Chemistry & Biodiversity最新文献_第2页

Functionalized Pyrazole: Synthesis, DFT Calculation, Molecular Docking Studies & Insecticidal Evaluation of Some New Pyrazole Derivatives against the Cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.).

IF 2.3 3区化学

Chemistry & Biodiversity Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202403450

Rania Ali El Hadi Mohamed, Nawal Al-Hoshani, Ali M Drar, Ahmed Khodairy, Aly Abdou, Omar M El-Hady, Moustafa M S Bakry, Mohamed Ahmed Gad

{"title":"Functionalized Pyrazole: Synthesis, DFT Calculation, Molecular Docking Studies & Insecticidal Evaluation of Some New Pyrazole Derivatives against the Cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.).","authors":"Rania Ali El Hadi Mohamed, Nawal Al-Hoshani, Ali M Drar, Ahmed Khodairy, Aly Abdou, Omar M El-Hady, Moustafa M S Bakry, Mohamed Ahmed Gad","doi":"10.1002/cbdv.202403450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202403450","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main forces motivating the creation of innovative insecticidal active agents is the exponential rise in resistance to traditional chemical pesticides. Examining new classes of insecticidal compounds with distinct modes of action is one way to meet this problem. Thus, novel pyrazole derivatives 1-6 has been synthesized via one-pot, three-component reaction of cyanoguanidine with various aldehydes and 3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5(4H)-one in presence of sodium methoxide as a catalyst. Under laboratory circumstances all synthesized compound were tested as insecticidal agents, due to their chemical structures have the active center of phenylpyrazole insecticides. Bioassay experiments were carried out against second and fourth larvae of Spodoptera littoralis. When compared to other synthetic target compounds, [4-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1,4,5,7-tetra-hydro-6H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-ylidene] cyanamide 2 showed good insecticidal activity, with 0.553 mg/L for 2nd instar larvae and LC50 values of 1.28 mg/L for 4th instar larvae. DFT optimization of the synthesized compounds using the B3LYP/6-311G revealed their electronic properties, highlighting key factors such as HOMO, LUMO energies, and the energy gap, which are crucial in predicting chemical reactivity and biological potential. Molecular docking studies against the 6HUP protein further confirmed compound 5's superior binding affinity, suggesting its strong inhibitory effect on ion channels, potentially making it a powerful insecticidal agent.","PeriodicalId":9878,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry & Biodiversity","volume":" ","pages":"e202403450"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles from Withania coagulans (Indian rennet) against bacterial pathogens of broiler chicken.

IF 2.3 3区化学

Chemistry & Biodiversity Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202402839

Qurat-Ul-Ain Ahmad, Farzeen Shafique, Nimra Afzal, Ishrat Perveen, Nazia Koser, Turki M Dawoud, Maria Fareed Siddiqui, Sumbal Nazir, Fatima Iftikhar Shah, Syed Muhammad Aun, Mohammed Bourhia, Beenish Zahid, Hina Younis

{"title":"Antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles from Withania coagulans (Indian rennet) against bacterial pathogens of broiler chicken.","authors":"Qurat-Ul-Ain Ahmad, Farzeen Shafique, Nimra Afzal, Ishrat Perveen, Nazia Koser, Turki M Dawoud, Maria Fareed Siddiqui, Sumbal Nazir, Fatima Iftikhar Shah, Syed Muhammad Aun, Mohammed Bourhia, Beenish Zahid, Hina Younis","doi":"10.1002/cbdv.202402839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202402839","url":null,"abstract":"The rise of multidrug resistance (MDR) in pathogens presents a significant challenge to global health, particularly in poultry industries. This study explores antibacterial efficacy of silver nanoparticles (WcAgNPs) synthesized from Withania coagulans fruit extract against MDR Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli. Phytochemical analysis of the fruit extract revealed a rich profile, including tannins, phenols, steroids and terpenoids. Central composite design and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) were utilized to optimize synthesis parameters at pH 9, temperature 60°C, incubation for 24 hours, wavelength 400 nm, and silver nitrate concentration of 3mM. Characterization of WcAgNPs through FTIR, Zeta sizer, SEM, EDX, and XRD confirmed their spherical shape, crystalline structure, and average size of 232.8 nm with a high silver content of 95.64%. Antibacterial tests showed significant inhibition, with zones of 26 mm against Salmonella sp. and 37 mm against E. coli. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were 0.04 mg/µL for Salmonella sp. and 0.002 mg/µL for E. coli. These findings highlight WcAgNPs as a promising therapeutic agent for controlling poultry infections. Future research should focus on in-vivo trials to confirm their safety and efficacy. Successful application of WcAgNPs could revolutionize poultry health management, providing effective alternatives to traditional antibiotics and advancing sustainable farming practices.","PeriodicalId":9878,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry & Biodiversity","volume":" ","pages":"e202402839"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Anti-inflammatory activity and chemical composition of Sphaerocoryne affinis fruit in Phu Quoc island.

