Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health最新文献

{"title":"Psychotic-like experiences and non-suicidal self-injury in the community population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Rite Si, Chenxi Wang, Yushen Ding, Mathangie Gananathan, Hang Liu, Hexuan Liu, Qijing Bo, Tingting Zhao, Fuchun Zhou, Chuanyue Wang","doi":"10.1186/s13034-026-01103-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13034-026-01103-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of the study was to systematically examine the association between psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in community populations through meta-analysis, with a focus on prospective evidence regarding this association and potential psychosocial correlates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase from inception to August 2025. Studies reporting quantitative data on the association between PLEs and NSSI in community populations were included. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed to estimate the pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). This association was further examined through a preliminary prospective meta-analysis of two longitudinal studies reporting adjusted odds ratios for the prediction of incident NSSI by baseline PLEs. Potential sources of heterogeneity were explored by exploratory subgroup analyses across study design, geographical region, gender composition, NSSI assessment methods, and assessment time window match between PLEs and NSSI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight studies involving 19,719 participants were included in the meta-analysis, and an additional eleven studies were included in the narrative synthesis. Individuals with PLEs had a significantly increased odds of NSSI compared to those without PLEs (OR = 3.09, 95% CI [2.05-4.66], p < 0.001). A prospective analysis of two longitudinal studies indicated that baseline PLEs significantly predicted incident NSSI at follow-up (OR = 2.17, 95% CI [1.56-3.02]). The estimated prevalence of PLEs and NSSI in community populations was 11.0% (95% CI [7.9%-15.2%]) and 6.9% (95% CI [4.3%-11.1%]), respectively. Narrative synthesis suggested that depressive symptoms, childhood adversity, bullying victimization, and pandemic-related stress were associated with higher odds of NSSI, whereas social support was associated with lower odds.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings demonstrate a robust association between PLEs and NSSI in community populations. Preliminary prospective evidence from a limited number of longitudinal studies further suggests that baseline PLEs may predict incident NSSI at follow-up, although this finding warrants confirmation in future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":9934,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13465242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148041337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurodevelopmental and psychiatric comorbidities of children and adolescents with specific learning disorders: associations with gender and educational level.","authors":"Giulia Lazzaro, Andrea Battisti, Cristiana Varuzza, Francesca Giumello, Fabio Quarin, Federica Somma, Pietro De Rossi, Stefano Vicari, Deny Menghini","doi":"10.1186/s13034-026-01097-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13034-026-01097-2","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Specific Learning Disorders (SLDs) are among the most common neurodevelopmental conditions, affecting not only academic performance but also a child's daily functioning and overall well-being. Alongside their learning difficulties, many young people with SLDs show a greater vulnerability to emotional and behavioural problems. Although these issues are increasingly recognised, much of the available research still relies on screening questionnaires rather than structured diagnostic assessments, focuses mainly on SLDs with impairment in reading, or is based on small samples. In addition, more than a decade has passed since the last epidemiological study, resulting in a lack of updated evidence on neurodevelopmental and psychiatric comorbidities in SLDs. As SLDs diagnoses increase and mental health needs intensify, robust updated data are necessary. This study offers clinically based estimates of comorbid neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in a large SLDs cohort and examines the association between gender and educational level.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This retrospective cross-sectional study included 952 children and adolescents (7-19 years) diagnosed with SLDs and evaluated at the Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit of the Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital. Neurodevelopmental and psychiatric comorbidities were assessed through multidisciplinary clinical evaluation, including developmental history, clinical observation, and a semi-structured diagnostic interview (K-SADS-PL DSM-5), and were diagnosed according to DSM-5/DSM-5-TR criteria.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Overall, 53.9% of participants presented at least one neurodevelopmental or psychiatric comorbidity. ADHD was the most frequent diagnosis (32.1%), followed by anxiety disorders (15.9%), mood disorders (3.3%), and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD, 1.9%). Gender and educational level were associated with comorbidity patterns. Specifically, males showed higher rates of ADHD (M/F: 65.7% vs 49.5%) and ODD (M/F: 9.4% vs 4.2%), whereas females exhibited higher rates of anxiety (M/F: 30.8% vs 50.5%). Moreover, primary school students were more likely to receive an ADHD diagnosis (Primary/Secondary: 69.1% vs 47.6%), while secondary school students showed higher rates of anxiety and mood disorders (respectively, Primary/Secondary: 28.1% vs 51.1%; Primary/Secondary: 4.9% vs 11.6%). Finally, stratified descriptive analyses suggested increase prevalence of mood disorders among female participants attending secondary school.