Cement & concrete composites最新文献

{"title":"Design of an iron-flake-modified ER@EC microcapsule for ultrasound-triggered self-healing in cementitious materials","authors":"Shujie Wang ,&nbsp;Zijian Song ,&nbsp;Hongqiang Chu ,&nbsp;Linhua Jiang ,&nbsp;Yunsheng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106270","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106270","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultrasound demonstrates significant potential for triggering microcapsules in cementitious materials. However, currently reported microcapsules with effective ultrasound responsiveness are limited to urea-formaldehyde (UF) ones. The UF-based microcapsules face critical limitations, including formaldehyde emissions and synthesis instability, with no viable alternatives specifically engineered for ultrasound triggering. To bridge this gap, we designed an innovative iron-flake-modified epoxy resin (ER)@ethyl cellulose (EC) microcapsule. Fundamental and functional characteristics of microcapsules were analyzed through SEM, FTIR, UV–VIS, and nano-indentation. Rheological properties of fresh cement pastes incorporating microcapsules were examined. Strength and durability repair tests were conducted to quantify the ultrasonic triggering efficiency. Additionally, the healing effectiveness was also evaluated through impermeability tests and MIP. Results showed that the incorporation of micro iron flakes successfully endowed the microcapsules with ultrasound responsiveness, along with enhanced sustained-release performance, micro-mechanical properties, and hydrophobicity. The novel microcapsules also demonstrated superior rheological regulation compared to unmodified ones. Moreover, ultrasonic triggering brought a severalfold improvement in both strength and durability repair of self-healing specimens compared to mechanical triggering. Impermeability tests and MIP further confirmed the superior efficiency of ultrasonic triggering on the iron-flake-modified ER@EC microcapsules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 106270"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144787580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel deep learning method for automated microcrack segmentation in cement-based materials","authors":"Xin-yu Mou ,&nbsp;Xuan Gao ,&nbsp;Jiuwen Bao ,&nbsp;Liang-yu Tong ,&nbsp;Qing-xiang Xiong ,&nbsp;Qing-feng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The presence of microcracks significantly degrades the mechanical and durability performance of cement-based materials. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images can clearly reveal microcracks, but the current mainstream microcrack segmentation methods are semi-automatic and limited to specific databases or conditions. To address these challenges, this study first constructed a microcrack dataset containing SEM images with various microcrack characteristics. Subsequently, a high-quality feature extraction and fusion network for microcrack segmentation (QF-Net) was proposed. The network incorporates two customized components aimed at improving segmentation accuracy, with CNN-Trans-Fusion block for feature extraction and Haar wavelet and max pooling hybrid downsampler (HWMD) for downsampling. Through training on the microcrack dataset with a combined loss function, QF-Net forms its corresponding network model. Experimental results demonstrate that the QF-Net model achieves traditional methods and state-of-the-art networks, and also shows remarkable generalization ability on images from published studies. Ablation studies confirm the significant contributions of the introduced modules to the overall segmentation performance. This study provides an automated and accurate method for microcrack segmentation, giving insights for understanding the formation mechanisms of microcracks and optimizing material properties during design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 106272"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144787581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behaviour of a novel functionally graded 3D re-entrant lattice reinforced high-performance concrete under static and dynamic compression","authors":"Yiwei Xuan ,&nbsp;Dianwei Gao ,&nbsp;Mingzhong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a systematic experimental study on the static and dynamic mechanical behaviour of high-performance concrete (HPC) reinforced with 3D re-entrant lattice, accounting for the effect of functionally gradient design. The uniform 3D re-entrant lattice (U) and the corresponding vertically positively and negatively graded lattices (FG1 and FG2) were designed and manufactured with 3D printing. The plain HPC (P-HPC) and HPC reinforced with U (U-HPC), FG1 (G1-HPC) and FG2 (G2-HPC) were fabricated accordingly. Static