics, particularly as conductors, sensors, and components in smart textiles, are discussed with an emphasis on strain insensitivity. The review concludes by addressing challenges in this evolving field of wearable electronics and outlining future research directions, offering insights to drive innovations in fiber-based wearable electronics for reliable, lightweight, breathable, user-friendly, and high-performance wearable devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":100037,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Sensor Research","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adsr.202400133","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuan-Sin Tang, Ting-Wei Huang, Tung-Lin Yang, Huei-Ying Cheng, Yu-Ting Cheng, Hsiao-En Tsai, Yung-Chieh Lo, Y. S. Chen
{"title":"Real-Time Lactate Detection in A Dynamic Environment Using Micrsensing Needles","authors":"Yuan-Sin Tang, Ting-Wei Huang, Tung-Lin Yang, Huei-Ying Cheng, Yu-Ting Cheng, Hsiao-En Tsai, Yung-Chieh Lo, Y. S. Chen","doi":"10.1002/adsr.202400089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adsr.202400089","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study introduces a novel microneedle-based lactate sensor with SU-8 micropillar enhancement, designed for real-time monitoring in dynamic environments. Utilizing inkjet-printing technology, the sensor demonstrates enhanced sensitivity and a reduced limit of detection (LoD), addressing critical challenges in clinical applications like hemodialysis and patient monitoring in ICU. Design enhancements in the medical steel needle improve stress resistance during insertion, contributing to the sensor's reliability. The experimental findings demonstrate that the microneedle is capable of achieving a high level of linearity at 0.99, with a sensitivity of 3.38 µA m<span>M</span><sup>−1</sup>/mm<sup>−</sup><sup>2</sup>–0.5 µA m<span>M</span><sup>−1</sup>/mm<sup>−</sup><sup>2</sup> observed within the range of 0.1–0.5 m<span>M</span> and 1–10 m<span>M</span>, respectively. Meanwhile, the microneedle exhibits a low limit of detection (LoD) of 0.01 m<span>M</span> when tested in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with varying lactate concentrations. Moreover, it demonstrates a linearity of 0.98, sensitivity of 1.13 µA m<span>M</span><sup>−1</sup> mm<sup>−2</sup>, and the same LoD of 0.01 m<span>M</span> in urine. The sensor maintains its performance at flow rates up to 500 mL min<sup>−1</sup>. Overall, this flexible and inkjet-printed lactate sensor represents a significant advancement in real-time clinical monitoring technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":100037,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Sensor Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adsr.202400089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joaquin F. Diforti, Thomas Cunningham, Zaira Zegalo, Esteban Piccinini, Waldemar A. Marmisollé, Jose M. Piccinini, Omar Azzaroni
{"title":"Transforming Renal Diagnosis: Graphene-Enhanced Lab-On-a-Chip for Multiplexed Kidney Biomarker Detection in Capillary Blood (Adv. Sensor Res. 11/2024)","authors":"Joaquin F. Diforti, Thomas Cunningham, Zaira Zegalo, Esteban Piccinini, Waldemar A. Marmisollé, Jose M. Piccinini, Omar Azzaroni","doi":"10.1002/adsr.202470032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adsr.202470032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Graphene-Based Lab-On-a-Chip</b></p><p>A Graphene-based Lab-On-a-Chip (G-LOC) has been developed and validated for multiplex self-testing renal biomarkers in capillary blood. G-LOC offers over 98.7% accuracy and a user-friendly interface, enabling true at-home and digital diagnostics with lab-grade precision and instant results. It has the potential to tackle major healthcare challenges, including large-scale screening and monitoring of chronic kidney disease (CKD). More details can be found in article 2400061 by Esteban Piccinini, Omar Azzaroni, and co-workers.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":100037,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Sensor Research","volume":"3 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adsr.202470032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142641260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Step Toward ESIPT-Based Mitochondrial Probe That Responds to ATP Level","authors":"Yonghao Li, Dipendra Dahal, Yi Pang","doi":"10.1002/adsr.202400117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adsr.202400117","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) probe with a benzoindolium terminal group has been synthesized, whose fluorescence shows large Stokes’ shift (Δλ≈ 250 nm) and good fluorescence quantum yield (λ<sub>em</sub>≈ 715 nm, φ<sub>fl</sub>≈ 0.2 in CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>). Spectroscopic studies suggest that the probe is also involved in a minor equilibrium Ar−OH (λ<sub>em</sub>≈ 715 nm) ↔ Ar−O<sup>−</sup> (λ<sub>em</sub>≈ 610 nm) + H<sup>+</sup>, resulting from deprotonation of phenolic proton. This made it possible for two-channel responses. When being used to stain biological cells, the probe exhibits excellent selectivity toward intracellular mitochondria but gives unusually strong emission from ≈600 nm. Near-infrared (NIR) emission is only observable when cellular ATP production is inhibited. The study thus illustrated a unique reaction-based probe for detecting ATP in the intracellular organelle.</p>","PeriodicalId":100037,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Sensor Research","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adsr.202400117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kaila L. Peterson, Rajendra P. Shukla, Michael A. Daniele
{"title":"Percutaneous Wearable Biosensors: A Brief History and Systems Perspective","authors":"Kaila L. Peterson, Rajendra P. Shukla, Michael A. Daniele","doi":"10.1002/adsr.202400068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adsr.202400068","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wearable biosensors are envisioned to disrupt both delivery and accessibility of healthcare by providing real-time, continuous monitoring of informative and predictive physiological markers in convenient, user-friendly, and portable designs. In recent years, there has been myriad demonstrations of biosensor-integrated clothing and skin-borne biosensor patches, enabled by device miniaturization, reduced power consumption, and new biosensing chemistries. Despite these impressive demonstrations, most consumer-grade wearables have been limited to biophotonic and biopotential sensing methods to extrapolate information such as pulse, blood oxygenation, and electrocardiograms. The only commercial example of wearable electrochemical sensing methods is for glucose monitoring. However, there is a growing interest in developing percutaneous biosensors for monitoring in interstitial fluid (ISF), which offers direct access to popular analytes such as glucose, lactate, and urea, as well as new targets like hormones, antibodies, and even medications. Herein, a brief context for the current status of wearable biosensors is provided and assess the major engineering successes and pitfalls of percutaneous biosensors over the past five years, with a view to identifying areas for further developments that will enable deployable, clinical- or consumer-grade systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":100037,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Sensor Research","volume":"3 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adsr.202400068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiang Yu, Yun Ji, Kewei Zhang, Xinyi Shen, Shijian Zhang, Mofei Xu, Xiaoyun Le
