Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health最新文献

{"title":"Critical windows: timing of child maltreatment exposure and adult mental health.","authors":"Daniëlle Otten, Inga Schalinski, Jörg M Fegert, Andreas Jud, Elmar Brähler, Vera Clemens","doi":"10.1186/s13034-026-01188-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13034-026-01188-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite being recognized as the leading risk factor for mental disorders, child maltreatment (CM) remains insufficiently understood regarding type and timing of exposure. This study examines which developmental periods of exposure to CM subtypes are most strongly associated with adult mental disorders in women and men.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from a German survey study from 2021 was used. The sample included N = 1,278 women [51.8%] (M_age = 50.3; SD = 17.6) and N = 1,188 men [48.2%] (M_age = 51.1; SD = 17.6). CM was assessed using the ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tools Retrospective version questionnaire. Conditioned Random Forest regression analyses were applied to examine the relevance of type and timing of CM for internalising [IMD] and externalising mental disorders [EMD] in adulthood. SHapley Additive exPlanations analyses were performed as post-hoc tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Timing of exposure to emotional abuse was most strongly associated with IMD; for women between ages 10-16 (variable importance [VI] ranging from 0.255 to 1.014), and for men ages 13 and 14 (VI: 0.349 and VI: 0.504). For men, EMD were most closely linked to emotional abuse between ages 10-16 (VI: 0.174-0.968), for women to exposure to sexual abuse between ages 13-15 (VI: 0.136-0.331) and neglect between ages 11-17 (VI: 0.098-0.331).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Distinct developmental windows of vulnerability to varying subtypes of CM shape adult mental health differently in women and men. Considering timing of subtypes of CM may enhance diagnosis and prevention strategies aimed at reducing lifetime mental health risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":9934,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13647614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149134747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping emotion regulation profiles in adolescence and examining their associations with mental health outcomes.","authors":"Moa Nilsson, Elsa Segercrantz Walther, Linn Willkomm, Jonas Bjärehed, Daiva Daukantaitė","doi":"10.1186/s13034-026-01180-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13034-026-01180-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Emotion regulation (ER) plays a crucial role in adolescent mental health, yet its complexity is often overlooked. ER involves the use of multiple strategies, and individuals frequently combine several strategies to manage their emotions. To better capture this complexity, person-centred approaches have increasingly been used to identify ER strategy profiles. However, research on ER profiles among adolescents remains limited. The present study therefore adopted a person-centred approach to identify ER strategy profiles in adolescents and examine their associations with mental health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Survey data were collected from a community sample of Swedish adolescents (n = 759; M_age = 13.9 years; 48.6% girls). The survey included measures of six ER strategies, including rumination/negative thinking, positive reorientation, social support, aggressive outlet, creative expression, and distraction, as well as measures of life satisfaction, anxiety, depression, and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Latent profile analysis was used to identify distinct ER strategy profiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five ER profiles were identified: Positive Reorientation-Focused, Minimal Strategy, Multiple Strategy, Rumination-Focused, and Creative Rumination-Aggression. The profiles differed significantly across all mental health outcomes, with large effect sizes. The Positive Reorientation-Focused and Minimal Strategy profiles showed the most favourable mental health, whereas the Multiple Strategy profile showed intermediate outcomes. The Rumination-Focused and Creative Rumination-Aggression profiles showed the poorest mental health. Notably, the Minimal Strategy profile, comprising primarily boys, was associated with favourable outcomes despite limited strategy use. The Creative Rumination-Aggression profile, which consisted predominantly of girls, showed the most severe pattern, with nearly half of its members scoring within the clinical range for anxiety and 75.5% reporting repetitive NSSI. Creative expression occurred in profiles characterized by both favourable and poorer mental health, suggesting that its associations with mental health may vary depending on the broader ER configuration in which it occurrs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggest that favourable mental health outcomes are associated with multiple ER strategy configurations rather than a single optimal pattern, and that the associations between individual strategies and mental health may depend on the broader regulatory repertoire in which they are embedded. Longitudinal research is