chemistry of plant raw material最新文献

{"title":"INFLUENCE OF ACETONE EXTRACT FROM SOME LICHENIZED FUNGI ON THE GROWTH ACTIVITY OF POPULUS TREMULA L. IN VITRO","authors":"D. N. Zontikov, S. Zontikova, K. V. Malakhova, Al'bert Vladimirovich Kanarskiy, Aleksey Aleksandrovich Timakov, Roman Vladimirovich Sergeyev","doi":"10.14258/jcprm.20230211386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20230211386","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of studying the effect of extracts of epigeic lichenized fungi in concentrations from 10 to 50 mg/l on the activity of growth processes, gemmogenesis and rhizogenesis of the economically valuable species Populus tremula L. when cultivated in vitro. Epigeic and epiphytic lichenized fungi served as raw materials for the isolation of the acetone extract: Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach. families Parmeliaceae of the order Lecanorales of the department Lecanoromycetes and Evernia mesomorpha Nyl. – families Parmeliaceae of the order Lecanorales of the class Lecanoromycetes. Acetone was used as a solvent in the extraction of lichen acids from crushed raw materials of thalli. Under the influence of the allelopathic effect of the acetone extract of C. islandica and E. mesomorpha on the activity of growth processes and rhizogenesis of P. tremula, we studied the extract concentrations of 10, 30, and 50 mg/l of the nutrient medium. As a result, it was found that the concentration of the extract of 10 mg/l leads to an increase in the length of the microshoot and activation of the processes of gemmogenesis and rhizogenesis compared to the control in the absence of explant death. Significant differences were obtained in the variant using the acetone extract of C. islandica.","PeriodicalId":9946,"journal":{"name":"chemistry of plant raw material","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139324429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DISPERSION OF CELLULOSIC MATERIALS BY AERODYNAMIC METHOD","authors":"G. K. Malinovskaya, Yekaterina Grigor'yevna Smirnova","doi":"10.14258/jcprm.20230310602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20230310602","url":null,"abstract":"The dissolution of primary and secondary cellulose semi-finished products in order to obtain a fluff fibrous product is becoming increasingly important due to the growth of its use in various industries. The existing equipment dissolves the dried semi-finished product, while the cellulose fibers partially lose their paper-forming properties. In the technology of aerodynamic forming of paper, a wet cellulose semi-finished product is dispersed, which preserves the ability of fibers to bond formation and excludes their mechanical destruction. Fluff pulp was obtained by dispersing dry and wet cellulose semi-finished product оn a laboratory installation for aerodynamic molding. The comparison of the properties of fibers by the value of their specific surface area and the ability to form paper with the strength characteristics required for operation is carried out. The breaking force value of paper formed from wet fibers is 4 times higher than that of paper from dry fibers. The possibility of using fluff pulp in the manufacture of multilayer paper for sanitary – hygienic purposes, which meets the requirements of GOST Ru 52354-2005 group B in terms of the values of the destructive force, is shown. The aerodynamic paper disperser can be used as an alternative equipment for separating cellulosic materials while screening the fibers.","PeriodicalId":9946,"journal":{"name":"chemistry of plant raw material","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139324435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SOURCES AND NATURE OF CRYSTALLINE TURBIDITY OF WINES","authors":"A. Khrapov, Natal'ya Mikhaylovna Ageeva, Ol'ga Nikolayevna Sheludko, Anastasiya Nikolayevna Tikhonova, Larisa Eduardovna Chemisova, Mikhail Viktorovich Antonenko","doi":"10.14258/jcprm.20230211882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20230211882","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Crystal turbidity in wines is a widespread problem of the wine industry. Violation of the stability and presentation of finished products due to the formation of turbidity and precipitation leads to significant losses of wineries. In various years, up to 25% of all wines produced are prone to the formation of crystalline turbidity. The purpose of this work was to generalize data on the sources of crystalline turbidity, their nature, physico-chemical properties, as well as on the physico-chemical parameters of wine that affect the formation and dissolution of crystalline turbidities. Objects and methods of research. Domestic and foreign scientific literature on the subject of the study. The analysis, systematization and generalization of the obtained data were used as research methods. Results and their discussion. The paper presents the main sources of the components of crystalline turbidity, types of crystalline turbidity, their brief characteristics are given, their nature and physico-chemical properties are described, data