Advanced Physics Research最新文献

{"title":"Advancing the Growth of GaN on AlScN and AlYN by Metal–Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition","authors":"Isabel Streicher,&nbsp;Niklas Wolff,&nbsp;Teresa Duarte,&nbsp;Oliver Rehm,&nbsp;Patrik Straňák,&nbsp;Lutz Kirste,&nbsp;Mario Prescher,&nbsp;Xuyun Guo,&nbsp;Valeria Nicolosi,&nbsp;Lutz Baumgarten,&nbsp;Martina Müller,&nbsp;Lorenz Kienle,&nbsp;Stefano Leone","doi":"10.1002/apxr.202500035","DOIUrl":"10.1002/apxr.202500035","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High electron mobility transistors (HEMT) based on Al_1-xSc_xN/GaN and Al_1-xY_xN/GaN heterostructures promise increased device performance and reliability due to the high sheet charge carrier density and the possibility to grow strain-free layers on GaN. Metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) offers high throughput, high structural quality, and good electrical characteristics. The growth of GaN layers on Al_1-xSc_xN and Al_1-xY_xN is challenging, but at the same time crucial as passivation or for multichannel structures. GaN is observed to grow three-dimensionally on these nitrides, exposing not-passivated areas to surface oxidation. In this work, growth of 2–20 nm-thick, two-dimensional GaN layers is demonstrated. Optimization of growth conditions is enabled by understanding island formation on the atomic scale by aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES). Increased growth temperature, an AlN interlayer, low supersaturation conditions and the carrier gas are found to be key to enhance Ga adatom mobility. Growth of single crystalline GaN layers on Al_1-xSc_xN and Al_1-xY_xN is unlocked and prevents oxidation of the underlying layers. Few nanometer thick GaN caps allow for depositing the gate metallization directly on the cap, whereas thicker ones allow for the growth of heterostructures for normally-off devices and multichannel structures.</p>","PeriodicalId":100035,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Physics Research","volume":"4 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/apxr.202500035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145062866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal Characterization of Ultrawide Bandgap Semiconductor Devices: A Review","authors":"Hassan Irshad Bhatti,&nbsp;Xiaohang Li","doi":"10.1002/apxr.202500039","DOIUrl":"10.1002/apxr.202500039","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ultrawide bandgap (UWBG) semiconductors—such as beta gallium oxide (β-Ga₂O₃), aluminum nitride (AlN) and diamond—exhibit exceptional electrical and thermal properties, enabling next-generation power electronics, RF systems, and quantum devices. However, the high power densities and extreme operating conditions of UWBG devices pose significant thermal management challenges. This review provides a comprehensive overview of thermal characterization techniques essential for understanding and mitigating self-heating, thermal bottlenecks, and reliability concerns in UWBG systems. Optical methods such as thermoreflectance imaging, micro-Raman thermometry, and IR thermography, alongside electrical approaches like gate resistance thermometry (GRT) and micro thin-film thermocouples (micro-TFTCs), are critically compared in terms of resolution, sensitivity, and application scope. The review also highlights recent advancements in hybrid techniques and material innovations to enhance heat dissipation. By evaluating the strengths and limitations of each method, this paper guides the selection of suitable thermal metrology tools for diverse UWBG device architectures and operating environments, facilitating their practical deployment in high-performance electronics.</p>","PeriodicalId":100035,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Physics Research","volume":"4 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/apxr.202500039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145058045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface Local Impurity Scattering as a Probe for Topological Kondo Insulators","authors":"C.-C. Joseph Wang,&nbsp;Jean-Pierre Julien,&nbsp;A. V. Balatsky,&nbsp;Jian-Xin Zhu","doi":"10.1002/apxr.202500003","DOIUrl":"10.1002/apxr.202500003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Shortly after the discovery of topological band insulators, topological Kondo insulators (TKIs) is also theoretically predicted. The latter has ignited revival interest in the properties of Kondo insulators. Currently, the feasibility of topological nature in SmB₆ is intensively analyzed by several complementary probes. Here by starting with a minimal-orbital Anderson lattice model, the local electronic structure is explored in a Kondo insulator. It is showed that the two strong topological regimes sandwiching the weak topological regime give rise to a single Dirac cone, which is located near the center or corner of the surface Brillouin zone. It is further found that, when a single impurity is placed on the surface, low-energy resonance states are induced in the weak scattering limit for the strong TKI regimes and the resonance level moves monotonically across the hybridization gap with the strength of impurity scattering potential; while low energy states can only be induced in the unitary scattering limit for the weak TKI regime, where the resonance level moves universally toward the center of the hybridization gap. These impurity-induced low-energy quasiparticles will lead to characteristic signatures in scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, which has recently found success in probing into exotic properties in heavy fermion systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":100035,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Physics Research","volume":"4 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/apxr.202500003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellulose Functional