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;SLDs frequently co-occur with clinically significant neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diagnosis. ADHD and anxiety disorders are the most common comorbidities, displaying associations with gender and age. Our findings may be interpreted within the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework, which conceptualizes neurodevelopmental and psychiatric comorbidity as the expression of partially ","PeriodicalId":9934,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13480105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148013835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal patterns of adolescent well-being and associations with health-related outcomes in young adulthood: a cohort study using latent growth mixture modelling.","authors":"Max Herke, Tobias Rähse, Anja Knöchelmann","doi":"10.1186/s13034-026-01100-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13034-026-01100-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adolescence represents a sensitive developmental period that can have lasting consequences for later health. This study investigates long-term patterns of subjective well-being during adolescence and their associations with health-related outcomes in young adulthood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Drawing on data from the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS), we use latent growth mixture modelling (LGMM) to identify distinct trajectories of well-being in a cohort of 8,137 adolescents aged 11 to 21 and relate them to childhood social determinants as antecedents and health-related outcomes in young adulthood.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four distinct classes emerged: a large group with stable high well-being (78.3%), two classes displaying a temporary decrease in subjective well-being earlier around age 15 (11.1%) or later around age 17 (7.8%), and a small catching up group with initially low but improving well-being (2.8%), with the caveat that panel attrition may have limited the identification of an additional persistently adverse trajectory class. Membership in these trajectories was associated with socio-demographic and socio-economic factors. Adolescents from higher-income households and nuclear families were more likely to follow the stable high trajectory, whereas those from single-parent or step-families or attending non-academic schools were more likely to experience early or late drops or belong to the catching up group. Well-being trajectories significantly predicted health-related outcomes in young adulthood (age 22-23), such as self-rated health, body mass index, smoking, and alcohol consumption. The late drop group reported the poorest outcomes, while those in the stable high group reported better overall health and fewer risk behaviours. The catching up group, although initially disadvantaged, approached the levels of their peers, suggesting resilience processes at work.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings underscore the importance of adolescence as a sensitive period with lasting implications for health-related outcomes. Supporting adolescent well-being - particularly during critical transition points - may help reduce health inequalities and promote healthier trajectories into adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":9934,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13267387/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148004929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing global mental health through social media engagement: lessons from an international professional organization (IACAPAP).","authors":"Lakshmi Sravanti, Hesham M Hamoda","doi":"10.1186/s13034-026-01095-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13034-026-01095-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the emergence of social media in 2004, it has become an increasingly influential medium for communication, education, and advocacy within healthcare. For child and adolescent mental health, it offers unique opportunities to engage a diverse global audience, promote mental health literacy, galvanize partners in advocating for children's mental health and counter misinformation and stigma. At the same time, the use of social media by professional medical organizations raises important questions related to ethics, governance, credibility, and responsible engagement, particularly when working with vulnerable populations such as children and adolescents. Despite the widespread adoption of social media by health professionals and organizations, there is limited guidance on how international professional bodies can strategically and ethically navigate this evolving digital landscape. Here, we draw on our experience managing the social media platforms of the International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions (IACAPAP), a global organization representing mental health professionals across disciplines and regions. We describe the objectives and scope of IACAPAP's social media activities, including mental health promotion, professional education, and advocacy, and outline key strategies used and challenges encountered to tailor content across platforms. Based on these experiences, we propose the \"ABLE-GA\" framework to support responsible social media engagement by professional medical organizations. ABLE-GA stands for Alignment, Boundaries, Language, Ethics, Governance and Adaptation. By sharing lessons learned from IACAPAP's experience, this commentary aims to contribute to the emerging discourse on the role of social media in child and adolescent mental health and to offer practical insights for professional organizations seeking to use digital platforms effectively and ethically.