The Royal Society of Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Trifluoroacetic acid-mediated selective oxidation of arylamines to nitroarenes via in situ formed peroxytrifluoroacetic acid","authors":"Shiyun Li, Lulu Wang, Jianyin Hu, Yan An, Jun Huang, Bin Wen, Yuanqing Dong, Tiesen Li and Xingquan Chen","doi":"10.1039/D5RA06600J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA06600J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The importance of selectively oxidizing an amine into a value-added nitro compound is well-recognized in organic synthesis. However, the lack of control over selectivity and the complex synthesis of costly catalysts significantly hinder the industrial application of these reactions. In this work, an environmentally friendly approach was developed for the selective oxidization of arylamines to nitroarenes. This method used 30% peroxide as the oxidant and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) as both the solvent and reactant and <em>in situ</em> formed peroxytrifluoroacetic acid without the addition of any metals or additives. This reaction exhibited excellent oxidative selectivity and a broad substrate scope. Various electron-rich and/or electron-deficient arylamines, diamino aromatics and drug molecules were selectively and effectively oxidized to the corresponding nitro compounds in high yields (up to 100%). Mechanism studies show that the reaction proceeds <em>via</em> a nitrosobenzene intermediate pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 46","pages":" 38938-38945"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra06600j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145315634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"1-Ethyl-4-butyl-1,2,4-triazolium acetyl amino acid ionic liquids: preparation and characterization of physicochemical properties","authors":"Kunhao Liang, Jie Meng, Jing Qiao, Lanju Liang, Dawei Fang and Haiyun Yao","doi":"10.1039/D5RA06386H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA06386H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In order to address certain performance limitations of imidazolium amino acid ionic liquids, three novel 1-ethyl-4-butyl-1,2,4-triazolium acetyl amino acid ionic liquids, namely [Taz(2,4)][Acgly], [Taz(2,4)][Acala], and [Taz(2,4)][Accys] were synthesized and characterized in this work. Firstly, based on experimentally determined refractive indices and previously reported data including density, surface tension, viscosity, and heat capacity, the polarization properties, surface properties, and volumetric properties were calculated. Special emphasis was placed on elucidating the influence of acetyl amino acid anion structure on the physicochemical properties of these ionic liquids. Subsequently, by integrating molar surface Gibbs energy with the Lorentz–Lorenz relation, we established a predictive equation for surface tension, which demonstrated excellent agreement with experimental values. Analysis using the polarity coefficient equation revealed that the polarity of the ionic liquids decreases with increasing anion side-chain length, corresponding to enhanced hydrophobicity. Finally, the Eyring viscosity equation and thermodynamic formulas were employed to derive a computational expression for viscous flow activation energy, yielding results consistent with those obtained from the Arrhenius equation. Current limited research on 1-ethyl-4-butyl-1,2,4-triazolium acetyl amino acid ionic liquids necessitates combined experimental and semi-empirical approaches to guide their functional design and industrial applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 46","pages":" 38865-38875"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra06386h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145315614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"misteINK: a protein nanocage-based ink with reversible, stimuli-responsive color shifts.","authors":"Maika Yamashita, Norifumi Kawakami, Ryoichi Arai, Akihito Ikeda, Toshio Moriya, Toshiya Senda, Kenji Miyamoto","doi":"10.1039/d5bm01052g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5bm01052g","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dyes exhibiting polarity-dependent color changes, known as solvatochromism, have great potential for creating sensors, smart materials, and responsive coatings. However, full-range color shifts require a technique to disperse dyes across a wide range of solvent polarities, which remains a persistent challenge. For example, hydrophobic dyes often aggregate in water, preventing effective color shifts. Although surfactants can assist in dye dispersion, they can also prevent solvent molecules from accessing the dye. To address this, we used a 60-mer protein nanocage, TIP60, with a densely pyrene-modified interior surface. The modification did not induce protein denaturation, as monitored by small-angle X-ray