{"title":"Ferroelectric Nanomaterials for Energy Harvesting and Self-Powered Sensing Applications","authors":"Xiang Yu, Yun Ji, Kewei Zhang, Xinyi Shen, Shijian Zhang, Mofei Xu, Xiaoyun Le","doi":"10.1002/adsr.202400049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adsr.202400049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The rapid development of the Internet of Things has introduced new challenges for miniaturized, highly integrated energy harvesters and sensors, promoting the exploration of various novel nanomaterials. Ferroelectric nanomaterials, characterized by large remanent polarization, exceptional dielectric properties, outstanding chemical stability, and diverse electricity generation capabilities, are emerging as promising candidates in a variety of fields. Possessing various mechanisms for electricity generation, including piezoelectric, pyroelectric, photovoltaic, and triboelectric effects, ferroelectric nanomaterials demonstrate their capability for harvesting and sensing multiple energies simultaneously, including light, thermal, and mechanical energies. This capability contributes to the miniaturization and high integration of electronic devices. This article reviews recent achievements in ferroelectric nanomaterials and their applications in energy harvesting and self-powered sensing. Different categories of ferroelectric nanomaterials, their ferroelectric properties, and fabrication methods are introduced. The working mechanisms and performance of ferroelectric energy harvesters and self-powered sensors are described. Additionally, future prospects are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":100037,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Sensor Research","volume":"3 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adsr.202400049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fluorescence-Based Detector Design Principles for Low Vapor Pressure Analytes","authors":"Alex S. Loch, Paul L. Burn, Paul E. Shaw","doi":"10.1002/adsr.202400092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adsr.202400092","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fluorescence-based sensing is a promising method for detecting trace quantities (vapors) of chemical threats. However, direct detection at standard temperature and pressure of chemicals with low volatilities, such as the salts of illegal drugs, is difficult to achieve. Herein, the development of a testing platform designed to maximize the response from fluorescent material detection of low volatility analytes, using the salts of illicit drugs as exemplars, is described. The challenges encountered in detecting low-volatility analytes are highlighted, and the hardware solutions employed to overcome them are detailed. The testing platform is composed of a swab heating unit, a sensing chamber, and optical components that enable detection of illicit drugs via a fluorescence quenching mechanism. The swab heating unit facilitates volatilization of the analytes, with the shape of the sensing chamber and its fabrication material optimized to maximize the interaction of the analyte with the sensing element, increasing sensitivity. The detection platform is able to detect trace amounts (down to 30 ng) of (±)-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine hydrochloride (MDA•HCl), along with other common illicit drug salts such as cocaine hydrochloride (cocaine•HCl), fentanyl•HCl, and methamphetamine•HCl (MA•HCl).</p>","PeriodicalId":100037,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Sensor Research","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adsr.202400092","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143116964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Keshavananda Prabhu C P, Shambhulinga Aralekallu, Lokesh Koodlur Sannegowda
{"title":"Efficacy of Phthalocyanine-Based Catalysts in Electrochemical Sensors: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Keshavananda Prabhu C P, Shambhulinga Aralekallu, Lokesh Koodlur Sannegowda","doi":"10.1002/adsr.202400088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adsr.202400088","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Metal phthalocyanines (MPcs) are promising materials for electrochemical sensing due to their physicochemical properties, including redox activity, structural versatility, and chemical stability. These materials can incorporate various metals into their central core, ensuring tunable catalytic activity and enhanced sensitivity and selectivity. This makes MPcs valuable for designing advanced electrochemical sensors, which require precise and reliable performance for applications ranging from environmental monitoring to biomedical diagnostics. This review discusses the advancements in MPc-based catalysts for electrochemical sensors, focusing on their superior catalytic properties, stability under diverse operating conditions, and high functionalization potential. The unique redox behavior of the metal center in MPcs ensures improved detection capabilities of analytes like biomolecules, heavy metal ions, and environmental pollutants, positioning MPc materials as a cornerstone in future sensor technology. MPc-based sensors have diverse applications across various fields, including environmental sensing, medical diagnostics, and industrial process monitoring. Recent reports highlight the practical relevance and growing importance of MPcs in real-world applications. Challenges associated with MPc-based sensors include scalability, environmental stability, and integration into practical devices. The review concludes with a discussion on the future outlook on MPcs in the design and development of next-generation electrochemical sensors, paving the way for more efficient, cost-effective, and reliable detection technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":100037,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Sensor Research","volume":"3 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adsr.202400088","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}