on the main physico-chemical indicators of wine that influence the formation and dissolution of crystalline turbidity are given. The biological significance, transport and transformation of the components of crystalline turbidities in the grape-must-wine series are described in detail. Conclusions. At the moment, crystalline turbidity of wines, despite a significant number of ways to control, predict their formation and technological methods to combat them, remain one of the main causes of instability and marketability of wine products. To solve the problem of the formation of crystalline turbidity, it is necessary to conduct a deep fundamental study of their properties, as well as factors influencing their formation and sedimentation in the conditions of a multicomponent composition of wine. The results of the review presented in this article will allow enterprises to develop new approaches in the cultivation and processing of grapes.","PeriodicalId":9946,"journal":{"name":"chemistry of plant raw material","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139368448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL OF SPRING WHEAT ACCESSIONS FOR THE CONTENT OF ANTIOXIDANTS IN GRAIN IN THE CONDITIONS OF EASTERN SIBERIA","authors":"V. I. Polonsky, A. Sumina","doi":"10.14258/jcprm.20230210973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20230210973","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to determine the adaptive potential of wheat accessions grown in Eastern Siberia in terms of the total content of antioxidants (TAC) in the grain and 1000 grain weight, as well as to analyze the relationship between the adaptability indicators of accessions for these traits. The object of the study were 7 accessions of spring wheat, which were grown in three ecological points: Krasnoturansky GSU (Krasnoyarsk Territory), Beisky GSU (Republic of Khakassia) and Piy-Khemsky GSU (Republic of Tyva). The HTC values for these items were respectively: 1.50, 1.25, 0.93. For wheat accessions, 1000 grain weight and the TAC value were determined. Grain extraction was carried out using hot bidistilled water, the TAC level was measured on a Tsvet Yauza-01-AA device, gallic acid was used as a reference sample. For each of these traits, 5 adaptability parameters of wheat accessions were calculated: coefficient of ecological variation Cv, stress resistance index d, homeostatic parameter Hom, index of level and stability of the variety PUSS, stability factor SF. It is shown that the conditions for growing wheat (point) did not significantly affect the value of TAC in the grain. It was found that the variability of this trait is mainly due to the wheat genotype. It has been established that the optimal values of adaptability parameters and the smallest sum of ranks both in terms of TAC in the grain and in 1000 grain weight were characteristic of the same Omskaya Krassa wheat accession. A positive relationship was found between each indicator of adaptability in terms of the level of TAC in the grain and that in terms of 1000 grain weight, while the correlation was significant for the stability indicators Hom and PUSS. The recorded results suggest a high probability of obtaining wheat accessions with increased stability in terms of TAC in grain when selecting forms for high stability in terms of grain size and vice versa. The discovered effect is the basis of a new method for screening wheat genotypes for an increased level of adaptability in terms of the content of functional substances in the grain – antioxidants, using data on 1000 grain weight instead of the laborious method of their direct measurement for the corresponding calculations.","PeriodicalId":9946,"journal":{"name":"chemistry of plant raw material","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139368481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXTRACTION OF CHLOROPHYLLS AND CAROTENOIDS FROM SPRUCE NEEDLES WITH SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE","authors":"T. Skrebets, A. D. Ivakhnov, Valeriya Ivanovna Repina","doi":"10.14258/jcprm.20230211878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20230211878","url":null,"abstract":"Supercritical carbon dioxide, being a non-polar solvent, has proven itself well as an extractant for the extraction of non-polar compounds from plant materials. However, the use of co-solvents that enhance the polar properties of the SO2 in the supercritical state greatly enhances its use for extraction. Wood greens, in particular spruce, contain a large number of useful substances of varying polarity, for which extraction is one of the main extraction methods. Spruce needles were extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide with alcohol additives as co-solvents to extract chlorophylls and carotenoids. The pigment content of the sample obtained by exhaustive Soxhlet extraction with ethanol (isopropanol) was 0.025 mg/g for carotenoids, 0.3 mg/g for chlorophylls. Supercritical pigment extraction was carried out in a Waters MV-10ASFE extractor (USA) at temperatures of 60 °C and 80 °C, varying in pressure from 100 at to 300 at, co-solvent