compressive and split Hopkinson pressure bar tests were then conducted to investigate the static and dynamic compressive behaviour of 3D re-entrant lattice reinforced HPC under various strain rates (i.e., 0, 28.1, 50.6, 72.0 and 100.6 s⁻¹). Results indicate that the static compressive strength of HPC specimens is slightly improved owing to re-entrant lattice reinforcement, while the static dissipated energy of P-HPC is 55.7 %, 53.2 % and 57.5 % lower than that of U-HPC, G1-HPC and G2-HPC, respectively. Regarding dynamic compressive behaviour, although the dynamic strength of P-HPC is 11.3–24.6 % higher than that of lattice reinforced HPC at a strain rate of around 30 s⁻¹, with the further increase of strain rates, the re-entrant lattice reinforced HPC presents higher strength improvement. G2-HPC has the highest dynamic compressive strength of 198.3 MPa at a strain rate of approximately 100.6 s⁻¹, followed by G1-HPC, P-HPC and U-HPC. At low strain rates, the plain and lattice reinforced HPC exhibit the similar energy absorption. When the strain rate reaches around 100.6 s⁻¹, U-HPC, G1-HPC and G2-HPC exhibit a 29.8 %, 36.8 % and 54.3 %, respectively higher dissipated energy than P-HPC. The gradient design of lattice reinforcement brings a more gradual and smooth dissipation of energy, thereby improving the overall energy absorption capacity. The excellent dynamic compressive behaviour of functionally graded 3D re-entrant lattice reinforced HPC offers a promising solution for protective structures subjected to high strain rates, including impact, blast, and seismic loadings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 106261"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144772510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of thermo-sensitive core-shell microcapsules fabricated by a facile vibrational melt coating method toward a heat-triggered set on demand of ordinary Portland cement","authors":"Hailong Hu ,&nbsp;Zihao Yu ,&nbsp;Yang Lv ,&nbsp;Hongbo Tan ,&nbsp;Shouwei Jian ,&nbsp;Xiangguo Li ,&nbsp;Baoguo Ma ,&nbsp;Yang Deng ,&nbsp;Dong Wang ,&nbsp;Zhengdong Hong ,&nbsp;Rong Yang ,&nbsp;Jian Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is one of the most widely used building materials, but its hydration and setting are challenging to control on demand. In this article, phase change material (PCM) was successfully coated on the surface of sodium silicate (SS) using a facile vibration coating method to fabricate thermo-sensitive SS@PCM (SP) microcapsules. The microcapsules were utilized to accelerate the hydration and setting of cement paste using heat as a trigger on demand. The results showed that PCM powder can be melted and uniformly coated on the surface of SS to form a core-shell structure, and the heat-triggering temperature of SP microcapsules reached 60 °C. Before heat triggering, the PCM acts as a barrier preventing SS from reacting with OPC so that a long setting time, high fluidity and extremely low dynamic yield stress could be realized. After heat triggering, the PCM shell disintegrated, followed by the release of SS, the accelerator. SS and residual heat accelerated the hydration of OPC, as evidenced by the rapid increase of storage modulus, the rising of loss modulus, and the decrease of loss factor in several minutes. This led to the setting time decreasing from hours to minutes, losing fluidity, and gaining high static yield stress. The PCM usage of 15 % is beneficial for early hydration within 2–4 h and early compressive strength development. A 3D printing test verified that the paste could achieve the goal of setting on demand by simple addition of SP microcapsules and application of heating.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 106268"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144737501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel internal carbonation method for utilisation of steel slag-based binder: strength, microstructure, and in-situ carbon migration","authors":"Weiwei Chen ,&nbsp;Peiliang Shen ,&nbsp;Qinglong Qin ,&nbsp;Yong Tao ,&nbsp;Faqian Liu ,&nbsp;Chi Sun Poon","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel internal carbonation method is proposed in this study for synthesising high-strength steel slag-based binder, using carbonated recycled concrete fines (CRCF) as calcium carbonate carriers and sodium meta-aluminate (SMA) solution as a chemical activator. The results demonstrate that the internal carbonation accelerates hydration and densifies microstructure of steel slag paste. The SMA-CRCF-activated steel slag (SSCRA) paste can achieve a setting time of around 1 h and a 28-day compressive strength of up to 32 MPa, showing a reduction of 84 % in setting time and a 5.4-fold increase in compressive strength compared to the SMA-activated steel slag (SSA) paste. During the