Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Removal of fermentation inhibitors from lignocellulosic hydrolysate using olefin-linked covalent organic framework","authors":"Quanyuan Qiu,&nbsp;Yueren Zeng,&nbsp;Sa Wang,&nbsp;Chenxi Shi,&nbsp;Yinan Hu,&nbsp;Zhenjie Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.cjche.2026.03.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjche.2026.03.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment, inhibitory compounds such as furan aldehydes, phenolics, and carboxylic acids are inevitably generated. These compounds impair microbial growth, hinder sugar uptake, and increase fermentation costs. Among them, formic acid (FA) is especially harmful. To mitigate this challenge, the olefin-linked covalent organic framework NKCOF-41 was employed as an adsorbent for hydrolysate detoxification. NKCOF-41 exhibited exceptional selectivity for FA, achieving a maximum adsorption capacity of 140 mg·g⁻¹at 15 °C while leaving glucose and xylose unaffected. In simulated lignocellulose hydrolysate, adsorption equilibrium was reached rapidly within 30 min and followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Most important, regeneration experiments confirmed that NKCOF-41 retained its adsorption efficiency over multiple cycles. Notably, detoxified hydrolysates treated with NKCOF-41 enabled bioethanol production within 12 h, achieving a 98% yield. These results identify NKCOF-41 as a highly effective and reusable adsorbent for selective inhibitor removal, offering a promising strategy to enhance lignocellulosic biomass conversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9966,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"96 ","pages":"Pages 195-206"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148742875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomimetic engineered polymer nanogels for targeted tyrosinase inhibition and transdermal delivery","authors":"Yuan Li,&nbsp;Ziman Chen,&nbsp;Yongqin Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.cjche.2026.06.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjche.2026.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tyrosinase is the key rate-limiting enzyme in melanogenesis and a central therapeutic target for hyperpigmentation disorders. Here, we report biomimetic polymer nanogels, termed tyrosinase-inhibitory nanogels (TINGs, 20–25 nm) designed to achieve potent tyrosinase inhibition and efficient transdermal delivery. By integrating phenolic and imidazole motifs within a hydrophilic polymer network, the TINGs mimic natural tyrosine substrates and coordinate with the enzyme's binuclear copper active site, leading to strong competitive inhibition. The nanoscale size and hydrogel matrix enable efficient skin penetration and intracellular delivery, circumventing the limitations of conventional small-molecule inhibitors. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that inhibition arises from synergistic substrate-mimetic recognition, copper chelation, hydrophobic stabilization, and nanoscale confinement. TINGs exhibit ultralow IC₅₀ values (∼22 × 10⁻⁷ mol·L⁻¹) and robust suppression of tyrosinase activity and melanin production in both cellular and murine models. This work establishes a generalizable platform for designing abiotic, polymer-based enzyme inhibitors with intrinsic functionality and transdermal delivery capability, providing a new strategy for precise modulation of skin pigmentation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9966,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"96 ","pages":"Pages 257-266"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148394571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-mechanism integration-driven optimization of green hydrogen production via biomass pyrolysis coupled with chemical looping reforming","authors":"Gen Liu,&nbsp;Zhongshun Sun,&nbsp;Panxi Yang,&nbsp;Yujing Yang,&nbsp;Huili Huang,&nbsp;Zihao Tao,&nbsp;Xiangyu Wang,&nbsp;Meixin Li,&nbsp;Chunyu Cheng,&nbsp;Bolun Yang,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.cjche.2026.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjche.2026.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large-scale deployment of green hydrogen is essential to reduce global CO₂ emissions. Biomass pyrolysis coupled with chemical looping reforming offers a potentially low-cost route to green-hydrogen production. In this process, the molecular composition of pyrolysis volatiles and its compatibility with downstream reforming critically determine hydrogen yields. A multi-scale co-optimization strategy that couples biomass pyrolysis with chemical looping reforming is proposed and validated. Specifically, a novel molecular-mediated physics-informed neural network (MMPINN) framework was developed, trained on pyrolysis experimental data, and endowed with physical constraints at both molecular and macroscopic scales to predict macroscopic product properties and detailed molecular compositions. The molecular slate predicted by the MMPINN was used as a bridge to integrate the data-driven model with a mechanistic chemical looping reforming process model, thereby enabling joint optimization of pyrolysis and reforming operating parameters so that pyrolysis products are tailored at the molecular level to the reforming chemistry and green-hydrogen yield is maximized. An average <em>R</em>² of 0.89 was achieved by the MMPINN across diverse biomass types for product prediction; physical consistency degrees of 0.97 and 