Advanced Energy Conversion最新文献

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Fuel cells—present position and outstanding problems 燃料电池的现状和突出的问题
Advanced Energy Conversion Pub Date : 1966-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0365-1789(66)90011-7
M. Barak
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引用次数: 9
Thermomolecular energy convertors—II. Heat pumps and zero-work refrigerators 热分子能量转换器- ii。热泵和零功冰箱
Advanced Energy Conversion Pub Date : 1966-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0365-1789(66)90009-9
G.A. McLennan, J.F. Osterle
{"title":"Thermomolecular energy convertors—II. Heat pumps and zero-work refrigerators","authors":"G.A. McLennan,&nbsp;J.F. Osterle","doi":"10.1016/0365-1789(66)90009-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0365-1789(66)90009-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A thermomolecular heat pump is analysed wherein the cooling effect is the result of the effusion of gas molecules through a capillary material due to an externally applied pressure difference. Large temperature differences, heat transfer through the capillary material and a potential energy barrier are included in the expressions developed for gas flow rate and cooling effect. The maximum efficiency is evaluated as a function of operating temperature ratio along with the minimum obtainable refrigerated temperature for several values of appropriate parameters. A zero-work refrigeration device, having no moving parts, obtained by directly coupling two thermomolecular devices operating over three temperature levels, is treated with expressions developed for mass flow rate and heat rates. Minimum obtainable refrigerated temperature and effectiveness are evaluated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100032,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Energy Conversion","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 11-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1966-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0365-1789(66)90009-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82791980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Electrical output from closed loop MPD experiment using auxiliary ionization 辅助电离闭环MPD实验的电输出
Advanced Energy Conversion Pub Date : 1966-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0365-1789(66)90010-5
W. Bienert, W. H. Young, E. N. Zavodny
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引用次数: 0
InAs diodes used for thermophotovoltaic conversion of energy 用于热光伏转换能量的InAs二极管
Advanced Energy Conversion Pub Date : 1966-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0365-1789(66)90013-0
P. Bauduin, P. Sibillot
{"title":"InAs diodes used for thermophotovoltaic conversion of energy","authors":"P. Bauduin, P. Sibillot","doi":"10.1016/0365-1789(66)90013-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0365-1789(66)90013-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100032,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Energy Conversion","volume":"5 1","pages":"67-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1966-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85281558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Electrical output from closed loop MPD experiment using auxiliary ionization 辅助电离闭环MPD实验的电输出
Advanced Energy Conversion Pub Date : 1966-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0365-1789(66)90010-5
W.B. Bienert, W.H. Young, E.N. Zavodny
{"title":"Electrical output from closed loop MPD experiment using auxiliary ionization","authors":"W.B. Bienert,&nbsp;W.H. Young,&nbsp;E.N. Zavodny","doi":"10.1016/0365-1789(66)90010-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0365-1789(66)90010-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper describes measurements of the gas conductivity in an MPD generator at a gas temperature of 1000°K. Helium seeded with cesium was ionized by a d.c. electrical arc which increased the conductivity by four orders of magnitude above the thermal equilibrium value. In the presence of a magnetic field an open circuit voltage of 62V was measured compared to 65V theoretical and a maximum short circuit current of 0·03A. The resulting <em>V-I</em> curve was linear indicating that no enhancement due to magnetically induced ionization occurred.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100032,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Energy Conversion","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 25-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1966-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0365-1789(66)90010-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89991699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Application perspectives for dissolved-fuel cells 溶解燃料电池的应用前景
Advanced Energy Conversion Pub Date : 1965-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/0365-1789(65)90019-6
Y. Bréelle , P. Degobert
{"title":"Application perspectives for dissolved-fuel cells","authors":"Y. Bréelle ,&nbsp;P. Degobert","doi":"10.1016/0365-1789(65)90019-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0365-1789(65)90019-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Advances made in recent years in the field of fuel cells indicate that the latter will probably be used on an industrial scale in the relatively near future.</p><p>The following report tries to define the economic outlook for dissolved-fuel (principally methanol and hydrazine) cells on the basis of the experimental findings obtained in the research and development laboratories of the Institut Français du Pétrole [1–5].</p><p>The search for large markets for cells results in the consideration of electric vehicle traction as an objective capable of justifying the extensive research and development which have been undertaken. For ease of storage and handling, liquid fuels must be used. After hydrocarbons, not considered at present because of their low reactivity, methanol offers advantageous economic characteristics for this kind of utilization.</p><p>The following report contains a brief description of these cells, their composition, and the fuels which can be used as well as a study of performances and costs over various periods of time. We have attempted to confirm the abovementioned expectation about electric traction and to set forth various application possibilities by estimating corresponding outlet potentials and by determining the means of research needed to achieve them.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100032,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Energy Conversion","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 279-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0365-1789(65)90019-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83032569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Influence of spatially dependent properties on the performance of a thermoelectric heat pump 空间相关特性对热电热泵性能的影响
Advanced Energy Conversion Pub Date : 1965-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/0365-1789(65)90025-1
L.J. Ybarrondo , J.Edward Sunderland
