{"title":"On paradoxes between human resources management, postmodernism, and HR information systems","authors":"Gert Van der Linden , Pamela Parker","doi":"10.1016/S0959-8022(98)00014-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0959-8022(98)00014-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100011,"journal":{"name":"Accounting, Management and Information Technologies","volume":"8 4","pages":"Pages 265-282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0959-8022(98)00014-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78253676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Internet technology in support of the concept of “communities-of-practice”: the case of Xerox","authors":"John Seely Brown","doi":"10.1016/S0959-8022(98)00011-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-8022(98)00011-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Work practices usually differ fundamentally from the way that organizations describe their operations in manuals, training programs, etc. This paper focuses on the way that certain work practices are supported at Xerox, and the conclusions of this effort are related to complementary investigations on learning and innovation. Here we propose that the combination of work, learning and innovation should be reconsidered within the framework of informal “communities-of-practice.” Information Technology tends to be used in order to reinforce the old work and study paradigms. This paper suggests a different use of IT, a use especially well suited to intra- and internets, with the aim of supporting informal structures rather than formal procedures. The case of Xerox Corporation is used as an example.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100011,"journal":{"name":"Accounting, Management and Information Technologies","volume":"8 4","pages":"Pages 227-236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0959-8022(98)00011-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91719213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Simulation modeling and analysis of complex learning processes in organizations","authors":"Samuel G. Stäbler, Jörn W. Ewaldt","doi":"10.1016/S0959-8022(98)00013-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0959-8022(98)00013-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Growing complexity and dynamic in the environment of organizations force their personnel to increase their learning rates continuously. This objective can be achieved by various learning concepts. Through system dynamics it is possible to simulate, analyze and compare different organisational learning strategies. This paper shows the effects of the strategies on the total objective attainment grade of organizational learning over a long term run. The simulation, analysis and comparison is represented by single-loop-learning and double-loop-learning as strategy examples.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100011,"journal":{"name":"Accounting, Management and Information Technologies","volume":"8 4","pages":"Pages 255-263"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0959-8022(98)00013-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85695276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Managing complexity in large data bases using self-organizing maps","authors":"Barbro Back , Kaisa Sere , Hannu Vanharanta","doi":"10.1016/S0959-8022(98)00009-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-8022(98)00009-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The amount of financial information in today's sophisticated large data bases is substantial and makes comparisons between company performance—especially over time—difficult or at least very time consuming. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether neural networks in the form of self-organizing maps can be used to manage the complexity in large data bases. We structure and analyze accounting numbers in a large data base over several time periods. By using self-organizing maps, we overcome the problems associated with finding the appropriate underlying distribution and the functional form of the underlying data in the structuring task that is often encountered, for example, when using cluster analysis. The method chosen also offers a way of visualizing the results. The data base in this study consists of annual reports of more than 120 world wide pulp and paper companies with data from a five year time period.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100011,"journal":{"name":"Accounting, Management and Information Technologies","volume":"8 4","pages":"Pages 191-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0959-8022(98)00009-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90026404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Implementing GIS technology in India: some issues of time and space","authors":"Sundeep Sahay","doi":"10.1016/S0959-8022(98)00002-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0959-8022(98)00002-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, I examine the need to understand the implications that time and space issues have for the implementation of IT. The design and development of technical systems often takes place in a social context that is significantly different from where they are used. Such discontinuities in social context caused by these differences in temporal and spatial parameters (between `when and where' systems are designed and used) have significant implications in how IT is implemented in organizations. These differences in context are significantly magnified and also more complex to interpret, when the development and use of IT takes place in different countries, as is common today within the present context of globalisation. I present my analysis by examining the case of GIS, a technology that is developed in the West, and transferred for use in India within the context of natural resources management. The empirical basis for this analysis is provided by a 3-year longitudinal study of an Indian government GIS implementation project. GIS technology, by virtue of the scientific principles of cartography and mathematics on which it is based, can be seen as being situated within a positivistic epistemology and implying quite distinct assumptions with respect to time and space drawn from Western society. In the recipient society of India, assumptions of time and space vary significantly from those inscribed in GIS technology, and these differences can be seen to contribute to a variety of problems in project implementation. For example, some implementation problems identified in the study included: development of systems that were not considered relevant by users; the lack of continuity in project management practices; and inappropriate co-ordination between the various agencies. An analytical approach incorporating aspects of time and space enables us to go beyond the surface level managerial descriptions of project implementation problems, to more deeper explanations of questions related to `why do these problems occur?'</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100011,"journal":{"name":"Accounting, Management and Information Technologies","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 147-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0959-8022(98)00002-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87673870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The politics of IT-enabled restructuring and the restructuring of politics through total quality management","authors":"Darren McCabe , David Knights , Adrian Wilkinson","doi":"10.1016/S0959-8022(98)00001-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0959-8022(98)00001-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A variety of innovations such as total quality management (TQM) have been introduced by management in recent years as a means to unite organizations and secure employee commitment. Yet TQM is as much a product of existing social relations as it is a method for transforming them. Consequently, while addressing some problems TQM reconstitutes organizational inequalities and existing power relations and in doing so (re)creates many of the problems it is intended to resolve. Inasmuch as TQM is a continuation of the past as well as a means to reshape the future, it contains the seeds of its own decay. We illustrate this argument through a case study of a medium-sized UK Bank. We consider how TQM has waxed and waned differentially within a single organization. Telecommunication and on-line customer data-based technology facilitated organizational restructuring within the Bank, resulting in both redundancies and areas of job creation which both undermined and created conditions wherein TQM could flourish. We examine how TQM may be used as a vehicle for addressing some of the tensions presented by the introduction of new technology, and the organizational politics that stem from organizational restructuring. However, it is argued that TQM can only ameliorate these tensions, which are bound up with organizational power relations and employment insecurities. It does not remove organizational politics, for as older tensions are resolved, new ones emerge.