Gels: Physical Design and Promising Applications (Adv. Phys. Res. 6/2025)","authors":"Minxin Wang,&nbsp;Geyuan Jiang,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Guo,&nbsp;Suqing Zeng,&nbsp;Dawei Zhao","doi":"10.1002/apxr.202570014","DOIUrl":"10.1002/apxr.202570014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Emerging Cellulose Ionogels</b></p><p>Through the physical construction of molecular network structures, soft gel materials derived from biomass cellulose can acquire a range of distinctive properties and be used in high-value applications. Article number 2500020 by Xiaoyu Guo, Suqing Zeng, Dawei Zhao and co-workers explores the design of functional gels through molecular-scale physical enhancement methods, thereby broadening the potential applications of cellulose gels in emerging flexible electronics. The integration of attractive physical processing techniques with molecular-scale design represents a promising research avenue for cellulose gels. This study provides valuable insights for the future development of smart gels and wearable devices.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":100035,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Physics Research","volume":"4 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/apxr.202570014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sloppiness Consistency in Biomechanical Models and Its Inspired Dual-Space Model Optimization (Adv. Phys. Res. 6/2025)","authors":"Jiabao Tang,&nbsp;Wenyang Liu,&nbsp;Yiqi Mao,&nbsp;Shujuan Hou","doi":"10.1002/apxr.202570016","DOIUrl":"10.1002/apxr.202570016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Sloppiness Consistency Drives Balance in Mechanical Modeling</b></p><p>The study by Wenyang Liu, Shujuan Hou and co-workers (see article number 2500002) introduces an information-geometry-based approach for simplifying biomechanical constitutive models. By analyzing parameter sensitivity matrices, it reveals the inherent “sloppiness” of soft tissue models and constructs a parameter hyperspace with a four-step optimization strategy to reduce model complexity while maintaining identifiability and predictive accuracy, as successfully demonstrated in brain tissue and patellar tendon models.\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":100035,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Physics Research","volume":"4 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/apxr.202570016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue Information (Adv. Phys. Res. 5/2025)","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/apxr.202570015","DOIUrl":"10.1002/apxr.202570015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100035,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Physics Research","volume":"4 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/apxr.202570015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resolving Localized Plasmonic and Photonic Modes of Gold Nanosponges via Cathodoluminescence Spectroscopy","authors":"Paul H. Bittorf,&nbsp;Masoud Taleb,&nbsp;Dong Wang,&nbsp;Peter Schaaf,&nbsp;Nahid Talebi","doi":"10.1002/apxr.202500049","DOIUrl":"10.1002/apxr.202500049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Localizing optical fields at deep sub-wavelength scales has applications in ultra-strong light-matter interactions and in efficient coupling to quantum emitters. Surface plasmon polaritons can be confined within and on the surfaces of nanostructures on spatial scales of only a few nanometers. However, they generally suffer from significant dissipation. Porous gold nanosponges and percolated thin films demonstrate an interestingly highly-localized plasmonic feature with an enhancement factor and quality factor beyond what is achievable with localized plasmons in nanostructures. Here, the characteristics of plasmon resonances in porous gold nanoparticles are explored using cathodoluminescence spectroscopy. It is demonstrated that visible light can be localized inside the nanosponges at spatial scales as small as 20 nm, forming dipole-like resonances. Moreover, it is shown that at specific wavelengths the entire structure supports a collective resonance, with the emitted light exhibiting polarization that represents an average over all possible dipolar emission directions. The analysis demonstrates the potential of gold nanosponges for exploring the intricate physics of localized resonances and their collective responses, and it paves the way toward their applications in controlling emissions from quantum emitters.</p>","PeriodicalId":100035,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Physics Research","volume":"4 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/apxr.202500049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145062755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrical Conductivity in Fibrous Composites","authors":"Luke Hunter,&nbsp;Sergio Bertazzo","doi":"10.1002/apxr.202500040","DOIUrl":"10.1002/apxr.202500040","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Carbon fiber and other fibrous composites are widely used in structural components for wind turbines and aircraft. These applications not only require high strength and low weight but also tailored electrical properties. Designing new composites that can resist lightning strikes or be used in bioelectronics relies on accurately predicting their electrical conductivities. Yet most models of conductivity in these composites lack a geometrically meaningful basis, particularly if applied far from the percolation threshold which often occurs in the earliest 1% of the composite design space. An electrical model that is grounded in real fiber geometries and arrangements is derived. New equations are obtained, combining materials science and network physics, that accurately predict individual fiber overlap, neighbor distributions, and percolation thresholds in systems of overlapping shapes. Combining these equations with the new electrical model of a “foamy cluster”, yielded excellent predictions of conductivity in many different types of fibrous composites.