{"title":"Influence of spatially dependent properties on the performance of a thermoelectric heat pump","authors":"L.J. Ybarrondo ,&nbsp;J.Edward Sunderland","doi":"10.1016/0365-1789(65)90025-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0365-1789(65)90025-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A study is presented of the performance of thermoelectric heat pumps with spatially dependent properties. The Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity are assumed to vary linearly with position. The performance criteria of interest include maximum no-load temperature difference, maximum coefficient of performance, maximum heat pumping capacity, coefficient of performance under conditions giving maximum heat pumping capacity and heat pumping capacity under conditions giving maximum coefficient of performance. Throughout the investigation it is assumed that the longitudinal surface of the thermoelement is insulated and that the fin conductances at the hot and cold junctions are infinite. The effect of spatial dependence of each property on the performance criterion is analyzed individually and then in physically appropriate combinations. It is shown that certain small linear variations in the Seebeck coefficient and the electrical resistivity act to increase all the performance criteria. However, small linear variations in the thermal conductivity decrease the performance criteria. In addition, it is shown that the spatial dependence of the thermal conductivity is not nearly as important as the dependence of the electrical resistivity and the Seebeck coefficient. Therefore, a net increase in the performance criteria should be possible through the use of controlled spatial property dependence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100032,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Energy Conversion","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 383-405"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0365-1789(65)90025-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84262791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Commercial application of direct energy conversion (DEC systems vs. batteries) 直接能量转换的商业应用(DEC系统vs.电池)
Advanced Energy Conversion Pub Date : 1965-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/0365-1789(65)90026-3
Joel S. Greenberg
{"title":"Commercial application of direct energy conversion (DEC systems vs. batteries)","authors":"Joel S. Greenberg","doi":"10.1016/0365-1789(65)90026-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0365-1789(65)90026-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The general design requirements, or criteria, which must be met by Direct Energy Conversion (i.e., Thermoelectric, Thermionic, and Fuel Cells) Systems if they are to replace battery powered systems in commercial applications are considered. Both long term and short term unattended site applications are investigated. Since the use of DEC systems in place of batteries will, in general, be determined principally, on a total system annual cost basis, the design requirements which influence cost are considered. The design requirements are placed in perspective by comparison with DEC state-of-the-art estimates and projections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100032,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Energy Conversion","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 407-418"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0365-1789(65)90026-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80689886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Carbon deposition boundaries and other constant parameter curves, in the triangular representation of CHO equilibria, with applications to fuel cells 碳沉积边界和其他常数参数曲线,以三角形表示CHO平衡,应用于燃料电池
Advanced Energy Conversion Pub Date : 1965-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/0365-1789(65)90024-X
G.H.J. Broers, B.W. Treijtel
{"title":"Carbon deposition boundaries and other constant parameter curves, in the triangular representation of CHO equilibria, with applications to fuel cells","authors":"G.H.J. Broers,&nbsp;B.W. Treijtel","doi":"10.1016/0365-1789(65)90024-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0365-1789(65)90024-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the CHO system, at pressures of the order of 1 atm and temperatures between 400°K and 1500°K, the only important species present at true thermodynamic equilibrium are the simple molecules: C, CH<sub>4</sub>, CO, CO<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O (apart from excess O<sub>2</sub>).</p><p>This has recently been shown by <span>Cairns, Tevebaugh</span> and <span>Holm</span> [2], [3], who also introduced the very useful triangular representation of carbon deposition data in CHO diagrams.</p><p>It will be shown in this communication that carbon deposition boundaries and <em>other curves of constant parameter values</em> can be computed directly from three independent equations involving three equilibrium constants, and the balance equation: σ partial pressures = total pressure. No material balance equations and no trial and error procedures are needed, while the mathematical “problems” are confined to the solution of a quadratic equation as the most involved step.</p><p>Apart from carbon deposition boundaries, CH<sub>4</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O “isobars” and curves of constant reversible oxidation potential in fuel cells with O<sup>=</sup> transport and CO<sub>3</sub><sup>=</sup> transport have been computed for temperatures of usual interest. The method has been outlined for each of these cases.</p><p>Some theoretical consequences of the trend for <em>p</em>(H<sub>2</sub>O) to remain constant in low or intermediate temperature fuel cells with aqueous electrolyte, have been pointed out in connection with the possibility of C deposition on highly active fuel electrodes.</p><p>An example pertinent to the use of the diagrams shown, is given in Appendix 2, where also the calculation of the complete equilibrium composition from CH<sub>4</sub> isobars is discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100032,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Energy Conversion","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 365-382"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0365-1789(65)90024-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77018578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 29
Die elektrischen Transportgrössen von ZnSb bei höheren Temperatören 就是州际尺寸的ZnSb在更炽热的时候
Advanced Energy Conversion Pub Date : 1965-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/0365-1789(65)90023-8
K.J. Hetteer, E. Justi, G. Schneider
{"title":"Die elektrischen Transportgrössen von ZnSb bei höheren Temperatören","authors":"K.J. Hetteer,&nbsp;E. Justi,&nbsp;G. Schneider","doi":"10.1016/0365-1789(65)90023-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0365-1789(65)90023-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Measurements of the thermoelectric power α, the electrical conductivity σ, the Hall coefficient <em>R</em> and the transverse Nernst-Ettingshausen coefficient <em>Q</em><sup><em>τ</em></sup> of undoped and differently doped ZnSb and Zn<sub>0, 5</sub>Cd<sub>0, 5</sub>Sb are reported. The apparatus for measurements between room temperature and 500°C is described. The properties of the specimens turn out to be very unstable especially at higher temperatures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100032,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Energy Conversion","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 355-363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1965-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0365-1789(65)90023-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80795234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
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