needed to clarify whether minimal strategy use reflects an adaptive pattern or a potential vulnerability over time, and to evaluate the relative stability and developmental relevance of the five- and six-profile solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9934,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615630/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149058938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of a family-oriented intervention for children of mentally ill parents on children's mental health and health-related quality of life: a prospective, rater-blinded, cluster-randomized controlled multicenter trial.","authors":"Theresa Paumen, Mareike Busmann, Anne Daubmann, Alexandra Höller, Ann-Kathrin Ozga, Reinhold Kilian, Sibylle M Winter, Martin Lambert, Karl Wegscheider, Antonia Zapf, Silke Wiegand-Grefe","doi":"10.1186/s13034-026-01174-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13034-026-01174-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Children of mentally ill parents (CHIMPS) experience a variety of negative outcomes and have an increased risk for mental illness. Nevertheless, no routine screenings or therapies for CHIMPS exist in the German healthcare system. The CHIMPS program was developed as a psychodynamic, transdiagnostic family intervention for affected children and adolescents (CA). Its effectiveness on mental health and health-related quality of life was evaluated in a prospective, two-arm, cluster-randomized, controlled, open, multicentric trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from families with mentally ill parents were collected at seven sites in Germany and Switzerland at four measurement points. Group allocation was randomized. The intervention group (IG) received the CHIMPS intervention, while the control group (CG) received Treatment-As-Usual. The primary outcome was the mental health of CA with an initial psychiatric diagnosis according to the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children, Lifetime Version (applied by blinded external raters) 18 months after baseline. Secondary outcomes comprised mental health assessed with the parent-rated Child Behavior Checklist and the self-rated Youth Self Report, and health-related quality of life assessed with the KIDSCREEN-27 (parent- and self-rated). Multilevel models were used for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two hundred fifteen families (109 in IG, 106 in CG) were included in the trial. Data from 43 CA in both the IG and CG were used in the primary analysis. An odds ratio of 0.52 (95% CI: 0.25; 1.09) indicated a statistically not significant advantage of the IG over the CG. No clinically relevant advantage of the IG in any secondary outcome was found.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The CHIMPS program will be revised to provide families with more needs-based assistance. A diagnostic evaluation, which was delivered to both IG and CG families, may have had a therapeutic effect. Future trials should place particular emphasis on improving accessibility and adherence among CHIMPS and their families, as the target group proved difficult to reach and retain. Above all, interdisciplinary structures that enable CHIMPS and their families to receive low-threshold care must be created.</p><p><strong>Clinicaltrials: </strong>gov NCT0230846 (December 4, 2014). German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00006806 (October 7, 2014).</p>","PeriodicalId":9934,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149058948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Academic achievement and socio-demographic differences in ADHD diagnosis: a population-based study of Swedish compulsory school pupils.","authors":"Björn Högberg","doi":"10.1186/s13034-026-01176-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13034-026-01176-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is more commonly diagnosed among boys, children with lower socio-economic status (SES), and native-born compared with immigrant children. ADHD can strongly impair academic achievement, and impaired academic functioning can also trigger diagnostic referral. The aim of this paper was to investigate how socio-demographic differences in ADHD diagnosis change when differences in academic achievement are taken into account.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Population-based cross-sectional study using linked national registers, comprising 296,380 pupils graduating from Swedish compulsory school (grade 9, age 16) between 2015 and 2017. ADHD was defined using specialist diagnoses and dispensed ADHD medication. Academic achievement was measured by compulsory school-leaving grades. Logistic regression models were estimated with and without adjustment for achievement, and estimates were transformed into marginal effects and predicted probabilities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Before adjustment for achievement, boys had a higher probability of ADHD diagnosis than girls, pupils with tertiary-educated parents had a lower probability than those with compulsory-educated parents, and immigrant pupils had substantially lower probability than native pupils. Adjustment for achievement reduced the gender gap by approximately two thirds, reversed the SES gradient such that pupils with tertiary-educated parents had the highest probability, and slightly widened the native-immigrant gap. When accounting for differential timing of diagnosis, the gender gap even reversed, with a higher probability among girls than among boys.