Fakang Yang , Jianhui Liu , Hengrui Jia , Zheng Chen , Leping Liu , Junmin Zhu , Shanwu Li , Chuanglin Lai , Caijun Shi
{"title":"Corrosion mechanism of alkali-activated slag/metakaolin materials under carbonic acid solution","authors":"Fakang Yang , Jianhui Liu , Hengrui Jia , Zheng Chen , Leping Liu , Junmin Zhu , Shanwu Li , Chuanglin Lai , Caijun Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For promoting the application of alkali-activated slag/metakaolin (AASM) materials in karst areas, it is crucial to understand the corrosion properties of AASM materials in carbonic acid solutions. This paper systematically investigates the evolution of mechanical properties, phase composition, and microstructure of AASM materials in carbonic acid solution environments. The research results indicate that the corrosion mechanism of AASM in carbonic acid solution environments can be summarized as four stages: the dissolution stage, the C-(N)-A-S-H gel decalcification and calcium carbonate formation stage, the further corrosion of calcium carbonate stage, and the slow corrosion stage. Depending on the degree of Ca<sup>2+</sup> leaching, the corrosion layers can be divided from the outermost to the innermost layers into the gel layer, the carbonation layer, and the un-corrosion layer. In carbonic acid solution environments, significant leaching of Na<sup>+</sup> and OH<sup>−</sup> occurs in pore solution, which hinders the development of strength. Additionally, the diffusion of CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup> and HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> ions dissolved in water into the C-(N)-A-S-H gel, which react with the gel to form calcium carbonate, leads to gel decomposition. Moreover, the generated calcium carbonate is further corrosion into soluble calcium bicarbonate, resulting in substantial leaching of Ca<sup>2+</sup>, deterioration of pore structure, and increased aggregation degree of C-(N)-A-S-H gel structure. As the MK content increases, the calcium content in the system decreases, leading to a higher crosslinking degree and enhanced resistance of the C-(N)-A-S-H gel to carbonic acid solution corrosion, thereby reducing the corrosion rate of AASM materials. The research results provide new insights into the application of AASM materials in karst areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 105779"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142370078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhaoping Song , Shaohua Li , Lulu Cheng , Qingliang Yu
{"title":"Investigation of the dynamic mechanical response of corroded ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) with initial defects","authors":"Zhaoping Song , Shaohua Li , Lulu Cheng , Qingliang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study addresses the dynamic mechanical response of the corroded ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) with initial defects, considering the possibility of corrosion deterioration induced by various pre-existing cracks during the long-term service life. For this purpose, an integrated accelerated corrosion method and Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB)/high-speed camera etc. techniques are employed. Results show that increasing pre-impacting damage promotes the crack density and maximum width by 32.4%–62.3 % and 1.11–1.8 times, respectively. In terms of mechanical properties, coupling damages of initial defects and corrosion have adverse effects on the dynamic mechanical response. Typical fib Model Code 2010 applies to predict the DIF evolution of the corroded UHPFRC with initial defects. Numerous shear cracks are created at an angle along the weak interface as the corroded specimens with initial defects are again subjected to axial loading, revealing the associated failure mechanism. These results shed light on the dynamic response of corroded UHPFRC containing various initial defects and the failure mechanism gives some reference to service status evaluation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 105780"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142370112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zheng Chen , Ben Chen , Yunchao Tang , Guoxin Zhao , Zichao Pang , Caijun Shi
{"title":"Innovative strategies for time-release PCE design and cement paste flowability control","authors":"Zheng Chen , Ben Chen , Yunchao Tang , Guoxin Zhao , Zichao Pang , Caijun Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extending the retention time of cement paste flowability with the addition of admixtures containing slow-release components is standard practice for ensuring the continued building quality of cement-based materials. This study aims to control the release rate of PCE and enhance its time-varying dispersion effect in fresh cement paste by utilizing Time-dependent Release PCEs (TRPCEs) with varying side-chain structures. The structural characterization of the synthesized TRPCEs was investigated using GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), and <sup>1</sup>H NMR (Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) techniques. Furthermore, experiments were carried out on time-varying flowability with different dosages of TRPCEs to investigate the flowability changes under the time-varying release effect. The influence of TRPCEs on cement hydration was examined using isothermal calorimetry by measuring the early hydration heat of cement paste. The time-dependent adsorption behaviors of TRPCEs were also examined using a TOC (Total Organic Carbon) analyzer. The findings show that TRPCEs have a minor effect on the cement hydration process's rapid reaction period but little effect on its induction and acceleration periods because of variations in the initial dispersion effect. Additionally, the adsorption behaviors of TRPCEs on cement particles vary significantly due to the hydrolysis of slow-release groups. The varying adsorption and consumption of TRPCEs on cement particles and hydration products in different hydration phases are key controlling factors for the time-varying flowability changes in cement paste. Finally, this innovative approach offers a novel perspective for designing and preparing new types of PCEs with a strong capability for time-varying flowability retention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 105785"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142370077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuguang Mao , Xiang Hu , Ubagaram Johnson Alengaram , Wei Chen , Caijun Shi
