Advanced Agrochem最新文献

{"title":"How parasitic plants can avoid self-attack","authors":"Cuiping Pang ,&nbsp;Hongyu Ren ,&nbsp;Meiling Jiang ,&nbsp;Jiahai Zhou ,&nbsp;Yang Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.aac.2026.02.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aac.2026.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We spotlight recent findings from a Science paper that provide molecular insights into how parasitic plants avoid inducing haustorium development in their own or closely related species. A uridine diphosphate-dependent glucosyltransferase (UGT72B1) is identified to inactivate endogenous phenolic haustorium-inducing factors (HIFs) through glucosylation, preventing self-induction and thereby enabling kin avoidance. This study proposes a new approach to controlling parasitic plants by manipulating the biosynthesis or glucosylation of HIFs in crops, or by designing inhibitors to block glucosyltransferase function in parasitic plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100027,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Agrochem","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 73-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148208486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosynthesis and antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles against ​Nigrospora oryzae","authors":"Junhuang Hong ,&nbsp;Diandian Chen ,&nbsp;Yuhang Chen ,&nbsp;Xinli Wang ,&nbsp;Yufeng Wu ,&nbsp;Jiatong Jiang ,&nbsp;Zhi Chen ,&nbsp;Xiong Guan ,&nbsp;Yujiao Jia ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.aac.2025.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aac.2025.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fungal diseases substantially constrain potato production by impairing fundamental physiological processes. In greenhouse-grown seedlings, <em>Nigrospora oryzae</em> (<em>N. oryzae</em>) was identified as the etiological agent responsible for characteristic brown foliar lesions. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized through a one-step biosynthetic approach. The synthesis employed metabolites of <em>N. oryzae</em> together with AgNO₃ as precursors. The optimal synthesis parameters were established as 0.08 ​mol/L AgNO₃, a mycelial surface area of 15.708 ​cm², and a reaction temperature of 70 ​°C. Structural characterization using UV–Vis spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the formation of highly pure AgNPs. These particles were predominantly oriented along the (111) crystal plane and exhibited strong UV resistance and thermal stability. The biosynthesized AgNPs demonstrated pronounced antifungal efficacy. At 600 ​mg/L, they achieved an inhibition rate of 48.47 ​%. The EC₅₀ value was 625.23 ​± ​15.75 ​mg/L. Biochemical analyses indicated oxidative stress, as evidenced by elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MDA levels, hyphal morphological abnormalities, suppression of physiological activity, and subsequent cell death. Furthermore, DNA integrity was impaired, as reflected by darker and narrower electrophoretic bands at the 600 ​mg/L. Pot experiments revealed that AgNP treatment at 500 ​mg/L reduced the disease index by 75.34 ​%. The 96-h acute toxicity test on aquatic organisms also indicated that the toxicity of AgNPs was relatively low. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the potential of biosynthesized AgNPs as an environmentally sustainable strategy. They represent a highly effective option for managing potato fungal diseases, particularly those caused by <em>N. oryzae</em> under greenhouse conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100027,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Agrochem","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 132-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148208489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery of 4,5,6-trichloropyridazinone derivatives as potential PSII D1–inhibiting herbicides","authors":"Chao Chen ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Wang Geng ,&nbsp;Xiuhai Gan","doi":"10.1016/j.aac.2025.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aac.2025.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of herbicides remains one of the most efficient and economical strategies for controlling weed populations. In our previous study, 4,5,6-trichloropyridazinone <strong>D</strong> was firstly found with moderate herbicidal activity. In this work, structure <strong>D</strong> was used as a lead compound, 31 derivatives were designed and synthesized by introducing diverse substituents at the 2-position. Bioassay revealed that compound <strong>E7</strong> displayed the most promising herbicidal efficacy with 100 ​% inhibition against the broadleaf weeds <em>Amaranthus retroflexus</em> (<em>A.r.</em>) and <em>Portulaca oleracea</em> (<em>P.o.</em>), and 90 ​% inhibition against <em>Abutilon theophrasti</em> (<em>A.t.