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings underscore the need to consider academic achievement when interpreting socio-demographic patterns in ADHD diagnosis, and suggest that some groups may face barriers to diagnosis even when their level of academic impairment is comparable to that of more frequently diagnosed groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":9934,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13613661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149058935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trauma and suicidality in adolescents with substance use disorders.","authors":"Mira Vasileva, Sören Kuitunen-Paul, Veit Roessner, Evgenii Shvedovskii, Vera Clemens, Jörg M Fegert, Yulia Golub","doi":"10.1186/s13034-026-01165-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13034-026-01165-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Substance use and traumatic experiences have been identified as risk factors for suicidal ideation and behavior in community samples. The aim of this study was to explore these associations in a clinical sample of adolescents with substance use disorder (SUD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sample included N = 342 adolescents aged 12 to 19 years from a specialized SUD outpatient unit. They reported on their substance use, trauma history, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, and life satisfaction either in a structured clinical interview or standardized questionnaires; they also completed a task assessing inhibitory control. These variables were compared for adolescents with and without suicidal ideation or behavior. Classification and Regression Trees (CART) models were developed to describe subgroups of participants.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Overall, 34.2% of adolescent SUD outpatients reported suicidal ideation in the last two weeks and 26.0% fulfilled the criteria for suicidal behavior disorder in the last two years according to DSM-5. Female gender (OR = 2.88 and OR = 4.30) and sexual abuse (OR = 4.55 and OR = 5.33) were associated with higher odds of both suicidal ideation and behavior, respectively. Adolescents with suicidal ideation or behavior had significantly more severe SUD-related problems (d = -0.46 and d = -0.36), symptoms of PTSD (d = -1.38 and d = -1.04) and of depression (d= -1.77 and d = - 0.89) and lower life satisfaction (d = 0.98 and d = 0.81). The CART models identified symptoms of depression and PTSD as the variables that best distinguished participant subgroups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results indicate high rates of suicidal ideation and behavior in adolescents with SUD and underline the importance of assessing trauma when identifying and preventing suicidality in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":9934,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13548469/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148900312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of body image components, including attentional bias and body appraisal, in adolescents with anorexia nervosa or depression, and non-clinical controls.","authors":"Inken Kirschbaum-Lesch, Anne Radix, Laura Mokros, Anca Sfärlea, Belinda Platt, Gerd Schulte-Körne, Eni S Becker, Martin Holtmann, Tanja Legenbauer","doi":"10.1186/s13034-026-01160-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13034-026-01160-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Body image disturbance (BID) is increasingly recognized as a transdiagnostic factor. Beyond its established role in anorexia nervosa (AN), specific components of BID are also associated with the development and maintenance of psychopathology in adolescent Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). However, measurements of different body image components (perceptual, affective, cognitive, and behavioral)-especially objective behavioral measures-remain scarce; the assessment of attentional biases (AB) represents a promising tool to fill this gap.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the present study, two clinical groups of adolescent inpatients (MDD: n = 28; AN: n = 34) and non-clinical controls (NCC: n = 39; aged 13-19 years) completed a body-related Stroop task and a free-viewing task including a body appraisal. Participants also completed questionnaires assessing shape concerns, social appearance anxiety, body checking, avoidance, and reassurance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The AN and the NCC groups revealed a significant body-related AB, whereas the MDD group did not. Regarding body appraisal, the clinical groups rated their bodies more negatively than the NCC group. On shape concerns, anxiety, and body avoidance/checking, the AN group showed elevated scores compared to the MDD group. Notably, the NCC only differed significantly from the AN group regarding shape concerns.