0.98 were obtained at the molecular and macroscopic scales, respectively, indicating both strong statistical accuracy and physical self-consistency. Under optimized conditions, the green-hydrogen yield from wheat straw was increased by 40.31% relative to the baseline case. Overall, the hybrid data-driven–mechanistic approach demonstrated high accuracy and effectiveness in predicting volatile compositions and optimizing process parameters, leading to marked improvements in system hydrogen-production efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9966,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"96 ","pages":"Pages 207-218"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148742873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstruction of triple-phase virtual electrodes and quantification of mesoscopic parameters in solid oxide cells","authors":"Pengfei Zhu,&nbsp;Yakun Huang,&nbsp;Yihao Wang,&nbsp;Benan Cai,&nbsp;Fusheng Yang,&nbsp;Zaoxiao Zhang,&nbsp;Xiongfei Liu,&nbsp;Zhen Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.cjche.2026.06.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjche.2026.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The binary randomly filled sphere model (BRFS) is a crucial method for rapidly and conveniently estimating mesoscopic parameters of multiphase porous electrodes, yet its reliability and accuracy remain unvalidated. This work primarily aims to determine whether the BRFS model can accurately quantify mesoscopic parameters of multiphase porous electrodes. To achieve this goal, the triple-phase virtual electrodes was generated and reconstructed by numerical method first. Then, the reconstruction model is proposed to extract the key mesoscopic parameters: triple-phase boundary (TPB) length and Ni-pore double-phase boundary (DPB) area. Since the reconstruction model estimates TPB length and DPB area based on the electrode composition and structure, it can serve as a benchmark for evaluating the reliability of the BRFS model. The comparison results show that under different electrode parameters, both models yield TPB magnitudes at the μm⁻² level and DPB magnitudes at the μm⁻¹ level, exhibiting consistent numerical scales. More precisely, when the porosity is 0.3 and the pore diameter ranges from 0.85 μm to 1.1 μm, BRFS model achieves errors of less than 30% for both TPB and DPB. Though BRFS has estimation errors, the errors are acceptable for estimating such fine mesoscopic parameters of multiphase electrodes. This work not only confirmed the acceptance of BRFS in estimating electrode mesoscopic parameters, but also proposed a new method for quantifying the mesoscopic parameters in solid oxide cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9966,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"96 ","pages":"Pages 243-256"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148740634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sub-nanometer-scale highly dispersed Zn-based catalysts for direct propane dehydrogenation","authors":"Yicong Chai,&nbsp;Xiaodong Wang,&nbsp;Jian Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.cjche.2026.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjche.2026.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Propylene is a crucial building block in the petrochemical industry, and propane dehydrogenation (PDH) plays a key role in its production. Zn-based catalysts have emerged as promising alternatives to traditional noble metal systems or Cr-based ones due to their earth abundance, environmental friendliness, and high propylene selectivity. However, Zn-based catalysts suffer from poor stability under high-temperature PDH conditions, leading to deactivation from reduction, volatilization, and migration of Zn species. This review summarizes the development of highly dispersed Zn-based catalysts, focusing on the development of Zn active sites on a sub-nanometer scale from single atoms to dual atoms and small multinuclear ZnO_<em>x</em> clusters. It discusses the advantages and limitations of single-atom Zn catalysts, the instability of Zn aggregates, and the enhanced performance of dual-atom Zn sites through geometric and electronic cooperativity. Furthermore, it explores the catalytic benefits and challenges associated with small multinuclear ZnO_<em>x</em> ensembles in confined environments. By providing a comprehensive overview of Zn-based catalysts for PDH, this review highlights key design principles for improving the stability and efficiency of atomic-scale Zn-based catalysts. Future directions are also outlined, including identification of dynamic active site and the development of cooperative active sites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9966,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"96 ","pages":"Pages 166-179"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148646460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semi-hydrogenation of acetylene on Ni/H-zeolite catalysts with different zeolite topologies","authors":"Tong Guan,&nbsp;Xueming Sun,&nbsp;Rongbin Zhang,&nbsp;Huaxi Li,&nbsp;Gang Feng,&nbsp;Runping Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.cjche.2026.01.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjche.2026.