concentration from 0 to 10%, extraction duration from 10 to 60 minutes. Analysis of extracts for carotenoids and chlorophyll was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography on LC-30 “Nexera” (Shimadzu), Japan. It has been found that supercritical SO2 at maximum process parameters is capable of extracting three times more carotenoids than chlorophylls. The addition of co-solvents has little or no effect on the amount of carotenoids recovered, while the chlorophyll content of the extract can be increased 4–7 times with ethanol and 3–4 times with iso-propanol.","PeriodicalId":9946,"journal":{"name":"chemistry of plant raw material","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139368398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FLAVONOIDS OF THE FAR EASTERN SPECIES OF THE GENUS BUPLEURUM L.","authors":"A. V. Myagchilov, P. Gorovoy, L. Sokolova","doi":"10.14258/jcprm.20230211645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20230211645","url":null,"abstract":"Compounds of the flavonoid class were isolated from six species of plants of the genus Bupleurum L. growing in the Russian Far East (Primorsky Krai, Magadan Region) by liquid extraction. Five compounds were identified by reversed-phase liquid chromatography: avicularin, rutin, narcissin, quercetin, isorhamnetin. Avicularin has been identified in the plants B. atargense, B. longiradiatum for the first time. The structure of compounds (avicularin, rutin, narcissin) isolated by preparative column chromatography on silica gel in the gradient elution mode with a mixture of solvents (carbon tetrachloride and ethyl alcohol) was proved by NMR-1H, 13C, 1H,13C-HMBC spectroscopy and mass spectrometry with ESI. The sum of flavonoids in the aerial part of six species of the genus Bupleurum L. was determined by differential spectrophotometry, the mass fraction of which varies from 0.58 to 2.92%. The highest content of flavonoids was found in B. euphoiroides – 2.92±0.58%, and the least – in B. longiradiatum (0.58±0.12%). Comparative analysis of individual flavonoids in species of the genus Bupleurum L. revealed the specificity of their accumulation. The main flavonoid in the aerial part of B. atargense, B. euphoiroides is quercetin – 1.14±0.23%, 0.92±0.18%, and in B. triradiatum, B. komarovianum, B. scorzonerifolium, B. longiradiatum – rutin (0.47±0.09%, 0.18±0.04%, 0.32±0.08%, 0.13±0.03% accordingly).","PeriodicalId":9946,"journal":{"name":"chemistry of plant raw material","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139368409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPONENT COMPOSITION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF PEROVSKIA ANGUSTIFOLIA ESSENTIAL OIL","authors":"O. Askarova, K. Bobakulov, S. Sasmakov, Tulkin Sadullaev, E. Botirov","doi":"10.14258/jcprm.20230211583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20230211583","url":null,"abstract":"The component composition of the essential oil (EO) obtained by hydrodistillation from the air-dry and fresh aboveground parts of the plant Perovskia angustifolia Kudr., growing on the territory of the Namangan region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. By GC-MS, 57 compounds were identified in the composition of the EO from the air-dried plant, while 46 substances were found in the composition of the EO from the fresh plant, which is 94.0 and 96.2% of the total amount of EOs, respectively. The main EO components of both the air-dry and fresh aerial parts are 1,8-cineole, its content is 24.2 and 25.1%, respectively. EO from an air-dry plant contains camphor (8.6%), endoborneol (7.3%), bornyl acetate (6.2%), caryophyllene (4.4%), α-humulene (4.1%), δ-cadinene (3.8%) and other connections. The dominant components in the composition of EO from a fresh plant, in addition to 1,8-cineol, are camphor (13.8%), endoborneol (8.6%), bornyl acetate (7.0%), γ-terpinene (7.0%), m-cymene (5.2% ), Δ-3-karene (4.5%), δ-cadinene (2.9%). The aerial part of P. angustifolia can serve as a rich source of 1,8-cineole, which is used in bronchitis, colds of the respiratory tract, chronic and inflammatory respiratory diseases. EO from the aerial part of the air-dry P. angustifolia exhibits a noticeable antimicrobial and antifungal effect against test strains of gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria, while gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus turned out to be the most sensitive to the effects of essential oil.","PeriodicalId":9946,"journal":{"name":"chemistry of plant raw material","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139368441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF THE FOMITOPSIS PINICOLA TRUNE EXTRACT IN THE COMPOSITION OF POLYETHYLENE FILMS","authors":"Elena Valerievna Vorobyova","doi":"10.14258/jcprm.20230211375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20230211375","url":null,"abstract":"Scientific literature shows that the thallus of Fomitopsis pinicola is sufficiently rich in secondary metabolites with pronounced antioxidant properties. However, the experiments showed that ethanol extracts of F. pinicola compared