</p>","PeriodicalId":100035,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Physics Research","volume":"4 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/apxr.202500040","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144811344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Signal Purity in Josephson Structure Measurements","authors":"Ivan A. Nazhestkin,&nbsp;Georgy I. Gubochkin,&nbsp;Jonathan Shvartzberg,&nbsp;Sai-Prasad M. Rajam,&nbsp;Sergei V. Egorov,&nbsp;Vladimir L. Gurtovoi,&nbsp;Valery V. Ryazanov,&nbsp;Vasily S. Stolyarov,&nbsp;Dmitry S. Yakovlev","doi":"10.1002/apxr.202500032","DOIUrl":"10.1002/apxr.202500032","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Superconducting Josephson structures play a significant role in quantum-state engineering. Achieving high-fidelity quantum state measurements in superconducting Josephson structures requires ultra-low noise environments and robust signal purification techniques. Here, the advanced low-noise signal measurement system designed for dilution refrigerators is presented, integrating multi-stage cryogenic filtering and electromagnetic shielding strategies to suppress noise sources across a broad frequency spectrum. The effectiveness of low-pass RC filters is demonstrated, silver-epoxy microwave absorbers, and optimized ground isolation to achieve an unprecedented noise reduction, enabling sub-nanoampere switching current distribution measurements superior to commerical systems at mK temperatures. The system is optimized for precision studies of superconductor-insulator-superconductor, superconductor-ferromagnet-superconductor, and superconductor-normal metal-superconductor Josephson junctions with low critical currents. This approach establishes a reliable framework for next-generation quantum electronic experiments, ensuring that observed switching phenomena are governed by intrinsic device physics rather than environmental perturbations.</p>","PeriodicalId":100035,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Physics Research","volume":"4 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/apxr.202500032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145057874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special Issue Editorial: Quantum Anomalies in Condensed Matter","authors":"Michael T. Pettes,&nbsp;Avadh Saxena","doi":"10.1002/apxr.202500056","DOIUrl":"10.1002/apxr.202500056","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;A symmetry that exists in the classical regime but is broken in the quantum realm may create what field theorists refer to as a quantum anomaly. Three of these symmetries in classical field theory that are broken in the quantum regime offer significant potential for enabling new technologies in the condensed matter context: the scale (conformal) anomaly, axial (chiral) anomaly, and parity anomaly. For example, the chiral anomaly in Weyl semimetals manifests as unusual magneto-transport phenomena, such as negative longitudinal magnetoresistance. Similarly, the parity anomaly can induce a half-quantized Hall effect, and the scale anomaly is predicted to generate anomalous thermoelectric currents. Observing these effects in topological materials not only tests quantum field theory in a laboratory setting but also advances our understanding of symmetry breaking in novel quantum phases. This paradigm is gaining ground in both theory and experiments on new topological materials which are allowing the research community to begin to realize their signatures in condensed matter as depicted in the Venn diagram of &lt;b&gt;Figure&lt;/b&gt; 1. Although we emphasize that experimental evidence in solids remains scarce, this interdisciplinary field is opening a new frontier in physics research with promise for a unique set of new potential device applications. Technologies enabled by quantum anomalies include ultra-sensitive micro-bolometric detectors, dark matter detectors, far infrared optical modulators, low-dissipation ballistic transporters, terahertz-based qubits, terahertz polarization state controls, passive magnetic field sensors, stable topological superconductors that host Majorana fermions (i.e., topological quantum computing), and qubits topologically protected against decoherence among possibly others. This has been expressed in a simple language accessible to materials scientists and physicists alike in a perspective article (202400189, https://doi.org/10.1002/apxr.202400189), which describes how each anomaly's measurable non-conserved current offers a window into quantum symmetry breaking in condensed matter, particularly topological quantum materials.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This special issue brings together an additional five technical articles that illustrate these concepts in various condensed matter systems. First, the theoretical basis is described in two articles. Maxim Chernodub et al. (202300058, https://doi.org/10.1002/apxr.202300058) report on how the scale (conformal) anomaly can produce electric currents at the boundaries of materials exposed to static magnetic fields, using scalar quantum electrodynamics simulations. The authors reveal significant differences between quantum anomaly-driven currents and classical Meissner currents, suggesting measurable effects in Dirac semimetals, and providing insights into anomaly-induced phenomena with potential applications in quantum electronics and anomaly-based sensors. The paper by Claudio Coriano et al. (202400043,","PeriodicalId":100035,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Physics Research","volume":"4 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/apxr.202500056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144598547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}