Advanced MembranesPub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.advmem.2025.100136
Yuebing Shen , Fanfan Jiang , Qian Liu , Zhiquan Chen , Kai Ge , Junfeng Bai , Jingui Duan
{"title":"Size effect of porous filler in mixed matrix membranes for faster hydrogen permeation from methane-containing mixtures","authors":"Yuebing Shen , Fanfan Jiang , Qian Liu , Zhiquan Chen , Kai Ge , Junfeng Bai , Jingui Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.advmem.2025.100136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advmem.2025.100136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One potential solution for the transport of hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) is the injection of hydrogen into natural gas pipelines. Therefore, it is imperative to develop an efficient purification technology. Membrane separation has great potential to meet this challenge due to its effective energy consumption and cost. Here, a series of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) containing ZIF-71 fillers of different sizes are reported for faster H<sub>2</sub> permeation. The uniform distribution of nanosized ZIF-71 (0.1 μm) in 6FDA-DAM provides an attractive diffusion channel, allowing the membrane to show rapid H<sub>2</sub> permeation of 1050 Barrer and good H<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub> separation factor of 43. This performance is markedly superior to that of the larger-sized ZIF-71 (1.0 μm and 3.5 μm) in 6FDA-DAM and the same-sized ZIF-71 (0.1 μm) in 6FDA-Durene and PEI, and also exceeds the upper bound. Moreover, the long-term stable H<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub> separation suggests a high potential for practical applications. The findings here demonstrate the importance of the filler size, which has a strong influence on the formation of mass transfer channels, and also provide straightforward method for the development of high-performance MMMs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100033,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Membranes","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143488712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Advanced MembranesPub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.advmem.2025.100134
Qin Shen , Mengmeng Fang , Wenshuo Cui , Chuanjie Fang , Zhikan Yao , Liping Zhu
{"title":"Robust positively charged polyurea nanofiltration membranes with acid resistance for efficient lithium extraction and recovery","authors":"Qin Shen , Mengmeng Fang , Wenshuo Cui , Chuanjie Fang , Zhikan Yao , Liping Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.advmem.2025.100134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advmem.2025.100134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given the growing demand for lithium in energy storage and electric vehicle industries, the development of acid-resistant membranes for efficient lithium extraction from brine and recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries is crucial for advancing sustainable and scalable resource recovery technologies. Herein, a strong acid-tolerant and positively charged polyurea (PU) nanofiltration (NF) membrane was fabricated via the interfacial polymerization of toluene-2, 4-diisocyanate (TDI) monomers with poly(allylamine) (PAA) monomers with a polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane as the substrate. The newly-developed typical PU NF membrane performed high cation-cation separation selectivity (mixed-salt separation factor: 16.6 for Li<sup>+</sup>/Mg<sup>2+</sup>, 19.3 for Li<sup>+</sup>/Ni<sup>2+</sup>, 11.3 for Li<sup>+</sup>/Co<sup>2+</sup>, and 15.7 for Li<sup>+</sup>/Mn<sup>2+</sup>) even if exposed to 10 wt% H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> solution for 96 h. The high cation separation accuracy is attributed to the narrow positively-charged ion sieving channels constructed with TDI and PAA as building blocks. The urea units containing abundant bidentate hydrogen bonds and electron-rich dinitrogen atoms is responsible for the excellent acid tolerance of the PU membranes. This work has the potential to contribute to more sustainable and cost-effective lithium recovery from both brine and discarded cathode materials, making it a crucial step toward scaling up these technologies for industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100033,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Membranes","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143422083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Advanced MembranesPub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.advmem.2025.100145
Wei Yang , Meina Xiong , Dongliang Jin, Jing Zhong