</em>) at a dosage of 300 ​g a.i./ha. The herbicidal mechanism of compound <strong>E7</strong> was investigated through measurements of chlorophyll content and reactive oxygen species (ROS), transcriptome profiling, and proteomic analysis. These results demonstrated that <strong>E7</strong> significantly upregulates the expression of photosynthesis-related genes and proteins, thereby identifying the PSII D1 protein as a potential target. Additionally, further validation through molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energies confirmed that <strong>E7</strong> (−31.5 ​kcal/mol) exhibits a stronger binding affinity for the D1 protein than <strong>D</strong> (−11.6 ​kcal/mol). These findings establish <strong>E7</strong> was a novel PSII D1 inhibitor with strong potential for development as a candidate herbicide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100027,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Agrochem","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 185-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147904749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Duckweed as a sustainable protein source: Effects of fertilizer regimes on growth, protein yield, and functional properties","authors":"Ruvini Hiththatiyage ,&nbsp;Prabhath Ariyasena ,&nbsp;Daina Fernando ,&nbsp;Lumini Abeywickrama ,&nbsp;Nuhansa Sasindi ,&nbsp;Siril Wijesundara ,&nbsp;Barana Jayawardana ,&nbsp;Terrence Madhujith ,&nbsp;Ruvini Liyanage ,&nbsp;Linhong Jin ,&nbsp;Xia Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.aac.2026.02.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aac.2026.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Duckweed offers potential as a sustainable protein source in Sri Lanka. This study optimized growth, protein content, and safety in four wild varieties; <em>Spirodela polyrhiza</em> (SP), <em>Lemna minor</em> (LM), <em>Lemna perpusilla</em> (LP), and <em>Landoltia punctata</em> (LaP) using organic (OM; poultry manure at 1:30, 1:25, 1:20), inorganic (IM; Albert fertilizer at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 g L^-1), and combined manure (CM; 1:30 OM + 0.5 g L^-1 IM). Relative growth rates (RGR) was monitored over 40 days, followed by evaluation of protein content, heavy metals, extraction efficiency (alkali AE vs. salt SE), structural, and techno-functional properties. LP and LM showed the highest (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) RGR under IM, while LP also recorded the highest RGR under OM (0.0937–0.0950 d^-1). Under CM, LM showed the highest RGR (0.0144 ± 0.0097 d^-1). Overall, IM promoted superior growth, with LP showing the highest (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) RGR (0.24–0.25 d^-1), indicating strong adaptability. Wild duckweed initially contained higher (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) heavy metals than post-fertilizer treatments. Protein content rose from baselines (17.3% LM to 26.6% LaP) to peaks of 33.1% (LaP, IM 2 g L^-1), 31.5% (LM, CM), and 27.6% (LM, OM 1:20). SE outperformed AE across all fertilizer treatments, yielding higher protein recoveries. Inorganic manure (IM) treatments delivered the highest extraction yields (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), followed by combined manure (CM) and organic manure (OM). FTIR and Raman spectroscopy confirmed characteristic protein amide bands and structural features (1200–1700 cm^-1), while amino acid profiling indicated a balanced composition. Optimizing fertilizer regimes and extraction strategies can improve the nutritional quality and functional properties of duckweed, thereby strengthening its potential as a sustainable protein source for Sri Lanka's emerging bio-protein market.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100027,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Agrochem","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 206-229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148208465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roburic acid represents a novel non-aromatic scaffold for multitarget insect chitinase inhibitor","authors":"Mingjia Gao ,&nbsp;Xi Jiang ,&nbsp;Zihan Pang ,&nbsp;Huitang Qi ,&nbsp;Tian Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.aac.2025.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aac.2025.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural products capable of simultaneously inhibiting multiple insect chitinases represent promising candidates for the developing environmentally benign insecticides. Currently, the vast majority of known multitarget inhibitors possess conjugated planar cyclic rigid frameworks, while inhibitors with alternative scaffold remain largely unexplored. In this study, the terpenoid roburic acid is identified as a novel non-aromatic scaffold for multitarget inhibition of insect chitinases. Roburic acid exhibits submicromolar <em>K</em>_i values of 0.51 ​μM against OfChtI and 0.48 ​μM against OfChi-h from <em>Ostrinia furnacalis</em>. Molecular docking analysis indicates that roburic acid binds within the substrate-binding cleft of chitinases via hydrophobic interactions. Insecticidal assays further reveal that roburic acid caused 85 ​% mortality in <em>O. furnacalis</em> larvae and achieved 95 ​% mortality in <em>Plutella xylostella</em> at 2 ​mM. These results establish roburic acid as a promising lead for insecticide development targeting the molting process and provide a novel non-aromatic scaffold for the discovery of multitarget chitinase inhibitors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100027,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Agrochem","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 179-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147879919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel plant growth promoting molecules: A comprehensive review","authors":"Feng Hao,&nbsp;Le Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.aac.2026.