Advanced Energy Conversion最新文献

{"title":"Wärmeleitfähigkeit und Thermokraft von ZnSb bei tiefen Temperaturen","authors":"B. Fay,&nbsp;E. Justi,&nbsp;G. Schneider","doi":"10.1016/0365-1789(65)90022-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0365-1789(65)90022-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The authors have constructed a cryostat operated by vaporizing liquid helium to control temperatures between 4·2° and 300°K, to measure the thermal conductivity ϰ, the Seebeck coefficient α and the electrical conductivity σ as function of temperature <em>T</em>. The results for polycrystalline and monocrystalline ZnSb and for polycrystalline Zn_0·8Cd_0·2Sb are described and explained in terms of existent theories. Of special interest is the increase of ϰ with <em>T</em> in the room temperature range. Pure monocrystalline ZnSb shows an α maximum at low temperatures caused by phonon drag effect.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100032,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Energy Conversion","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 345-354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0365-1789(65)90022-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81487901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapport sur la situation actuelle de la conversion energetique directe de l'energie solaire et apercus futurs","authors":"M. Perrot ,&nbsp;M. Touchais","doi":"10.1016/0365-1789(65)90017-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0365-1789(65)90017-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The authors stress first the fact that “utilization of solar energy” does not mean the natural applications, only the artificial ones. With regard to the energetic conversion of solar radiation, its interest seems to be considerable, because of the near future depletion of stores of energy carriers, such as fossil and nuclear fuels. The authors start with a short description of the principal conversion processes concentrating on: photovoltaic, thermoelastic, thermoelectric, thermionic and heliochemical processes, to which this paper is devoted.</p><p>First of all the trapping of solar radiation is studied as the first general step to all kinds of conversion. This collection is mostly done by mirrors made of brilliant aluminium or metallized glass or by metallized epoxy resins. The classical reflectors have a focal zone with one entry. The Laboratoire d'Héliotechnique de la Faculté des Sciences de Marseille has studied vortex type reflectors offering a focal zone with several entries and great advantages for the effective realization of trapping equipments. The authors give a detailed description of the reflector “Héliodyne” with 50 m diameter.</p><p>Having indicated the optimum conditions for construction of solar water heaters, the authors describe the conversion of solar into electrical energy by thermoelectric, thermionic and photovoltaic generators. Concerning the first method, the authors describe a high power thermoelectric generator utilizing Bi₂Te₃ as thermoelectric material and being now under construction in the authors' laboratory in Marseille.</p><p>Examining the future of utilizations of solar energy by helioelectric conversion, the authors point to the successful practical application in space technology. The necessity of great reliability has intensified the efforts of industrial laboratories to increase it stepwise. In this way even the terrestrial applications of photovoltaic cells has been facilitated in spite of the low efficiency.</p><p>In conclusion the author points out the importance of the classical methods of conversion of solar heat and of the construction of a prototype of a large thermal power station.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100032,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Energy Conversion","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 241-264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0365-1789(65)90017-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86205088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scaling laws and the envelope of allowable operating conditions for an MHD generator using inert gases","authors":"R.J. Rosa","doi":"10.1016/0365-1789(65)90018-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0365-1789(65)90018-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this report the characteristics of the MHD generator, its temperature and pressure requirements, and the scaling laws that it obeys, are summarized. The aim is to show what conditions are required in a closed cycle Nuclear-MHD power plant using equilibrium conductivity only.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100032,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Energy Conversion","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 265-277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0365-1789(65)90018-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77982511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statistisches modell einer Gas-Diffusionselektrode—III Schliffbild-Untersuchungen","authors":"August W. Winsel","doi":"10.1016/0365-1789(65)90020-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0365-1789(65)90020-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A linear section through a gas diffusion electrode produces a certain distribution function of sinews with the pores. From this distribution function some qualities of the pore structure are derived and an automatic device to find out the distribution function is described. With a statistical model of a gas diffusion electrode the behaviour of a DSK electrode is discussed and compared with earlier measurements of the flow resistance of this material.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100032,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Energy Conversion","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 315-330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0365-1789(65)90020-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78520548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermomagnetische und galvanomagnetische effekte in BiSb-Legierungen","authors":"H.G. Busse,&nbsp;E. Justi,&nbsp;G. Schneider","doi":"10.1016/0365-1789(65)90021-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0365-1789(65)90021-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Measurements of the thermoelectric power, the thermal conductivity and the electrical conductivity in a magnetic field and of the Hall effect are reported for annealed or zone melted BiSb alloys of the compositions Bi_0.915Sb_0.085 and Bi_0.88Sb_0.12 The results of <span>Wolfe</span> and <span>Smith</span> on an increase of the thermoelectric figure of merit in a transversal magnetic field are confirmed. The “Umkehr effect” of the thermoelectric power for a specimen of composition Bi_0.88Sb_0.12 was investigated. In this connection the negative figure of merit is discussed. Measurements as a function of the direction of the magnetic field were made for a zone-melted monocrystal of the same composition; in this way changes of the properties in a longitudinal magnetic field were measured too. The cryostat for measurements between room temperature and the temperature of liquid nitrogen is described.