</p>","PeriodicalId":9934,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13198035/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148004914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of experimental ostracism on cortisol, autonomic regulation, and affective states in adolescents with nonsuicidal self-injury.","authors":"Andreas Goreis, Annika Lozar, Rosa List, Sofia-Marie Oehlke, Diana Klinger, Bettina Pfeffer, Karin Prillinger, Clarissa Laczkovics, Heidi Zesch, Urs M Nater, Nadine Skoluda, Peter B Marschik, Laurence Claes, Paul L Plener, Oswald D Kothgassner","doi":"10.1186/s13034-026-01099-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13034-026-01099-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adolescents who engage in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) show a high sensitivity to ostracism, and its effects may be amplified by dysregulated stress-system function. However, ecologically grounded experimental studies examining multilevel stress responses in adolescent mental health remain scarce. We used a novel, ecologically valid in-person ostracism paradigm to assess subjective, autonomic, and endocrine responses in adolescents with recent NSSI and to characterize stress trajectories.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty adolescents with recent NSSI (mean age = 16.40 years, 76% female) were randomized (1:1) to live social inclusion or exclusion in a face-to-face ball-toss task based on the Cyberball paradigm. Salivary cortisol was sampled at five points from pre-task to 40 min post-task. Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) were recorded at baseline and during the interaction. Subjective stress, tension, and NSSI urges were assessed before and after the task. Perceived exclusion and psychological need threat were also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found clear ostracism effects on perceived exclusion and basic psychological need threat. Cortisol declined across the paradigm in both conditions (inclusion/exclusion), but the decline was flatter after exclusion, indicating attenuated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis downregulation. HR decreased modestly over time across conditions, and HRV diverged by condition: it decreased during exclusion and increased during inclusion. There were no condition-related changes in self-reported stress, tension, or NSSI urges.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest a decoupling between subjective and psychobiological stress systems in adolescents with NSSI in response to ostracism, characterized by rapid parasympathetic withdrawal and a blunted HPA axis downregulation. This pattern may reflect heightened physiological sensitivity to social threat despite limited conscious distress.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This study has been registered at the German Clinical Trials Register (ID: DRKS00025905, https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00025905 ).</p>","PeriodicalId":9934,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13435941/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148004824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dual-approach analysis of parenting styles and their differential impact on proactive and reactive aggression in Chinese adolescents.","authors":"Annis Lai Chu Fung, Weiye Zhou","doi":"10.1186/s13034-026-01101-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13034-026-01101-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While parenting style is a well-established correlate of adolescent aggression, prior research has rarely compared specific parenting behaviours across distinct proactive and reactive aggression profiles. The present study addressed this gap by integrating specific parenting behaviours and proactive and reactive aggression within both subgroup-based and variable-centred analytic frameworks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1,300 Chinese adolescents and their parents from four middle schools in Hong Kong completed questionnaires. Adolescents were classified into non-aggressive, reactive, proactive, and co-occurring reactive-proactive groups using a composite classification based on standardized parent- and self-reported aggression scores. Parenting was assessed at both the global style level (authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive) and the behaviour level (warmth and acceptance, reasoning and induction, democratic participation, physical coercion, verbal hostility, and non-reasoning or punitive discipline). Subgroup-based multivariate analyses of covariance were conducted to compare parenting patterns across aggression groups, followed by hierarchical regression models predicting proactive and reactive aggression from parenting variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Subgroup-based analyses showed that, compared with non-aggressive adolescents, aggression groups generally experienced more