scattering, and greatly increased the aqueous solubility of a hydrophobic solvatochromic dye, Nile Red (NR), while preserving its fluorescence. The NR-loaded solution appeared blue, reflecting the polar environment surrounding NR. Cryogenic electron microscopy suggested that the pyrenes interacted with each other to form a binding site for NR. This interaction also contributed to thermostability of TIP60 (65 °C to 86 °C) and stability against sodium dodecyl sulfate, as observed by electrophoresis experiments. When brushed onto plain copy paper, the NR-loaded nanocage appeared bluish-purple and shifted reversibly to purplish red upon heating, returning on cooling-presumably <i>via</i> nanocage dissociation and reassembly. The color change was also sensitive to humidity. We term this material \"misteINK\", a protein-based ink with reversible temperature- and humidity-dependent color changes. These findings demonstrate that a single-step interior modification enables the rational design of protein materials for tuning dye photophysics, providing a powerful strategy for designing protein-based functional materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145297763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocatalytic carboxylation of aryl halides/alkenes with a copper(I) complex bypassing the demand for dual catalysts.","authors":"A John David, Logeshwari Seethapathy, S Vijay Kumar, Rajorshi Das, Anjan Das","doi":"10.1039/d5cc04943a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5cc04943a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We demonstrate the photocatalytic carboxylation of aryl halides/alkenes using a copper(I)-phen complex as a standalone photocatalyst bypassing the demand for dual metal catalysis or organic dye/metal catalysis. Up to 84% yield is achieved with the use of 10 mol% catalyst. The structure of the copper(I)-phen is confirmed by single crystal XRD analysis. The reaction does not occur in the absence of light (400 nm) and can readily be controlled by light intensity modulation. We also demonstrate that a 25% reaction yield of the carboxylated product can be obtained with iodobenzene under sunlight and the process is equally efficient with a gram scale substrate. Mechanistic insights are achieved with experiments and DFT calculations. These results open the door for a greener approach for carboxylation with a cheap, readily available copper complex under mild reaction conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":67,"journal":{"name":"Chemical Communications","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145297742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a micro-solid phase extraction procedure using a histidine-copper adsorbent for the extraction of Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions from tea samples.","authors":"Atefeh Bakhshi, Saeed Mohammad Sorouraddin, Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam, Mir Ali Farajzadeh","doi":"10.1039/d5ay01092f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5ay01092f","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, a micro-solid phase extraction method was developed using a sorbent synthesized from histidine and copper nitrate for the extraction of Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions from tea samples. The extraction system consisted of a syringe cylinder with a compressed cotton layer as a filter, onto which a few milligrams of the sorbent were layered. The extract of the tea sample was passed through the sorbent and elution was performed using methanol. The extracted analytes were quantified by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The effect of critical parameters such as sorbent amount, pH, eluate type and volume, salt, and flow rate on extraction efficiency was studied and optimized. Under optimal conditions, the method demonstrated linear ranges of 2-100 and 1-100 μg Kg^-1 with detection limits of 0.7 and 0.4 μg Kg^-1 for Cd(II) and Zn(II) ions, respectively. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations were ≤5% for repeated measurements, indicating good repeatability. This method was efficient without requiring vortexing or centrifuging steps, simplifying the procedure. Finally, by determining the concentrations of Zn(II) and Cd(II) ions in tea samples, the feasibility of the method was confirmed with relative recoveries between 94.5 and 100.8%.