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100032,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Energy Conversion","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 331-344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0365-1789(65)90021-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83582814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The growth of nickel ferrite single crystals","authors":"H. Makram,&nbsp;R. Krishnan","doi":"10.1016/0365-1789(65)90039-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0365-1789(65)90039-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The mechanism of growth of nickel ferrite single crystals using the PbOPbF₂ as the flux system, has been studied. The nucleation seems to start around 1170°C and the growth rate seems to be quite fast up to a temperature of 1100°C, as indicated by the yield and the size of the crystals obtained at this temperature. The growth rate then slows down appreciably.</p><p>The line width of 15 Oe along the 100 axis for the crystals thus obtained, indicate their good quality and a low content of Fe²⁺. By a thermal treatment, an ionic order is established among the sites and the resulting line width is 9 Oe. This value of 9 Oe for nickel ferrite is the lowest so far cited in the literature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100032,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Energy Conversion","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 217-218, IN1, 219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0365-1789(65)90039-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91404762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermocells; Effect of pressure on voltage","authors":"H.P. Meissner,&nbsp;D.C. White,&nbsp;G.D. Uhlrich","doi":"10.1016/0365-1789(65)90038-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0365-1789(65)90038-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Open circuit voltages were measured for thermocells containing either pure molten lithium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride or silver chloride as electrolyte, and using chlorine gas as the electrode reactant. The temperature ranges studied extended from the melting points of these salts to 1300°C, while chlorine pressures were varied from 1 atm to less than 1/10 atm.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100032,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Energy Conversion","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 205-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0365-1789(65)90038-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83970285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linear theory of an MHD oscillator","authors":"J.E. McCune","doi":"10.1016/0365-1789(65)90040-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0365-1789(65)90040-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The linear theory of a.c. fluctuations in an MHD channel subject to the Hall instability of Velikhov is explored. It is shown that the system as a whole (plasma, plus boundaries, plus external circuitry) is stable to the Velikhov mode except at certain resonant acoustic frequencies. If these resonant frequencies are excited, channels of sufficient size can be made to oscillatei and produce net a.c. power. However, non-linear effects (discussed elsewhere [5]) limit the a.c. power level severely for this geometry, and adversely affect the d.c. performance of the channel. The analysis shows that resonant fluctuations can be controlled by external circuitry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100032,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Energy Conversion","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 221-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0365-1789(65)90040-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87930568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Galvano-thermomagnetic phenomena and the figure of merit in bismuth—II survey of experimental data and calculation of device parameters","authors":"T.C. Harman,&nbsp;J.M. Honig,&nbsp;Lorella Jones","doi":"10.1016/0365-1789(65)90037-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0365-1789(65)90037-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Transport theory, developed in a preceding paper [1] for pure Bi, is used to predict numerical values for various transport coefficients at The various effective masses, relaxation times, and mobilities relative to the pseudosymmetry axes are tabulated. Expressions are derived for the figures of merit and anisotropy parameters for a variety of limiting cases. The numerical predictions are again in substantial accord with direct experimental measurements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100032,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Energy Conversion","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 183-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0365-1789(65)90037-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86650459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water-cooled insulating walls for MHD generators","authors":"Martin E. Novack,&nbsp;Thomas R. Brogan","doi":"10.1016/0365-1789(65)90027-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0365-1789(65)90027-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The wall of an MHD generator must insulate electrically along the plane of the wall and, if the wall temperature is less than that of the gas, the wall must conduct heat from the gas into a coolant. The authors believe that the requirements of long life and durability make it necessary, when the actual operating environment (ash, seed, combustion gases) has been considered, to operate the wall at a temperature considerably less than that of the gas. The resultant heat-transfer loss can be minimized by minimizing generator length with high magnetic-field strength. The properties of good electrical insulation and high thermal conductivity are not commonly found in a single material. This paper describes the mechanical development of a composite water-cooled wall consisting of metallic elements separated by thin sections of electrical insulation. Duration tests of up to 140 hr have been experienced by these walls, including over 130 hr with ash and seed and with the walls still in operating condition. Although the water wall requires more endurance testing, it appears to have promise for use in central station MHD power plants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100032,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Energy Conversion","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 95-98, IN1-IN3, 99-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0365-1789(65)90027-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80770878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}