maladaptive parenting patterns, especially higher authoritarian and permissive parenting. The proactive group reported the lowest levels of positive parenting, whereas the co-occurring reactive-proactive group showed the highest mean levels on several negative parenting dimensions, although overlap among aggression groups remained substantial. Variable-centred analyses further showed that parenting explained substantially more variance in parent-reported than in self-reported aggression. Across parent-reported models, permissive parenting, physical coercion, and non-reasoning or punitive discipline emerged as the most consistent positive correlates of both reactive and proactive aggression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Together, these findings suggest that parenting-aggression associations are overlapping but not uniform across adolescent aggression profiles. Compared with broad parenting styles, behaviour-level indicators provided a more specific account of the parenting practices associated with aggression. These results identify potentially modifiable family correlates that may help guide future longitudinal and intervention research on adolescent aggression.</p>","PeriodicalId":9934,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13386714/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147970774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between paternal PTSD and child mental health: a systematic literature review.","authors":"Liquori L Etheridge, Sungseek Moon, Aynsley H Scheffert, Christina Chan-Park, Danny Clark","doi":"10.1186/s13034-026-01073-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13034-026-01073-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fathers play a crucial role in their children's psychosocial development, positively influencing emotional, cognitive, and social competencies. Paternal Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) can disrupt this dynamic, potentially compromising the psychological well-being and developmental outcomes of their offspring. This systematic review aims to investigate the relationship between paternal PTSD and the prevalence of psychopathology in children and adolescents, providing a comprehensive understanding of how trauma experienced by fathers may influence their children's mental health. A systematic search of PsycINFO, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and PILOTS yielded only six studies that met the inclusion criteria. Findings indicate a significant association between paternal PTSD and increased risk of depression, anxiety, and behavioral disorders in children and adolescents. Furthermore, the results suggest that maternal mental health status may moderate the relationship between paternal PTSD and offspring mental health outcomes. Future research should explore the mechanisms of trauma transmission from fathers to children, the broader impact of paternal PTSD on family dynamics, and the specific role of maternal mental health in this context.</p>","PeriodicalId":9934,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13520222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147962635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions of information and participation in child and adolescent mental health care: a comparison of patient and caregiver reports across inpatient and day hospital settings.","authors":"Daria Nolkemper, Dirk Lubbe, Ferdinand Keller, Bettina K Doering, Stefanie Bienioschek","doi":"10.1186/s13034-026-01096-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13034-026-01096-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS), the principles of information provision and participatory decision-making have gained prominence, reflecting both legal mandates and ethical standards. Within the last few years, the number of day hospital treatment programs has increased and political decisions led to a reduction in inpatient beds. Given the structural and procedural differences between the treatment settings, this study examines whether patients' and caregivers' ratings of information and participation differ between an inpatient treatment and a day hospital treatment.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Patients and caregivers answered the \"Broad Evaluation of Satisfaction with Treatment\" (BEST) questionnaire before discharge from inpatient or day hospital treatment. Two exploratory new subscales were pragmatically composed from existing items in the BEST: An information and a participation subscale. Data from 127 children, 93 caregivers, and 136 adolescents regarding their perception of information provision and participation were analyzed to examine potential differences between the settings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children and caregivers rated information provision and participation equally high in both treatment settings. Adolescents, however, reported higher satisfaction with information provision during day hospital treatment compared to inpatient treatment. Gender and diagnosis affected the evaluations of participation within the adolescent sample. In the child sample, gender had an effect on the ratings of participation. The subscales Information and Participation show good reliabilities in the adolescent and in the caregiver samples, whereas within the child sample, only the participation subscale shows sufficiently good psychometric properties.