{"title":"Use of carbonated recycled cement paste powder as a new supplementary cementitious material: A critical review","authors":"Yuguang Mao , Xiang Hu , Ubagaram Johnson Alengaram , Wei Chen , Caijun Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105783","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105783","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper focused on reviewing and decoupling analysis the effects of carbonated recycled cement paste powder (RCPP) as a new supplementary cementitious material (SCM) on the mechanical properties, rheology, durability, and carbon sequestration capacity of cement-based materials according to the results in previous studies. The results suggest that that carbonated RCPP serves as an excellent SCM in enhancing the compressive strength of cement paste, mainly through increasing the filler effect and the chemical reaction of CaCO<sub>3</sub> with C<sub>3</sub>A. Extensive cement replacement with carbonated RCPP does not significantly reduce strength. However, when considering rheology and durability, particularly concerning steel corrosion, a 20–30 % cement replacement results in significant performance degradation due to the water absorption and the pozzolanic effect of silica gel, respectively. Furthermore, an increase in the carbonation products content (carbonation degree) can enhance the strength, but adversely affect rheological properties and corrosion resistance of reinforcement of cement-based material. Addressing this contradiction to synergistically enhance the various properties of cement-based material containing carbonated RCPP is the focus of future efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 105783"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142370080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Long Liang , Xilin Lu , Yao Ding , Jiangtao Yu , Victor C. Li , Kequan Yu
{"title":"High-modulus engineered cementitious composites: Design mechanism and performance characterization","authors":"Long Liang , Xilin Lu , Yao Ding , Jiangtao Yu , Victor C. Li , Kequan Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Engineered cementitious composites features with high tensile performance while relatively weak compressive stiffness. This study endeavors to address the inherent trade-off between tensile properties and elastic modulus in conventional Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC). Utilizing the distinctive characteristics of iron ore aggregates, known for their relatively stiff nature, smooth surface and rounded shape, an Iron Sand-based ECC (IS-ECC) emphasizing both high elastic modulus and ductility is formulated. Guided by micromechanical design theory and multiscale homogenization model, this study systematically explores the impacts of aggregate types, water-to-binder (<em>w/b</em>) ratios, sand-to-binder (<em>s/b</em>) ratios, and sand particle sizes on ECC properties. Compared with Quartz Sand-based ECC (QS-ECC), IS-ECC exhibits notably enhanced matrix fluidity and elastic modulus, reduced matrix toughness, and more robust strain-hardening behavior. The proposed three-level multiscale homogenization model accurately predicts the elastic modulus of ECC and provides insights into the underlying mechanism contributing to the enhanced elastic modulus of IS-ECC. With a resulting high elastic modulus of 33.3–48.6 GPa and superior tensile properties, IS-ECC holds promise for widespread applications in structural engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 105782"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142374169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paweł Lisowski, Daria Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka, Magdalena Osial, Kamil Bochenek, Piotr Denis, Michał A. Glinicki
{"title":"Power ultrasound-assisted enhancement of granulated blast furnace slag reactivity in cement paste","authors":"Paweł Lisowski, Daria Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka, Magdalena Osial, Kamil Bochenek, Piotr Denis, Michał A. Glinicki","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a first-time investigation into the impact of power ultrasound (PUS)-assisted preparation on the physicochemical and mechanical properties of cement-granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) composite pastes. Pastes containing deposited GFBS with varying particle size fractions, partially replacing Portland cement, were prepared using PUS (ultrasonic horn tip, 20 kHz, 700 W) in pulse mode in a vertical jacketed glass sonoreactor with closed-circuit cooling. Cement paste incorporating 20 wt.% GBFS as mass substitution with varying particle size fractions was characterized by several physicochemical techniques at different curing ages. Exploring the cement and GBFS interaction induced by PUS, the compressive and flexural strength, the elastic modulus and indentation hardness, the heat of hardening, the mineral composition of hydration products, and the specific surface area BET were evaluated for a curing time of up to 28 days. The grain size distribution of GFBS and the reaction mixture's pH were measured. Both mechanical properties, heat of hydration and nanoporosity exhibited strong sensitivity to PUS treatment. Sonofragmentation of GBFS particles (especially the 125–250 μm fraction) increased with increasing sonication time, resulting in a relative increase of fraction <63 μm and a decrease of fraction >125 μm by 275 % and 60 %, respectively. Using the obtained SEM-EDS data, a simplified mechanism is proposed to explain the effects induced by PUS treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 105781"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142370079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rongzhen Piao , Zhengri Cui , Taekgeun Oh , Soonho Kim , Jae-Weon Jeong , Doo-Yeol Yoo