{"title":"Review on molecular modeling-facilitated design of porous membranes","authors":"Wei Yang , Meina Xiong , Dongliang Jin, Jing Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.advmem.2025.100145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advmem.2025.100145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Molecular modeling techniques are regarded as an effective approach to study various advanced membranes at the microscale. These investigations of porous membranes are devoted to better understanding their chemical structures, pore topology and morphology, transport/permeation mechanisms, and the structure-activity relationship. This review provides an overview of current research on the molecular simulations of the structure, gas-/liquid-phase transport, and phase behaviors in porous membranes. In more detail, quantum chemistry is first introduced to probe the structures of porous membranes at the molecular/atomistic level. In this part, the pore topology estimated by using the geometric algorithm is also presented. Transport properties of porous membranes determined using molecular dynamics are then summarized. To study the formation kinetics of membranes and the diffusion kinetics of fluids within membrane’s pores, free energy calculations are discussed. Moreover, the phase behaviors involved in the membrane process by Monte Carlo simulations are presented. Finally, a brief discussion of the multiscale simulations is provided to comprehensively understand the structure-activity relationship. These theoretical works pave constructive ways for the design of functional membranes used for separation and purification, energy harvesting and storage, petrochemical engineering, and so on.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100033,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Membranes","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Advanced MembranesPub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.advmem.2025.100130
Jiaming Yi, Zhuozhi Lai, Qing Guo, Zhiwei Xing, Qi Sun
{"title":"Hybrid energy harvesting enabled by a covalent organic framework membrane","authors":"Jiaming Yi, Zhuozhi Lai, Qing Guo, Zhiwei Xing, Qi Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.advmem.2025.100130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advmem.2025.100130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of water and thermal energy harvesting presents a promising solution to the intermittency issues associated with individual energy sources. In this study, we show a covalent organic framework (COF) membrane featuring subnanometer, one-dimensional ionic channels, which demonstrate remarkable stability in both acidic and saline environments. The membrane exhibits exceptional permselectivity across various electrolyte solutions, enabling efficient osmotic energy harvesting from proton gradients via reverse electrodialysis. Under a 50-fold concentration gradient of H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, the membrane achieved a peak output power density of 97.1 W m<sup>−2</sup>. Furthermore, the membrane facilitates thermo-osmotic energy conversion by selectively screening ionic charges driven by combined salinity and temperature gradients. Under simulated estuarine salinity conditions and a 30 K temperature gradient, the COF membrane achieved a maximum output power density of 91.4 W m<sup>−2</sup>—an 18-fold increase compared to the commercial benchmark (5 W m<sup>−2</sup>). This study underscores the significant potential of COF membranes for efficient energy conversion, enabling the effective harvesting of untapped osmotic and low-grade heat energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100033,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Membranes","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Advanced MembranesPub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.advmem.2025.100128
Wenlong Ding , Haoyu Liu , Jiayi Liao , Tongtong Wang , Dongze Li , Yu Xu , Shiyu Zhou , Zhiqiang Wu , Wenhui Shi , Jiangnan Shen , Junbin Liao
{"title":"Endowing the nanostructured ion channels of anion conductive membranes with negative charge to boost the Cl−/SO42− ion separation via electrodialysis","authors":"Wenlong Ding , Haoyu Liu , Jiayi Liao , Tongtong Wang , Dongze Li , Yu Xu , Shiyu Zhou , Zhiqiang Wu , Wenhui Shi , Jiangnan Shen , Junbin Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.advmem.2025.100128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advmem.2025.100128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Construction of homogeneous polymer ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) with suitable ion transport channels and stable structures is crucial to the separation of mono-/multi-valent anions. Amphoteric ion-exchange membrane (AIEM) is a special type of IEM that possesses unique properties due to the presence of both anion exchange groups and cation exchange groups. In this work, we have grafted 1-bromoheptane and 3-bromopropanesulfonate onto the poly(aryl ether sulfone) chain through nucleophilic substitution reactions. Unlike the IEM attaching different ion-change functional groups onto one side-chain, this kind of AIEM bears two kinds of ion-change functional groups on dual side-chains. The results show that the as-prepared AIEMs could maintain low water absorption (<20 %) and swelling ratios (<11 %). The optimal surface area resistance is 6.31 Ω∙cm<sup>2</sup>. The perm-selectivity (Cl<sup>−</sup>/SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>) of the optimized PAES-TA/BS-0.85 AIEMs in a binary mixed solution system at 2.5 mA∙cm<sup>2</sup> could be achieved as high as 67.46, which is much higher than commercial ACS IEMs under the same conditions. Small Angle X-ray scattering reveals a distinct phase separation pattern within the AIEM matrix, which is due to the introduction of sulfonates to increase the hydrophilicity of the side-chains. The combined effects of pore size screening and electrostatic repulsion render the high selectivity of as-prepared AIEMs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100033,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Membranes","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143156621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Advanced MembranesPub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.advmem.2025.100139