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aac.2026.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study provides a comprehensive review of novel organic small molecules with plant growth-promoting activity that were reported internationally between 2005 and 2026. It aims to offer a systematic molecular template for agricultural chemistry research. The study systematically reviews three major categories: natural, semisynthetic, and synthetic molecules. Among the molecules, 103 are natural molecules, 19 are semi-synthetic molecules and 71 are synthetic molecules. It highlights the functional diversity of these molecules in growth promotion, fruit ripening and yield enhancement, seed germination promotion, and plant resistance enhancement. Natural molecules display novel and unique structures, whereas semi-synthetic molecules enhance core activity through chemical optimization. Synthetic molecules provide a versatile platform for targeted molecular design. This review lays a solid foundation for the rapid identification of promising active molecules in agricultural chemistry. It helps reduce redundant studies and supports the development and application of novel plant growth regulators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100027,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Agrochem","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 89-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148208488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytic acid-assisted amorphization of bone mineral for improved phosphorus fertilizer efficiency","authors":"Mengli Guo ,&nbsp;Jiyao Zhou ,&nbsp;Ailing Li ,&nbsp;Fei Xia ,&nbsp;Lei Shi ,&nbsp;Richard A. Martin ,&nbsp;Dong Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.aac.2025.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aac.2025.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phosphorus plays an indispensable role in the food chain, yet phosphorus mineral resources are finite, underscoring the urgency for developing a closed-loop phosphorus economy. Although there have been advances in phosphorus recovery from various waste materials, modern agriculture still depends on adequate phosphorus supply to support plant growth. In this study, we explored the amorphization of Ox bone using phytic acid (Ox-PA), and investigated how varying treatment durations influence the resulting structure. Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) analysis was employed to quantify phosphate solubilization. Additionally, pot experiments were conducted to assess the phosphate efficiency of Ox-PA in comparison to untreated Ox bone and control group. The results showed that Ox-PA exhibited significantly higher phosphate solubilization (2973 ppm) than untreated counterpart (13 ppm). When used as a fertilizer, Ox-PA markedly enhanced both aboveground and belowground biomass and root development in maize plants. Moreover, it facilitated increased phosphorus uptake by the plants during their early growth stages. These findings indicate that Ox-PA not only holds significant potential for promoting agronomic sustainability but also contributes meaningfully to the establishment of a circular phosphorus economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100027,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Agrochem","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 58-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147454310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 2-(benzylsulfonyl)-5-(2-methoxypyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives as novel herbicides","authors":"Sheng Yan ,&nbsp;Chujian Ma ,&nbsp;Lamei Wu ,&nbsp;Changsheng Ma ,&nbsp;Yingying Wang ,&nbsp;Dingfeng Luo ,&nbsp;Zuren Li ,&nbsp;Zhijun Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.aac.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aac.