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zeolites are widely used in acetylene semi-hydrogenation to ethylene reaction due to their tunable acidity and ordered crystal porous structure. In this work, zeolites with different structures, including MTW, MFI, BEA, AEL, and MOR, were synthesized and impregnated with Ni. Characterization and performance evaluation of the catalysts were conducted for the acetylene semi-hydrogenation reaction. It was found that all catalysts had a high acetylene conversion rate. The Ni/H-Beta catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic performance at 150 °C achieving a 100% acetylene conversion rate and a 58% ethylene yield. The catalyst with BEA topology had the best performance. The results showed that Ni/H-Beta catalysts had large specific surface area and suitable microporous-mesoporous structure facilitate the formation of highly dispersed nickel species with fine particle sizes, and Beta zeolites had a larger proportion of medium and strong Lewis acid sites, which could effectively modify the electronic structure of Ni. This work investigated the efficacy of Ni catalysts supported on zeolites with different topologies for the semi-hydrogenation of high-concentration acetylene.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9966,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 162-174"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148573652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bubble distribution and mass transfer by experiments and flow field characteristics by CFD simulation in a self-rotating hydraulic stirring tank driven with multi-nozzle jets","authors":"Denghan Luo,&nbsp;Xiaopeng Chen,&nbsp;Zhongyao Zhang,&nbsp;Yong Jin,&nbsp;Jiezhen Liang,&nbsp;Zhangfa Tong,&nbsp;Linlin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cjche.2026.03.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjche.2026.03.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gas–liquid mixing and mass transfer in jet-driven tanks are crucial for multiphase systems. However, the understanding of these devices remains limited. Herein, a novel self-rotating hydraulic agitator with a semi-circular, multi-nozzle, and multi-layer jet design was integrated into a tank. High-speed imaging and dynamic gassing-in were used to characterize the bubbles and measure the volumetric mass transfer coefficient (<em>k</em>_L<em>a</em>). The hydraulic stirring tank generated self-rotating vortices and strong shear forces, promoting bubble break-up compared to a mechanical stirring tank, reducing the Sauter mean diameter (<em>d</em>₃₂) by 25%–40%, increasing the deformation rate (<span><math><mrow><mover><mi>E</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover></mrow></math></span>) by 7%–8%, and enhancing <em>k</em>_L<em>a</em> by 20%–45%. Higher gas and liquid rates intensified the flow disturbances and gas–liquid contact. Appropriate baffles suppress circulation and vortex cores while enhancing local turbulence. The counter-directional configuration of the hydraulic agitator and gas distributor enhanced radial flow and shear interactions, generating smaller, more spherical bubbles that decreased <em>d</em>₃₂ by 4%–8%, increased the <span><math><mrow><mover><mi>E</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover></mrow></math></span> by 4%–5.5%, and improved <em>k</em>_L<em>a</em> by 3%–11%. The effect of pulsed intake mode on gas–liquid mass transfer was investigated, and no observable enhancement was observed under the tested conditions. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted to investigate the flow field and turbulence interaction. These findings reveal that the mechanisms enhancing tank performance include self-rotating vortices, high-velocity shear, multi-zone flow coupling, and gas–liquid interactions, thereby providing valuable insights for optimizing both the tank structure and agitator design of fluid-jet-driven apparatuses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9966,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 328-346"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148588610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of drying treatment on pyrolysis of oily sludge: Kinetic analysis and product evaluation","authors":"Siduo Song,&nbsp;Zhishan Bai,&nbsp;Weijie Zhang,&nbsp;Likun Ma,&nbsp;Xuedong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.cjche.2025.12.036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjche.2025.12.036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drying pretreatment is a widely adopted preprocessing method prior to the pyrolysis of oily sludge (OS). In this study, a tube furnace, thermogravimetric–infrared spectroscopy (TG-IR), and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were employed to evaluate and compare the pyrolysis behaviors of original and dried OS, and to analyze product distributions under various conditions. The results indicate that both original and dried OS undergo pyrolysis in five distinct stages, among which stages 2, 3, and 4 are the most significant. Kinetic analysis reveals that dried OS exhibits lower activation energies of 56.032, 152.166, and 211.462 kJ·mol⁻¹ for these three stages, corresponding to reaction mechanisms of D6 (3D diffusion), F4 (chemical reaction) and F4, respectively. In contrast, original OS exhibits higher activation energies of 81.481, 235.933, and 214.194 kJ·mol⁻¹, associated with the mechanisms A8 (random nucleation and growth), F4, and F1 (order of reaction), respectively. TG-IR analysis identifies H₂, CO₂, CO, and CH₄ as the primary gaseous products from dried OS, with the optimal methane-rich gas yield achieved at temperatures below 724.61 °C. Furthermore, GC-MS analysis of the pyrolysis oil obtained from dried OS at 600 °C reveals higher concentrations of hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds, along with reduced levels of nitrogen-containing and hazardous constituents, suggesting its superior suitability and cost-effectiveness as a recyclable fuel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9966,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 252-262"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148588614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence mechanism and regulation strategy of atmospheric conditions on the thermal decomposition of phosphogypsum","authors":"Weizhe Jie,&nbsp;Tong Wang,&nbsp;Yi Su,&nbsp;Wu Zhou,&nbsp;Yubo Zeng,&nbsp;Yang Li,&nbsp;Hua Zhang,&nbsp;Hongwei Ni","doi":"10.1016/j.cjche.2026.02.