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100011,"journal":{"name":"Accounting, Management and Information Technologies","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 107-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0959-8022(98)00001-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78850743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Regarding screens for surveillance of the system1","authors":"Simon Lilley","doi":"10.1016/S0959-8022(97)00012-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0959-8022(97)00012-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper examines recent theoretical developments in the treatment of the relationship between <em>technology</em> and <em>society</em> and applies them to understand changes in the information systems support provided to the refining sector of the oil industry. According to participants' stories, the notion of a <em>refinery based</em> Oil Management System (OMS) emerged from the particularities of practice at a European refinery. These particularities were re-presented and solidified in a large-scale, site-wide information system. Once constructed, this system was rendered as a transportable source of “commercial advantage” and the site's parent company embarked upon a series of OMS implementations at each of its “strategic” refineries world-wide. The aim was to have a series of site specific systems built around a common core. Thus, at each site, an unhappy marriage was brokered between the demands of genericity and specificity as an ongoing translation took place. The upshot seems to have been that 50% of each system was site specific, with the remaining 50% being made up of software available elsewhere within the group. However, this “outside” 50% did not constitute a common core. Rather, different materialised precedents were imported at different sites, seriously undermining earlier aims of “cost effective” centralised group maintenance and support, and the ideal of a technologically mediated commercial coherence.</p><p>Using this story as a base, an attempt is made to assess the methodological implications of different approaches to the society/technology imbroglio for those who seek to study information systems in their organisational contexts. Starting from simpler sociotechnical ideas that demand cognisance of the <em>social shaping</em> of technology, the paper goes on to consider the advantages offered by the <em>translation</em> approach, advocated by writers such as Law, Callon and Latour, to the understanding of <em>sociotechnical networks</em>. The key role of <em>representation</em> in these processes and its relation to the “impermanence” of the body is also examined in some detail before a discussion which addresses some of the political and existential implications of these insights for researchers in the field. Finally, the conclusion attempts to re-illustrate the point of this rather strange series of moves. That, as will hopefully become clear, is to show simultaneously both the contingency surrounding those seemingly “natural” forms that surround us, and the ways in which this contingency is occluded. For it is this occlusion that buttresses the world, as it stands, against critical reflection. The paper contends that it is only by understanding the myriad ways in which “naturalness” is achieved that we can seriously hope to comment upon its propriety. Or to put is another way, we can only begin to see how “things” could be different once we understand the forces that seek to ensure that they are not. These then ","PeriodicalId":100011,"journal":{"name":"Accounting, Management and Information Technologies","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 63-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0959-8022(97)00012-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87852736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Groupware, social action and organizational emergence: on the process dynamics of computer mediated distributed work","authors":"Ojelanki K Ngwenyama","doi":"10.1016/S0959-8022(98)00003-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0959-8022(98)00003-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The last decade has seen the development of new information technology for work computerization commonly called groupware. Groupware applications support organizational computing and communications, and enable the distribution of work without regard to time and geographic barriers. As more of these applications are implemented in work settings they are precipitating profound changes in organizational processes. Although some studies have illuminated aspects of the technology–organization interaction process, more work is still needed to understand and articulate the dynamics of it. This research takes an emergence theory approach to analyzing and articulating some of the technology–organization interaction dynamics. The paper reports on a longitudinal field study of implementation and use of a groupware application in a distributed work environment. It discusses the continuing emergence of the groupware application and the organizational process it supports. The research builds upon a stream of social action and process theory research that have examined the interaction of information technology and organizational processes. This work makes several important contributions to IS research. It extends the reach of technology–organization interaction studies. It develops a descriptive model of some of the interaction dynamics of IT applications and organizational processes, upon which future empirical studies can be based. It provides an exemplar of intensive research into organizational processes and proposes that groupware applications are themselves data for the study of organizations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100011,"journal":{"name":"Accounting, Management and Information Technologies","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 127-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0959-8022(98)00003-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76984186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A logical model of transfer of obligations in trade contracts","authors":"Yao-Hua Tan, Walter Thoen","doi":"10.1016/S0959-8022(98)00007-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0959-8022(98)00007-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper we present an outline of a formal framework for representing Deontic Deep Structure Models for business procedures and contracts. These models can be used in redesign of such procedures. In particular, to transform paper-based procedures into electronic procedures for electronic commerce. The framework is based on a combination of deontic logic and action logic. To illustrate its usefulness we illustrate how transferable obligations, i.e. obligations that can be transferred from one agent to another, can be analysed in this framework. In particular, we analyse the difference between transfer of agency and transfer of liability of an obligation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100011,"journal":{"name":"Accounting, Management and Information Technologies","volume":"8 1","pages":"Pages 23-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0959-8022(98)00007-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80847126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Re-initialization in discontinuous systems","authors":"J. Schumacher","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4471-0807-8_39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0807-8_39","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100011,"journal":{"name":"Accounting, Management and Information Technologies","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81959598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}