Bingbing Gao , Yiran Peng , Ming Wu , Hua Ma , Jianchao Sun , Peng Zhang , Xingzhong Cao , Like Ouyang , Xiaobin Fu , Chunfang Zhang , Yunxiang Bai , Lijun Liang , Yang Liu , Liangliang Dong
{"title":"Three-in-one polyimide-based blended membrane for Upgrading helium separation performance and physical aging resistance","authors":"Bingbing Gao , Yiran Peng , Ming Wu , Hua Ma , Jianchao Sun , Peng Zhang , Xingzhong Cao , Like Ouyang , Xiaobin Fu , Chunfang Zhang , Yunxiang Bai , Lijun Liang , Yang Liu , Liangliang Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.advmem.2025.100139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advmem.2025.100139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyimide membranes have attracted considerable attention for gas separation applications; however, achieving efficient helium (He) separation remains a significant challenge due to the low fractional free volume (<em>FFV</em>) and poorly controlled pore size distribution. Here, we report a novel three-in-one polyimide-based blended membrane constructed from a polymer (6FDA-TFMB) and alkynyl-based polyimide (EBPA-TB) matrix via thermal crosslinking. By carefully designing membrane synthesis and structure, the resulting membrane achieves the “1 + 1>2” effect: (i) high He selectivity derived from reinforced interphase adhesion and size-sieving ability due to the hydrogen bonding and similar structure between 6FDA-TFMB and EBPA-TB; (ii) high He permeability derived from the rigid cross-linked network distorting the EBPA-TB chain packing and generating additional free volume; (iii) high anti-aging performance derived from the thermal crosslinking preventing microstructural rearrangements. The optimal membrane an unprecedented combination of high He permeability (51.24 Barrer), excellent He/N<sub>2</sub> selectivity (146.40) and remarkable aging resistance (less than 3.97 % of permeability decrease over 50 days), outperforming the performance of state-of-the-art polyimide-based blended membranes for He purification. This three-in-one blended membrane construction strategy provides a general toolbox for the development of next-generation, high-performance blended membranes with desirable performance for diverse industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100033,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Membranes","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Advanced MembranesPub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.advmem.2025.100127
Jiating Liu , Jiashuai Zhao , Yuhan Wang , Mengqi Bie , Yuhang Guo , Yanxiong Ren , Ming Xue , Chuanruo Yang , Fusheng Pan , Taotao Gao , Zhongyi Jiang
{"title":"Incorporating polyvinylpyrrolidone modified HOF-101 into Pebax membranes for efficient toluene/N2 separation","authors":"Jiating Liu , Jiashuai Zhao , Yuhan Wang , Mengqi Bie , Yuhang Guo , Yanxiong Ren , Ming Xue , Chuanruo Yang , Fusheng Pan , Taotao Gao , Zhongyi Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.advmem.2025.100127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advmem.2025.100127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hybrid membranes hold great promise in the recovery of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF), a class of hydrogen-bonded crystalline porous materials with high affinity toward VOCs, holds great potential as an emerging filler. In this study, highly stable HOF-101 modified by Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and introduced into polyether block amide (Pebax®1657) to prepare hybrid membrane. The π-conjugated large aromatic ring structure of HOF-101 promoted the adsorption of toluene molecules. The interaction between the Pebax polymer chain segments and PVP on the modified HOF-101 surface enhanced their interfacial compatibility. At a PVP@HOF-101 content of 1 wt%, the hybrid membrane exhibited optimal separation performance for a 2.2 mol% toluene/N<sub>2</sub> mixture, with a permeability of 1.51 × 10<sup>−6</sup> mol μm m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> Pa<sup>−1</sup> for toluene, a selectivity of 954 and excellent stability over 120 h in the long-term experiment. This study demonstrates the application of HOF-based hybrid membranes for VOCs recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100033,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Membranes","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Advanced MembranesPub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.advmem.2025.100133
Wuyi Liu , Qing Tian , Yuyi Wang , Liu Yang , Dan Lu , Zhikan Yao , Lin Zhang