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjche.2026.02.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phosphogypsum, a large-volume phosphoric acid production by-product with significant environmental risks, demands urgent resource and high-value utilization. Reductive decomposition to high-activity quicklime is effective for this purpose. For high-quality products, improving CaO yield and inhibiting CaS formation enhances added value. Based on this, this study systematically investigates the reaction mechanism and regulation strategy of phosphogypsum decomposition to CaO under different atmospheric conditions. Special focus is placed on analyzing the effects of CO concentration, CO₂ concentration, and <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>P</mi><msub><mtext>CO</mtext><mn>2</mn></msub></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>P</mi><mtext>CO</mtext></msub></mrow></math></span> partial pressure ratio on the reductive decomposition pathway and the products obtained from phosphogypsum. The results show that introducing CO₂ into the CO reducing atmosphere can effectively promote the conversion of CaSO₄·2H₂O to CaO, increasing the decomposition mass loss rate from 43.10% to 63.83%, indicating that adding CO₂ to the reducing atmosphere achieves directional regulation of CaO formation. When the <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>P</mi><msub><mtext>CO</mtext><mn>2</mn></msub></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>P</mi><mtext>CO</mtext></msub></mrow></math></span> partial pressure ratio increases from 0.15 to 15, the mass loss rate of CaSO₄·2H₂O rises from 55.66% to 62.50%, demonstrating that a higher <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>P</mi><msub><mtext>CO</mtext><mn>2</mn></msub></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>P</mi><mtext>CO</mtext></msub></mrow></math></span> ratio not only promotes the reaction between CaSO₄ and CO to form CaO but also facilitates the conversion of generated CaS to CaO. Under the CO–CO₂–N₂ mixed atmosphere, the initial reaction temperature of phosphogypsum reductive decomposition decreases by approximately 300 °C, while the formation of CaS is inhibited, significantly increasing the CaO content in the products and realizing directional regulation of the thermal decomposition products of phosphogypsum.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9966,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 263-271"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148582930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recovery of calcium resources from phosphogypsum in the preparation of sulfoaluminate cement: Decomposition mechanism and minerals formation","authors":"Shuang Wu,&nbsp;Changzai Ren,&nbsp;Xingliang Yao,&nbsp;Yonggang Yao,&nbsp;Wenlong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cjche.2026.02.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjche.2026.02.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phosphogypsum (PG) is a solid waste generated by the phosphate fertilizer industry. The decomposition of PG allows for the separate recovery of its Ca and S resources. In this work, the decomposition of PG and formation of minerals in the preparation of sulfoaluminate cement (SAC) were studied. Thermodynamics analysis reveals that the formation of SAC minerals accelerates the decomposition of PG by incorporating CaSO₄ and CaO into the reaction matrix. Experimental results revealed that the formation of SAC minerals effectively reduces the decomposition temperature of PG and increases its decomposition rate. The formation of C₂S has the strongest promoting effect on the decomposition of PG. The formation of C₄A₃ <span><math><mrow><mover><mi>S</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover></mrow></math></span> generally has a weaker effect in promoting PG decomposition. In contrast, the formation of C₄AF and composite minerals not only facilitates efficient PG decomposition but also maintains system stability, preventing melting. The formation of SAC minerals is affected by the decomposition of PG, making it difficult to fully generate the target mineral. The kinetic mechanism of PG decomposition is three-dimensional diffusion reaction, while the mechanism changes to two-dimensional diffusion (cylindrical symmetry) reaction in mineral formation. This study presents novel methodologies for recycling Ca and S resources from PG, paving the way for its efficient utilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9966,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"95 ","pages":"Pages 102-112"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148573724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}