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The three groups exhibited distinct BID profiles, identifying pathological body appraisal as a transdiagnostic feature that suggests body dissatisfaction interventions could also mitigate adolescent depressive symptoms. Furthermore, the lack of behavioral differences between healthy adolescents and the AN group underscores the need for early prevention targeting checking and avoidance to prevent the progression into clinical eating disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":9934,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13508323/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148825696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"When the safe place is not safe\": therapists' perspectives on implementing TF-CBT during the war in Ukraine.","authors":"Maike Garbade, Mariia Hrynova, Cedric Sachser, Elisa Pfeiffer","doi":"10.1186/s13034-026-01142-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13034-026-01142-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Since the beginning of the Russian war against Ukraine in 2022, various evidence-based trauma-focused therapies have been implemented in a region that was previously structurally underserved. Despite the high demand for psychotherapeutic care, little is known about the practical implementation of these therapies under conditions of war. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the experiences of Ukrainian therapists in delivering Trauma-focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) for children and adolescents during the war and to identify benefits, specific challenges and necessary adaptations.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In April 2023, three focus groups were conducted with a total of seven Ukrainian therapists who were part of the \"TF-CBT Ukraine\" project. The focus groups were transcribed, translated into English, and analyzed using qualitative content analysis with MAXQDA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All participants had already initiated or successfully completed TF-CBT treatments and reported positive therapeutic experiences underscoring the acceptability and perceived benefit of the intervention under highly adverse conditions. At the same time, a range of challenges was identified, including an unstable security situation, unreliable internet connections, frequent relocation of clients, and difficulties in working with parents. Therapists discuss possible reasons for this, like the parents' own psychological burden or the limited mental health literacy within the general population. Therapists described specific adaptations in their therapeutic practice to address these challenges, including adjustments to pacing, and enhanced efforts in psychoeducation and stabilization.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings indicate therapists perceive TF-CBT as generally feasible under conditions of war, highlighting its robustness as an evidence-based intervention in humanitarian settings. However, the results also emphasize the necessity of context-specific adaptations to address ongoing instability, structural barriers, and sociocultural factors. Beyond the Ukrainian context, these findings provide valuable implications for the implementation and scaling of trauma-focused interventions in other war- and crisis-affected regions. They further underscore the importance of sustained training, supervision, and support for therapists to ensure treatment fidelity, as well as the need to integrate mental health literacy initiatives at the community level to maximize both effectiveness and long-term sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":9934,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13508406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148825659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender-affirming psychiatry: a minority stress and phenomenological framework for child and adolescent mental health.","authors":"Jamie D Agapoff, E Diane Stapleton, Gerrit van Schalkwyk","doi":"10.1186/s13034-026-01147-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13034-026-01147-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This perspective article introduces Gender Affirming Psychiatry (GAP), a conceptual framework that integrates queer phenomenology, the gender minority stress model, and gender-affirming care to guide psychiatric assessment, formulation, and treatment of transgender and gender diverse (TGD) youth. This approach acknowledges the cultural and institutional structures that negatively impact the mental health of gender diverse youth, while leveraging resilience, community connection, and support structures that are known to improve mental health outcomes. In this time of greater awareness and increased scrutiny, GAP is a practical, person-centered approach that is clinically sound and ethically grounded.