IF 2.3 3区化学

Chemistry & Biodiversity Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202500267

Nguyen Trong Tuan, Yen Huynh Kim, Thanh Nguyen, Tran Truong Thi Tu

{"title":"Anti-inflammatory activity and chemical composition of Sphaerocoryne affinis fruit in Phu Quoc island.","authors":"Nguyen Trong Tuan, Yen Huynh Kim, Thanh Nguyen, Tran Truong Thi Tu","doi":"10.1002/cbdv.202500267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202500267","url":null,"abstract":"Sphaerocoryne affinis is traditionally utilized in Vietnam for the production of alcoholic beverages. This study represented the first comprehensive investigation into the phytochemical profile and anti-inflammatory properties of S. affinis fruit. Using the RAW264.7 macrophage model stimulated by LPS, this study demonstrated the anti-inflammatory potential of S. affinis fruit ethanol extract, primarily through NO inhibition. The results revealed that ethyl acetate fration exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on both NO radicals and NO production. Furthermore, thirteen compounds were successfully isolated, including chrysin (1), (5Z,7R)-acetyl melodorinol (2), daucosterol (3), pinocembrin (4), naringenin (5), melodorinol (6), (4Z)-5-(2,3-dihydroxy-propylidene)-5H-furan-2-one (7), (-)-malic acid (8), (E)-3-(furan-2-yl)acrylic acid (9), p-coumaric acid (10), caffeic acid (11), cholorogenic acid (12), 5-O-(E)-p-coumaroylquinic acid methyl ester (13). Among these, seven compounds (5, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 13) were identified for the first time in this species, offering significant insight into its phytochemical profile and therapeutic potential.","PeriodicalId":9878,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry & Biodiversity","volume":" ","pages":"e202500267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phytochemistry, Traditional Uses, Pharmacology, Nutritional Composition and Agrotechnology of Underutilized Wild Fruit Plant Carissa carandas L.

IF 2.3 3区化学

Chemistry & Biodiversity Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202402193

Sakshi Thakur, Deepika Kathuria, Garima Bhardwaj, Ravjit Kaur, Ajay Sharma

{"title":"Phytochemistry, Traditional Uses, Pharmacology, Nutritional Composition and Agrotechnology of Underutilized Wild Fruit Plant Carissa carandas L.","authors":"Sakshi Thakur, Deepika Kathuria, Garima Bhardwaj, Ravjit Kaur, Ajay Sharma","doi":"10.1002/cbdv.202402193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202402193","url":null,"abstract":"Carissa carandas L., (C. carandas) an indigenous Indian medicinal wild fruit plant, demonstrates remarkable resilience in dry and barren environments. The plant hold significance in traditional medicinal practices among various Indian tribes and mainstream systems like Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy. In addition, distinct parts of plant are commonly processed into decoctions, utilized in treating a range of ailments such as dysentery, fever, and cold and exhibit various other ethnopharmacological applications. The medicinal attributes of C. carandas have spurred research into its phytochemistry, revealing the presence of various secondary metabolites such as phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, and triterpenoids. These components play a significant role in the plant's medicinal advantages and are linked to various pharmacological actions, including antidiabetic, antioxidant, antibacterial, cardiovascular, anticancer properties, etc. Owing to its noteworthy ethnopharmacological and therapeutic importance, this review seeks to briefly outline the traditional uses, phytochemistry, nutritional composition, pharmacology and agrotechnological aspects of this less explored, and underutilized plant.","PeriodicalId":9878,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry & Biodiversity","volume":" ","pages":"e202402193"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Pharmacological Evaluations of Novel Pyrimidine Derivatives.