{"title":"Synergistic effect of nickel and graphite powders on the thermoelectric properties of ultra-high-performance concrete containing steel fibers and MWCNTs","authors":"Rongzhen Piao , Zhengri Cui , Taekgeun Oh , Soonho Kim , Jae-Weon Jeong , Doo-Yeol Yoo","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105778","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105778","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study investigates the influence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and conductive powders, namely nickel powder (NP) and graphite powder (GP), on the mechanical and thermoelectric properties of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC). Flowability tests indicate that the addition of MWCNTs and conductive powders affects the flow diameter, with higher concentrations resulting in decreased flowability. Thermalgravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy reveal that the enhancement of the hydration reaction by 0.1 % MWCNTs in UHPC reaches saturation at this concentration. Pore structure analysis demonstrates a reduction in porosity and a denser structure upon the addition of 0.1 % MWCNTs. Mechanical tests indicate that the incorporation of 0.1 % MWCNTs enhances compressive and tensile strengths, whereas the introduction of 0.3 % MWCNTs diminishes the mechanical performance. Moreover, the electrical conductivity and thermoelectric effect are enhanced with the addition of MWCNTs and conductive powders. However, a decline in thermoelectric effect is observed when 0.3 % MWCNTs are added, although the conductivity remained high. The optimal thermoelectric performance is achieved with the combination of 0.3 % MWCNTs and 5 % NP, yielding a maximum power factor (PF) of 2148.2 μW/m·K<sup>2</sup> and a figure of merit (ZT) of 4.9 × 10⁻<sup>7</sup>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 105778"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142374170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuli Wang , Wanyu Zhang , Junjie Wang , Rong Huang , Guanghui Lou , Shuqiong Luo
{"title":"Effects of coarse aggregate size on thickness and micro-properties of ITZ and the mechanical properties of concrete","authors":"Yuli Wang , Wanyu Zhang , Junjie Wang , Rong Huang , Guanghui Lou , Shuqiong Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105777","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105777","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research delves into the impact of coarse aggregate particle size on the mechanical properties of concrete. Nano-indentation and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques were applied to characterize the micro-properties and thickness the Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ). The effect of coarse aggregate size on concrete's compressive strength (<em>σ</em><sub><em>c</em></sub>) and elastic modulus (<em>E</em>) and the relationship between the micro properties of the ITZ and the macro properties of concrete were discussed. In addition, Griffith's microcrack theory was adopted to explain related mechanisms. The relationship between the microscopic properties of the ITZ and the macroscopic properties of concrete was discussed. The results show that, in concrete with a low water cement-ratio w/c (0.3), thickness of ITZ increased with the coarse aggregate size and concrete properties decreased. While, in concrete with a higher w/c (0.4), there exists an optimum coarse aggregate size for the lowest thickness of ITZ and highest strength. Taking the ITZ as the initial crack in concrete failure, concrete properties can be linked to ITZ thickness from Griffith's microcrack theory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 105777"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142329782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Time-dependent rheological behavior of hydrating cement paste containing calcium carbonate whiskers","authors":"Wen Si , Xing Ming , Mingli Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this research, the action mechanism of aragonite calcium carbonate whiskers (CW) on the time-dependent rheological performance during early cement paste hydration are examined by combining rheometer, calorimetry, thermogravimetry (TG/DTG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and free water content test. Regarding time-dependent rheological properties, it is found that CW can improve the rheological parameters of cement paste and converse the fluidity behavior by means of morphological and chemical effects. Free water content and FT-IR results indicate that CW can absorb free water to retard rheological properties loss. In terms of early hydration of cement paste, new hydration products are generated due to the chemical effects of CW, which can be verified by XRD, DTG and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). And the increase in content of ettringite, Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub> and gel/space ratio induced by participation of CW can also be distinctly observed. After discussing the time-dependent rheological parameters and hydration characteristic parameters, it has been clarified that the primary factor contributing to the increase in time-dependent rheological parameters is the reduction in free water content. However, the incorporation of CW intensifies the cement hydration process, leading to the predominant influence of hydrated phase contents and particle size on the system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 105775"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142370081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huy Hoàng Nguyễn , Phương Hoàng Nguyễn , Quang-Hiếu Lương , Se-Eon Park , Youngsang Kim , Bang Yeon Lee
{"title":"Crack-healing of cost-effective engineered cementitious composites reinforced by recycled selvage fiber","authors":"Huy Hoàng Nguyễn , Phương Hoàng Nguyễn , Quang-Hiếu Lương , Se-Eon Park , Youngsang Kim , Bang Yeon Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2024.105776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents the first experimental investigation of the crack-healing behavior of recycled selvage fiber-reinforced engineered cementitious composites (RSF-ECCs). Fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), and crumb rubber powder were utilized to fabricate greener ECCs. RSF was used as main reinforcement; it contains polyethylene (PE), glass (GS), and PET fibers. For overall mechanical properties, RSF-ECC incorporating GGBS (ECC-S-RSF) obtained a compressive strength of over 80 MPa and a tensile strain capacity of over 10 %, values that are unprecedented in other recycled fiber-reinforced ECCs. Furthermore, the ECC-S-RSF showed the best cost efficiency among representative recycled and PE fiber-reinforced high-performance ECCs. In terms of the crack-healing performance, test results indicated that RSF-ECCs had excellent healing capacity in closing crack openings, and GGBS had a greater contribution to crack-healing than FA did. However, the stiffness and tensile restorations of RSF-ECCs were relatively modest compared to those of conventional ECCs. Calcium carbonate and C-S-H gel were dominant healing materials of RSF-ECCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 105776"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142329948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}