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145306345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, synthesis and acaricidal activity of tetrahydrothiophene derivatives against Psoroptes cuniculi","authors":"Dongdong Chen, Yan Wang, Yujun Wu, Qiaoqiao Yu, Yunhan Wang, Junyao Zheng, Zhong Ying and Changhui Hou","doi":"10.1039/D5RA05421D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA05421D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A series of sulfur-containing five-membered heterocycles were devised and prepared, with substituted chalcones and elemental sulfur acting as precursors. They were subsequently oxidized into the relevant tetrahydrothiophene sulfone derivatives. <em>In vitro</em> assessments were carried out to gauge the acaricidal activity of all 44 synthesized compounds against <em>Psoroptes cuniculi</em>. Based on mass concentration and molar concentration, 16 and 14 compounds, respectively, exhibited significantly superior acaricidal activity compared to the commercial drug ivermectin. Structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies revealed that the sulfone group was an essential structural motif for the acaricidal activity. When halogens and strong electron-withdrawing groups were introduced at the 3- and 5-positions of the benzene ring, the activity was significantly boosted <em>via</em> electronic effects and spatial compatibility. Molecular docking experiments confirmed that tetrahydrothiophene sulfone derivatives can form multiple interactions with the active pocket of acetylcholinesterase (AChE).</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 46","pages":" 39028-39036"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra05421d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145315543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cascaded SrTiO3/TiO2/SrTiS3 heterojunction with enhanced charge separation for highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production","authors":"Chan Lu, Xiaolong Li, Yongning Ma and Yuhao Yang","doi":"10.1039/D5RA05569E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA05569E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Designing efficient catalysts for photocatalytic hydrogen production is a significant challenge due to the intrinsic limitations of wide-band-gap semiconductors, such as severe charge recombination and poor visible-light absorption. Herein, a novel SrTiO<small>₃</small>/TiO<small>₂</small>/SrTiS<small>₃</small> ternary heterojunction is rationally designed and fabricated <em>via</em> a controllable, one-step thermal vulcanization strategy to overcome these limitations. Structural and morphological characterization confirms the successful formation of an intimate three-component heterostructure. The resulting composite exhibits a significantly broadened light absorption range extending into the visible region. More importantly, photoelectrochemical measurements reveal that the ternary heterojunction possesses vastly superior charge separation and transfer efficiency compared to its individual counterparts. Consequently, the optimized photocatalyst demonstrates a remarkable, over 11-fold enhancement in H<small>₂</small> evolution activity compared to pristine SrTiO<small>₃</small>, and maintains excellent stability in cycling tests. The outstanding performance is attributed to a multi-step charge separation mechanism across the dual type-II interfaces. This unique architecture synergistically combines the enhanced light harvesting of the SrTiS<small>₃</small> sensitizer with the efficient spatial separation of photogenerated electrons and holes. This work provides a robust strategy for designing advanced multi-component sulfide/oxide heterojunctions for efficient solar energy conversion.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 46","pages":" 38688-38697"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra05569e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145315601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Copper acetate mediated thiomethylation of 2-pyridine-substituted acrylonitriles with DMSO","authors":"Min Ye, Jie Yang, Cheng Huang and Zhengwang Chen","doi":"10.1039/D5RA07270K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA07270K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >An efficient synthesis of a variety of alkenyl methyl thioethers from acrylonitriles and dimethyl sulfoxide is described. This copper acetate mediated thiomethylation reaction provides the corresponding products with broad substrate scope in moderate to excellent yields. This transformation is achieved through direct functionalization of vinylic C–H bonds, resulting in stereospecific formation of the formal cyanothiolation product of internal alkynes.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 46","pages":" 38832-38835"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra07270k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145315623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and comprehensive characterization of a bioactive compound from Garcinia nervosa: single-crystal X-ray diffraction, antioxidant, protein-binding, and chemosensing studies","authors":"Uzma, Mehtab Parveen, Sabiha Fatima, Avadhesh Kumar, Mohammad Azeem, Masooma Siddiqui and Mahboob Alam","doi":"10.1039/D5RA04922A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA04922A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The study investigates the phytochemical composition and bioactive properties of <em>Garcinia nervosa</em>, with a focus on the structural elucidation of isolated compounds and their potential therapeutic applications. Three bioactive compounds, <em>Gn</em>-01, <em>Gn</em>-02, and <em>Gn</em>-03, were isolated from the leaves of <em>G. nervosa</em>. <em>Gn</em>-01, a known isoflavone named as bergenin, is reported for the first time from this plant, while <em>Gn</em>-03 is newly identified from this plant. These compounds were characterized using UV-Vis, FTIR, NMR, and MS. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed compound <em>Gn</em>-01's orthorhombic space group <em>P</em>2<small>₁</small>2<small>₁</small>2<small>₁</small>, with Hirshfeld surface analysis showing significant O⋯H/H⋯O interactions that stabilize the crystal structure. <em>Gn</em>-01 demonstrated potent antioxidant activity with an IC<small>₅₀</small> of 23.438 μg mL<small>⁻¹</small>, comparable to ascorbic acid, and strong non-intercalative binding to human serum albumin (HSA) with a Stern–Volmer constant (<em>K</em><small>_sv</small>) of 168.3 × 10<small>⁴</small> M<small>⁻¹</small> and a binding constant (<em>K</em><small>_b</small>) of 3.16 × 10<small>⁴</small> M<small>⁻¹</small>, corroborated by molecular docking studies (binding affinity −7.364 kcal mol<small>⁻¹</small>). Notably, <em>Gn</em>-01 acted as a selective and sensitive Cu<small>²⁺</small> chemosensor <em>via</em> a fluorescence turn-on (CHEF) mechanism, forming a 1 : 1 complex (<em>K</em><small>_b</small> = 1.74 × 10<small>⁴</small> M<small>⁻¹</small>; LOD ≈ 0.221 μM). The combination of first-time crystal structure determination, Hirshfeld surface analysis, antioxidant and HSA-binding activity, and Cu<small>²⁺</small> chemosensing establishes <em>Gn</em>-01 as a novel bifunctional therapeutic agent with complementary antioxidant, protein-binding, and metal-sensing activities. Overall, these findings highlight <em>Garcinia nervosa</em> as a valuable source of the multifunctional bioactive molecule bergenin, supporting its chemotaxonomic and pharmacological significance and justifying further pharmacological exploration.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 46","pages":" 38916-38932"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra04922a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145315632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced strategies for the removal of venlafaxine from aqueous environments: a critical review of adsorption and advanced oxidation pathways","authors":"Harez Rashid Ahmed, Dlzar D. Ghafoor, Nian N. M. Agha, Gasha Abdullah Muhamad, Pavel Husamadin and Tariq Muhammad Ali","doi":"10.1039/D5RA06996C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5RA06996C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The persistence of venlafaxine (VEN), a widely prescribed antidepressant (1-[2-(dimethyl amino)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]cyclohexan-1-ol), in aquatic environments raises growing concerns due to its chemical stability, potential for bioaccumulation, and ecotoxicological effects. Conventional wastewater treatment technologies are largely ineffective in eliminating micropollutants, with removal efficiencies often below 30%. This review critically evaluates and compares adsorption-based and advanced oxidation process (AOP)-based methods for removing VEN from aqueous systems. Special focus is given to adsorption mechanisms, including hydrophobic, π–π, electrostatic, and hydrogen bonding interactions using biochar, activated carbon, and emerging nanomaterials. Simultaneously, state of the art AOPs, including Fenton-like, photocatalytic, and persulfate-based oxidation, are analyzed with emphasis on radical generation mechanisms, catalyst design, and operational optimization. Integrating heterogeneous catalysts such as metal oxide nanocomposites and graphene-based frameworks significantly enhances degradation kinetics, selectivity, and reusability under mild reaction conditions. Comparative analysis reveals that adsorption offers eco-friendly and cost-effective pre-treatment, AOPs enable complete mineralization, and are ideal for polishing steps in hybrid treatment systems. This review provides the first comprehensive comparison of adsorption and advanced oxidation pathways for the removal of venlafaxine (VEN), incorporating recent advances from 2022–2024. It critically evaluates mechanistic insights, efficiency trends, and sustainability aspects to establish future research directions for environmentally benign and efficient wastewater remediation.</p>","PeriodicalId":102,"journal":{"name":"RSC Advances","volume":" 46","pages":" 38889-38905"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ra/d5ra06996c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145315616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}