IF 2.3 3区化学

Chemistry & Biodiversity Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202500477

Hemat Khalaf, Amina A Abd El-Gwaad, Ahmed F El-Sayed, Hassan M Awad, Ahmed A Fayed

{"title":"Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Pharmacological Evaluations of Novel Pyrimidine Derivatives.","authors":"Hemat Khalaf, Amina A Abd El-Gwaad, Ahmed F El-Sayed, Hassan M Awad, Ahmed A Fayed","doi":"10.1002/cbdv.202500477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202500477","url":null,"abstract":"This study synthesized a new of poly-fused pyrimidine derivatives 2-9 and examined their biological activity as antioxidants and antimicrobials. The molecular structures of the new derivatives were determined by elemental analysis and a variety of spectroscopic methods. Activity against bacterial (E. coli, B. subtilis) and fungal (Aspergillus niger, C. albicans) pathogens was demonstrated by in vitro antimicrobial testing, indicating broad-spectrum potential. Their ability to reduce oxidative stress was further demonstrated by antioxidant profiling using DPPH radical scavenging tests. Strong binding affinities with important microbial enzymes were demonstrated by molecular docking experiments, which supported these findings and were consistent with their observed inhibitory effects. Drug-likeness and complementary in silico ADMET tests verified adherence to Lipinski's guidelines, indicating appropriateness for oral administration. In comparison to reference controls, a few of the synthesized compounds exhibited good pharmacological activity. Pharmacological activities, spectroscopic studies, and a thorough synthesis were all reported.","PeriodicalId":9878,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry & Biodiversity","volume":" ","pages":"e202500477"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diterpenes and New Antifungal Epimers Derived from Grindelia puberula Hook & Arn. In Vitro and In Silico Studies.

IF 2.3 3区化学

Chemistry & Biodiversity Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202500121

María de Los Ángeles Mesurado, Rosana I Misico, María Lucrecia Arias Cassará, Juan Marcelo Arias, Alicia Bardón, Elena Cartagena

{"title":"Diterpenes and New Antifungal Epimers Derived from Grindelia puberula Hook & Arn. In Vitro and In Silico Studies.","authors":"María de Los Ángeles Mesurado, Rosana I Misico, María Lucrecia Arias Cassará, Juan Marcelo Arias, Alicia Bardón, Elena Cartagena","doi":"10.1002/cbdv.202500121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202500121","url":null,"abstract":"Two new labdane diterpenes, (4S,5R,10S,13S)-19-acetoxy-7-oxo-labd-8(9)-en-15-oic acid-15-methyl ester (1) and (4R,5R,10S,13S)-19-acetoxy-7-oxo-labd-8(9)-en-15-oic acid-15-methyl ester (2), along with two methyl ester derivatives of the known acid compounds, (4R,5S,9S,10R,13S)-ent-7-labden-17-acetoxy-18-hydroxy-15-oic acid (3) and (3R,5S,9S,10S,13S)-ent-7-labden-17-acetoxy-3-α-hydroxy-15-oic acid (4), were obtained from Grindelia puberula Hook & Arn, collected in northern Argentina. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated based on 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and circular dichroism analysis. The CHCl3 sub-extract obtained from the aerial parts of this species, along with the pure compounds, were evaluated for antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea, a widespread necrotrophic fungal pathogen responsible for significant economic losses worldwide. Among the tested compounds, 2 (IC50 = 27.7 ± 3.8 µg/mL) exhibited the highest antifungal activity, demonstrating greater efficacy compared to its C-4 epimer. Furthermore, an in silico structure-activity relationship (SAR) study was conducted. Molecular docking simulations revealed that compound 2 displayed the highest binding affinity to the B. cinerea cytochrome b complex (-9.62 Kcal/mol), a key target in antifungal therapy.","PeriodicalId":9878,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry & Biodiversity","volume":" ","pages":"e202500121"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biodegradation of Juglone by Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis, The Causal Agent of Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Bacterial Blight.

IF 2.3 3区化学

Chemistry & Biodiversity Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202403299

Marco Scortichini, Antonio Fiorentino, Elvira Ferrara, Milena Petriccione, Brigida D'Abrosca

引用次数: 0

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of New Substituted 5-Aryl-Oxadiazole-Based Derivatives as Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors.

IF 2.3 3区化学

Chemistry & Biodiversity Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202500775

Maryam Abbasi, Behjat Pouramiri, Elahe Hadadianpour

引用次数: 0

UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS Analysis, Antioxidant, Antiarthritic Potentials and Molecular Docking of Clusia rosea Jacq. Cultivated In Egypt.