</p>","PeriodicalId":9934,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13453086/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148697243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental trajectories and dynamic associations between loneliness and non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents: the longitudinal mediating role of mobile phone dependence.","authors":"Shiyuan Zhang, Jianhua Zhang, Chuqi Yan, Tiancheng Zhang, Fulan Zhang, Haiyang Xie","doi":"10.1186/s13034-026-01143-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13034-026-01143-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to examine the developmental trajectories and longitudinal associations among loneliness, non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), and mobile phone dependence in adolescents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A three-wave longitudinal survey was conducted over three years, with approximately 12-month intervals. A total of 941 first-year junior high school students completed the Adolescent Non-suicidal Self-injury Assessment Questionnaire (ANSAQ), the UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-20), and the Mobile Phone Dependence Index (MPAI). Latent growth modeling (LGM), cross-lagged panel models (CLPM), and competing model comparisons were applied to analyze the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LGM indicated a significant decline in adolescents' loneliness over time (slope = - 0.32, p < 0.05), whereas the trajectory of NSSI remained relatively stable. Cross-lagged analyses revealed reciprocal longitudinal associations between loneliness and NSSI (T1 loneliness → T2 NSSI: β = 0.150, p < 0.001; T1 NSSI → T2 loneliness: β = 0.162, p < 0.001). The findings further suggested significant longitudinal associations among loneliness, mobile phone dependence, and NSSI. Mobile phone dependence was also longitudinally associated with the relationship between loneliness and NSSI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Loneliness and NSSI were reciprocally associated across adolescence. Mobile phone dependence may be longitudinally linked with this relationship, highlighting the importance of considering adolescents' digital media use alongside emotional experiences when developing prevention and intervention strategies for adolescent psychological adjustment and self-injurious behaviors.</p>","PeriodicalId":9934,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13551702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148910982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of intelligence in PTSD treatment outcomes: evidence from a multicenter TF-CBT trial with youth.","authors":"Sabrina Berardi, Hanna Christiansen, Sebastian Deutscher, David Daniel Ebert, Rebekka Eilers, Katharina Gossmann, Anne Grass, Lena Jaworski, Johanna Kneidinger, Rita Rosner, Katharina Szota, Anna-Carlotta Zarski, Regina Steil","doi":"10.1186/s13034-026-01149-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13034-026-01149-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cognitive ability has been linked to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) vulnerability and may influence trauma-focused treatment response, yet its role in youth Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) outcomes remains unclear. Clarifying this issue is relevant for equitable access to evidence-based care. We examined whether formally assessed IQ was associated with PTSD symptom change from pre- to post-treatment based on youth and caregiver reports and with treatment dropout in children and adolescents undergoing TF-CBT after abuse or neglect.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Data came from N = 320 youth aged 5-21 years from a randomized clinical effectiveness trial. Intelligence quotient (IQ) was assessed with standardized tests, PTSD symptoms with the Child and Adolescent Trauma Screen (CATS-2), and dropout was defined as not completing therapy as intended. Symptom change was calculated as post- (T1) minus pre-treatment (T0) and evaluated separately for youth and caregiver reports. Regression models included age, gender, baseline PTSD severity, and treatment satisfaction assessed after treatment as an additional model variable.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean IQ was M = 97.41 (SD = 13.19, range = 51-138). PTSD severity was high at baseline (M = 34.21, SD = 8.09) and decreased substantially (ΔCATS-2_{T1 ₋ T0} youth report: M = -17.54, SD = 12.34; Cohen's d paired = 1.42). IQ showed small but significant negative correlations with symptom change in youth reports (r = -.14, p = .040) and caregiver reports (r = -.17, p = .018), indicating greater symptom reductions at higher IQ. In regressions, IQ was not a significant predictor in the youth-report model (β = -.10, p = .077), while a small effect remained in the caregiver-report model (β = -.15, p = .011). Baseline PTSD severity and post-treatment satisfaction showed more consistent associations with symptom reduction. Dropout was 29.1%. IQ neither differed between completers and dropouts nor was associated with dropout in logistic regression (OR = 0.99, p = .536), whereas higher post-treatment satisfaction was associated with lower dropout risk.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>TF-CBT was associated with substantial symptom reductions across the observed IQ range, suggesting its suitability for routine care without excluding youth solely on the basis of cognitive ability. Baseline severity and treatment satisfaction at post-treatment showed stronger associations with symptom change and dropout than IQ. Trial registration The BESTFORCAN study was registered in the German Clinical Trial Registry (DRKS00020516) on 12 February 2020.</p>","PeriodicalId":9934,"journal":{"name":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13453091/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148697178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}