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite structural and conceptual differences between the settings, there are no significant differences in the perception of participation. Adolescents in the day hospital, however, reported higher satisfaction with information than adolescents in inpatient treatment. One possible explanation could be a participatory treatment planning tool that is used in the day hospital for adolescents. This tool addresses the item \"Goals of treatment discussed\" which is located in the information subscale. The subscales of the BEST questionnaire, particularly those related to information and participation, may be helpful in highlighting and fostering person-centered care, especially for adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":9934,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13196158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147962552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of executive function training in preschool children with ASD: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Liwei Fan, Yanqing Guo, Miaomiao Cheung, Meiying Tian, Xintong Hu, Daokai Lv, Yi Ling, Yifang Wang, Hangqi Liu, Qinyi Liu, Gangqiang Han, Yirong Liu, Jie Liang, Yu Bai, Ximeng Huang, Peng Lin, Jialu Chen, Xue Li, Jing Liu","doi":"10.1186/s13034-026-01092-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13034-026-01092-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This two-arm, assessor-blinded, randomized controlled trial investigated the effect of a 16-week Executive Function Training Course (EFTC) based on the principles of ABA for preschool children with ASD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy-two children aged 3-6 years were randomly allocated to the intervention group (EFTC + treatment as usual, TAU) or control group (TAU). Executive function (EF) served as the primary outcome, evaluated using both performance-based tasks and parent-report rating scales. Secondary outcomes included core autism symptoms, emotional-behavioral comorbidities, developmental progress, and parental stress.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Linear mixed model analysis revealed significant group × time interactions for total EF [F (1, 67.94) = 9.712, p = 0.003], inhibition [F (1, 66.97) = 5.916, p = 0.018], and working memory [F (1, 67.15) = 6.173, p = 0.015] measured by the task-based EF assessment. No significant differences were observed in parent-reported EF or other secondary outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings provide empirical evidence for the effectiveness of EFTC on EF in preschool children with ASD. More studies are needed to explore the effects of EFTC in ecological contexts, as well as on broader symptomatology and development, and long-term effects on EF in preschool children with ASD.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The trial is registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2400091585 (2024.10.30), https://www.chictr.org.cn/bin/project/edit?pid=249048 .</p>","PeriodicalId":9934,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13366625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147940530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Less is more? A hybrid machine learning and psychometric approach to identifying clinically relevant psychopathology in Chinese youth using the Child Behaviour Checklist.","authors":"Jie Luo, Wen Shao, Orestis Zavlis, Yuanzhen Wu, Huanhuan Huang, Gaoyang Xu, Yanjie Qi, Yi Zheng, Fan He","doi":"10.1186/s13034-026-01087-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13034-026-01087-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Screening for psychiatric risk in youth at the population level is often constrained by resource limitations and lengthy assessment tools. This study aimed to develop a reduced, psychometrically robust subset of Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) items to effectively predict transdiagnostic psychiatric morbidity in the youth population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were drawn from a nationally representative sample of 72,109 Chinese youth aged 6-16 years. Initial item screening on the full sample employed unique variance analysis, item-rest correlation tests, and conceptual redundancy checks. A nested case-control subset (approximately 4,500 with diagnoses and 5,000 without) was used for feature selection. Recursive feature elimination with repeated cross-validation was then applied to the nested subset to derive three item sets (n = 35, 69, 98). These were psychometrically evaluated using exploratory graph analysis and confirmatory factor analysis in two age- and gender-stratified samples from the full dataset. Predictive performance was assessed using five machine learning algorithms, trained and tested on a 70/30 split of the nested case-control data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 35-item and 60-item subsets achieved high diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.88-0.89), with performance comparable to the best-performing larger subsets. Items captured transdiagnostic dimensions including Functional Somatic Symptoms, Neurodevelopmental Dysregulation, Affective-Social Withdrawal, Threat Sensitivity and Cognitive-Perceptual Disturbance, and Disinhibited-Irritable Externalising.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The reduced CBCL sets demonstrated strong diagnostic utility and psychometric soundness. This scalable tool supports transdiagnostic, data-driven screening of youth psychiatric risk at the population level.</p>","PeriodicalId":9934,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13317162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147833689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}