IF 2.3 3区化学

Chemistry & Biodiversity Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202403405

Fatma Hassan, Azza R Abdel Monem, Rehab M S Ashour, Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy, Marwa Mostafa Abdel-Aziz, Ali M Elsayed

{"title":"UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS Analysis, Antioxidant, Antiarthritic Potentials and Molecular Docking of Clusia rosea Jacq. Cultivated In Egypt.","authors":"Fatma Hassan, Azza R Abdel Monem, Rehab M S Ashour, Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy, Marwa Mostafa Abdel-Aziz, Ali M Elsayed","doi":"10.1002/cbdv.202403405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202403405","url":null,"abstract":"Clusiaceae comprises many biologically active plants. Among them, Clusia rosea Jacq. which possess antibacterial and anti-HIV activities. In this study, the phytochemical constituents of Clusia rosea leaves methanolic extract was profiled using UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. total phenolics and flavonoids content were determined. The antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract and its fractions were evaluated by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. Also, the antiarthritic activity was evaluated using protein denaturation, membrane stabilization and xanthine oxidase inhibitory assays. UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS resulted in identification of fifty-six compounds belonging to phenolic acids, flavonoids, biflavonoids, benzophenones, xanthones, fatty acids and triterpenes. Total phenolics content recorded 35.23±1.60 mg GAE/g extract. Total flavonoids content was 9.77±0.48 mg RE/g. n-butanol fraction was the most potent fraction as antioxidant followed by ethyl acetate fraction. While, ethyl acetate exhibited the most potent antiarthritic effect in the three assays. Moreover, two molecular docking processes were performed to investigate the inhibitory potential of the identified compounds from Clusia rosea leaves methanolic extract towards COX-2 and cytochrome C peroxidase target receptors. The results revealed the diversity of phytoconstituents present in the leaves of C. rosea and its importance as antioxidant and antiarthritic natural remedy. Keywords Clusia rosea • UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS • Antioxidant • Antiarthritic • Molecular docking.","PeriodicalId":9878,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry & Biodiversity","volume":" ","pages":"e202403405"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

LC-DAD-MSn and HR-LC-QTOF analysis of Ziziphus budhensis leaves and evaluation of their in vitro and in vivo biological activities.

IF 2.3 3区化学

Chemistry & Biodiversity Pub Date : 2025-04-07 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202402835

Samjhana Bharati, Binita Maharjan, Timila Shrestha, Shyam Sharan Shrestha, Stefania Sut, Hari Prasad Devkota, Ram Lal Swagat Shrestha, Stefano Dall'Acqua

{"title":"LC-DAD-MSn and HR-LC-QTOF analysis of Ziziphus budhensis leaves and evaluation of their in vitro and in vivo biological activities.","authors":"Samjhana Bharati, Binita Maharjan, Timila Shrestha, Shyam Sharan Shrestha, Stefania Sut, Hari Prasad Devkota, Ram Lal Swagat Shrestha, Stefano Dall'Acqua","doi":"10.1002/cbdv.202402835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.202402835","url":null,"abstract":"Ziziphus budhensis is a species described in 2015 in Nepal poorly studied for its phytochemical composition and possible bioactivities. In this study, six extracts were obtained from Z. budhensis leaves using ultrasound assisted extraction with solvents in increasing polarity. The phytochemical contents, along with the antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal capabilities, were evaluated.. Chemical composition was studied combining LC-DAD-MSn and LC-HR-MS-QTOF. Fourty-six secondary metabolites belonging to the classes of phenolics, benzyl-isoquinolinic alkaloids, cyclopeptide alkaloids, triterpene aglycone and saponins were identified. Quercetin 3-O-β-neohesperidoside (179.63 mg/g), quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (123.20 mg/g), and quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (116.62 mg/g) were the most abundant in the methanol extract while quercetin 3-O-β-neohesperidoside (236.06 mg/g), medicagenic acid (192.80 mg/g) were the most abundant in acetone extract and oleanolic acid (163.14 mg/g) was the most abundant in dichloromethane extract. Extracts were tested against gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus), gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae), and Candida albicans. Brine Shrimp Lethality Test was used to evaluate the toxicity of the Z. budhensis leaves extracts. In vivo acute oral toxicity tests on mice was performed on extracts and showed no toxic effects. The findings of this study advocate for further in-depth research into the use of Z. budhensis leaves for medicinal purposes.","PeriodicalId":9878,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry & Biodiversity","volume":" ","pages":"e202402835"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0