{"title":"Sandwich-like composite membrane for advanced radiative cooling applications","authors":"Wuyi Liu , Qing Tian , Yuyi Wang , Liu Yang , Dan Lu , Zhikan Yao , Lin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.advmem.2025.100133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advmem.2025.100133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) offers an energy-efficient method of cooling by reflecting sunlight and emitting heat to the cold outer space through the atmospheric transparent window (ATW). For optimal performance, radiative coolers require high reflectance in the solar spectrum to minimize solar heat absorption and near-unity emissivity in the ATW to maximize heat dissipation. Here, we present a scalable composite radiative cooling membrane (cRCM) composed of a hierarchically porous polysulfone (PSF) layer, sandwiched between two flexible polydimethyl-siloxane (PDMS) layers. The PSF layer, fabricated using a simple non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method, exhibits a high solar reflectance of 98.2 % across wavelengths of 0.3–2.5 μm owing to its high refractive index of 1.64. The PDMS layers, attached on both sides of the PSF membrane via roll-to-roll lamination, offer excellent mid-infrared (MIR) emissivity of 94.2 % across wavelengths of 2.5–20 μm. Under midday conditions, the membrane achieves an average temperature reduction of 5.0 °C below ambient air temperature, with a theoretical cooling power of 114 W/m<sup>2</sup>. Year-round simulations indicate significant cooling energy saving in warm and tropical regions. The new membrane represents a significant advance in PDRC technology, offering promising applications in energy-efficient cooling systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100033,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Membranes","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Advanced MembranesPub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.advmem.2024.100125
Zhihao Song , Ying Wang , Zhiyuan Zha , Zhi Wang , Song Zhao
{"title":"Porous organic cage separation membranes: Exploratory journey from preparation to application","authors":"Zhihao Song , Ying Wang , Zhiyuan Zha , Zhi Wang , Song Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.advmem.2024.100125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advmem.2024.100125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porous organic cages (POCs) represent a novel class of low-density crystalline materials that exhibit distinctive pores comparable to those observed in three-dimensional extended network materials, including metal organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and porous organic polymers (POPs). Owing to their adjustable pore sizes, high specific surface areas, and discrete molecular structures, POCs exhibit excellent solution dispersibility and processability, thereby providing a broad spectrum of potential strategies for the design and fabrication of POC separation membranes. This review presents a comprehensive and systematic summary of the recent research progress in the preparation techniques and applications of POC separation membranes. We summarize a comprehensive overview of preparation strategies for POC separation membranes, including physical blending, spin coating, and interfacial polymerization, and analyze their advantages and limitations. Recent developments in the separation applications of POC separation membranes are highlighted, such as gas separation, ion separation and molecular separation, as well as current challenges and future development trends in this field, are briefly discussed. We anticipate that this review will offer a pertinent perspective to promote advancements in the development of advanced POC separation membranes, and be useful to researchers in related fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100033,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Membranes","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143100004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Robust methoxy-based covalent organic frameworks membranes enable efficient near-molecular-weight selectivity","authors":"Yanqing Xu , Jiaqi Xiong , Chenfei Lin , Yixiang Yu , Qite Qiu , Junbin Liao , Huimin Ruan , Arcadio Sotto , Jiangnan Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.advmem.2024.100112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advmem.2024.100112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Uniform pore size is essential for molecular sieving in separation membranes. Traditional nanofiltration (NF) polymer membranes struggle with precise structure control due to random chain packing and rapid cross-linking, leading to varied pore sizes and poor molecular discrimination. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) offer ordered porous structures for enhanced molecular selectivity. We synthesized composite COFs membranes with triphenylamine derivatives through interfacial polymerization, adjusting pore channel functional groups to achieve high water permeance and size-selective molecule retention. The TFB-OMe-TAPA COFs membrane demonstrated sharp rejection profiles, separating solutes of different molecular sizes. A three-stage cascade process was used to fractionate binary molecules with varying charges, achieving a separation factor of 26.7 for heterogeneous charge molecules. This work reveals the selectivity of COF membranes in near-molecular-weight systems, expanding their potential in molecular separations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100033,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Membranes","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143099934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}