with extracts of higher plants (for example, Chelidonium majus) were characterized by low antioxidant properties, both in the polymer composition and according to biochemical analysis. The induction period of oxidation of polyethylene films with extracts of F. pinicola was 3.25 times lower than the induction period of oxidation of similar polymer films with C. majus extracts. It is assumed that this result is a consequence of the presence of most phenolic compounds of F. pinicola within melanins. In the composition of these pigments, phenolic compounds are sedentary and cannot diffuse in the polymer melt. In addition, a number of reactive functional groups will not exhibit their antioxidant properties because of spatial difficulties. Extraction conditions (extractant, time), under which the obtained F. pinicola extracts confirm high antioxidant properties in polyethylene films, significantly exceeding the antioxidant properties of C. majus extracts, were experimentally determined during the studies. It is shown that to obtain highly effective antioxidant F. pinicola extracts for polymer stabilization it is most rational to use acetone as an extractant. The recommended extraction time is at least 5 days.","PeriodicalId":9946,"journal":{"name":"chemistry of plant raw material","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139368453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANALYSIS OF SPENT LIQUOR OF LOW-TEMPERATURE ALKALINE DELIGNIFICATION OF HARDWOOD","authors":"Vladimir Kliment'yevich Duboviy, Elena Yurievna Demiantseva, Ivan Nikolaevich Koverninskij","doi":"10.14258/jcprm.20230212080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20230212080","url":null,"abstract":"Complex and deep processing of wood raw materials to produce products with high added value while reducing the amount of waste is one of the urgent tasks of the modern pulp and paper industry. The search for economically profitable, but at the same time resource-, energy-saving and environmentally friendly technologies for processing wood raw materials in the modern world is becoming the most important means of ensuring the sustainable development of the industry. An alternative innovative method for the production of high-yield fibrous semi-finished products is the production of an extrusion chemical-thermomechanical mass as a result of low-temperature (90 °C) at atmospheric pressure alkaline delignification of hardwood. The liquor obtained in the process of delignification is a complex complex of mineral compounds and products of destruction of lignin, polysaccharides, extractives and products of their.","PeriodicalId":9946,"journal":{"name":"chemistry of plant raw material","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139368381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS DASIPHORA MANDSHURICA DEPENDING ON THE PHASE DEVELOPMENT","authors":"E. V. Andysheva, E. Khramova","doi":"10.14258/jcprm.20230211452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20230211452","url":null,"abstract":"Results of seasonal changes of phenolic compounds are presented in the article for leaves of Dasiphora mandshurica grown in culture of the south of the Amur Region. The phenolic compounds were analyzed by the method of a high-performance liquid chromatography. Six glycosides of flavonol (hyperoside, isoquercitrin, rutin, avicularin, quercitrin, astragalin), two aglycones (quercetin and rhamnetin) and tannins (ellagic acid and its glycoside) were found. It was found that phenolic composition of D. mandshurica is constant, but the changes of qualitative composition occur at the expense of minor compounds. The largest number of phenolic components (25) was established in stage the period of bud swelling of the leaf buds and periods of beginning and the mass of a blossoming. A higher total content of phenolic compounds in leaves of D. mandshurica was established in the stages the period of full isolation of leaves (35.3 mg/g), of total aglycones – in the period of ending of a blossoming (0.48 mg/g), and of total flavonols – in the period of mass blossoming (22.2 mg/g). Quercetin, kaempferol, rhamnetin glycosides were found in all stages of development. The largest glycosides of flavonol were found in the phases of the vegetation, budding and blossoming, and aglycones (quercetin and rhamnetin) at the beginning of vegetation and the ending of a blossoming. A fact of contrariety of the dynamics of accumulation of glycosides and their aglycones was revealed. A higher content of most individual phenolic compounds was found as in young leaves in the vegetation and budding, so in mature leaves in the blossoming phase. Avicularin and hyperoside are the predominant glycosides during the growing season. A higher content of the tannins was established in young leaves, ellagic acid dominated in the phase of the vegetation whereas ellagic acid glycoside was the predominant in the phase of the budding.","PeriodicalId":9946,"journal":{"name":"chemistry of plant raw material","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139368405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}