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To develop herbicides with a novel mechanism of action, a series of 1,3,4-oxadiazolpyridine derivatives were designed and synthesized based on active substructure splicing and structure optimization. These derivatives <strong>(5aa</strong>-<strong>5bd</strong>) were characterized by their melting points, ¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The configuration of <strong>5 al</strong> was determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Additionally, 5 al exhibited excellent herbicidal activity at a dosage of 75 g/hm², showing an EC₅₀ of 4.03 g/hm² against both E. crus-galli and quinclorac-resistant E. crus-galli. At a dosage of 375 g/hm², <strong>5 al</strong> was safe for application on rice and sorghum and showed low toxicity (&gt;200 μg/g) towards <em>Apis mellifera</em>. After treatment with <strong>5 al</strong>, the lamellae of the chloroplast grana of barnyard grass leaves were stacked disorderly and arranged loosely, and some thylakoids were broken, as observed by transmission electron microscopy. Transcriptomics analysis of <em>E. crus-galli</em> revealed that <strong>5 al</strong> affects the defense response, membranes, plasma membranes, and chloroplasts of differentially expressed genes, which alter membrane permeability and energy metabolism, potentially leading to plant death. Thus, we successfully developed a novel molecular scaffold with a new mechanism of action that exhibits herbicidal activity against resistant <em>E. crus-galli</em>. Therefore, further development of lead herbicides based on this scaffold is required.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100027,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Agrochem","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 25-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peroxisome-mitochondria contact-mediated ROS transfer: A key line of defence under plant stress","authors":"Jia Song,&nbsp;Zhijie Gao,&nbsp;Hongliang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.aac.2025.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aac.2025.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as early messengers in plants exposed to drought, salinity, heat and other environmental challenges. Their timely removal is crucial. Unchecked ROS injure membranes, macromolecules and photosynthetic systems, ultimately curbing growth or causing cell death. While mitochondria possess in-house antioxidant machinery, how non-mitochondrial systems contribute to mitochondrial redox homeostasis has remained unresolved. Laura F. DiGiovanni et al. demonstrate that peroxisomes directly protect mitochondria through contact-mediated ROS shuttling. This discovery extends the concept of organelle crosstalk beyond metabolic exchange to contact-mediated ROS flux, adding a system-level buffer against oxidative stress. Deep understanding and regulation of this pathway are highly significant for exploring how ROS coordinate plant stress responses, enhancing crop stress resistance and reducing extreme environment-induced oxidative damage. This may provide breeders and agronomists with a novel approach to develop stress-resistant traits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100027,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Agrochem","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 4-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147454303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Directed evolution of HIS1-Like proteins to enhance herbicide metabolism in crops","authors":"Jian Wu ,&nbsp;Xun Wen ,&nbsp;Xin-Long Wang ,&nbsp;Yan-Mei Ni ,&nbsp;Yuan-Guang Jiang ,&nbsp;Hai-Yan Song ,&nbsp;Kandegama Wishwajith ,&nbsp;Qiong Chen ,&nbsp;Hong-Yan Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.aac.2025.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aac.2025.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>HPPD (4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) inhibitor are widely used in agriculture due to their high efficacy and environmental friendliness. However, many important crops, such as rice, wheat, and soybean, are naturally sensitive to these herbicides. In this study, we employed a directed evolution strategy to enhance the metabolic capacity of <em>Os</em>HSL2, <em>Os</em>HSL4, <em>Os</em>HSL6, and <em>Sb</em>HSL1 proteins toward HPPD inhibitors, providing a new technological approach as well as theoretical foundation for molecular breeding of herbicide-resistant crops. By combining AlphaFold 3 protein models with crystal structures, we systematically redesigned key residues to resemble the active residues found in HIS1. Catalytic activity assays demonstrated that specific mutations significantly improved the metabolic activity of HSLs proteins toward various HPPD inhibitors. Notably, the <em>Os</em>HSL2-M4 mutant exhibited enhanced metabolic activity for BBC-OH and methyl-benquitrione, while the <em>Os</em>HSL4-M5 mutant completely metabolized BBC-OH and topramezone. Additionally, the <em>Sb</em>HSL1-M4 mutant showed significant improvement in the metabolism of BBC-OH and several other herbicides, providing strong evidence to support the use of structure-guided HSL mutations to enhance crop resistance to HPPD inhibitors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100027,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Agrochem","volume":"5 1","pages":"Pages 41-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147454308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}