process, the CRCF is rapidly dissolved upon activation of SMA solution, releasing carbonate ions to react with katoite and portlandite first and then the larnite in steel slag. After the internal carbonation, the main carbonated phases are Mc and calcite. The resulting C-A-S-H gel generated in the SSCRA paste is less polymerised than that in the SSA paste due to the incorporation of released Ca²⁺ ions from CRCF. Compared to accelerated carbonation curing, this method enables an easier fabrication process for steel slag products and eliminates constraints related to product dimensions, offering greater flexibility for field applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 106267"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144747736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing incinerated sewage sludge ash for antibacterial alkali-activated materials","authors":"Hafiz Asad Ali ,&nbsp;Keke Sun ,&nbsp;Xiaohao Sun ,&nbsp;Chi Sun Poon ,&nbsp;Nemkumar Banthia","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Doping binders with heavy metal ions is an effective strategy for combating microbial-induced corrosion in sewerage systems. In this study, we utilized incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA), which contains trace amounts of heavy metals, to provide a biocidal effect within an alkali-activated material (AAM) prepared with GGBS and waste glass powder. The resulting mixture was then exposed to a real sewage environment for 24 months. The results show significant reductions in the total abundance of corrosive bacteria, as indicated by 16S rRNA gene and dsrB concentrations, along with decreased diversity in the microbial communities in the biofilm adhered to the ISSA-incorporated binder. Notably, the number of sulfur-reducing bacteria (SRB) and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB), such as <em>Starkeya novella</em> and <em>Halothiobacillus neapolitanus</em> (known neutrophilic SOB), were also reduced in this binder. This observation confirmed the bacteriostatic effect of ISSA, which was further supported by the release of Zn/Cu ions from this binder measured by leaching tests. Furthermore, the ISSA-incorporated binder exhibited approximately six times less corrosion depth than the control, due to its lower proportion of capillary pores and Ca content in AAM gels, in conjunction with ISSA's bacteriostatic effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 106262"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144747740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recycling coal gasification slag to produce eco-friendly ultra-high performance Concrete: working properties, mechanical properties and microstructure","authors":"Tianshuai Yao ,&nbsp;Yuli Wang ,&nbsp;Mengfei Li ,&nbsp;Wanyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuqiong Luo ,&nbsp;Qing Tian ,&nbsp;Jinge Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the feasibility and underlying mechanisms of utilizing coal gasification slag (CGS), an industrial byproduct, as aggregate replacement for river sand (RS) in ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC), aiming for sustainable material development. UHPC with 0 %, 50 %, and 100 % CGS substitution (by mass) for RS were prepared and systematically evaluated. As CGS content increases, UHPC fluidity improves due to its higher sphericity and lower water absorption. Notably, optimal overall performance was achieved at 50 % CGS substitution, which exhibited the highest packing density, lowest porosity, and superior later-age mechanical properties compared to the control (0 % CGS) and full replacement (100 % CGS) mixtures. Microstructural analyses (TG-DTG, SEM, LF-NMR, Nanoindentation) revealed a dual role for CGS: its surface reactivity contributed to additional hydration product formation (C-A-S-H), enhancing matrix density, particularly in the C50 group. However, detrimental effects, including weakened interfacial transition zones (ITZ) around CGS particles (evidenced by increased thickness and potentially higher porosity) and the negative impact of residual carbon, became dominant at 100 % substitution, limiting performance. The findings demonstrate that partial replacement (50 %) of RS with CGS is a viable strategy for producing eco-friendlier UHPC with optimized properties, highlighting a promising avenue for high-value CGS utilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 106260"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144737499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of accelerated carbonation on the chemical and microstructural evolution of recycled different SCMs blended cement pastes","authors":"Lei Xu ,&nbsp;Junjie Wang ,&nbsp;Rong Huang ,&nbsp;Yilei Wang ,&nbsp;Bo Ran ,&nbsp;Xiaochuan Hu ,&nbsp;Tong Lv ,&nbsp;Xiangming Zhou ,&nbsp;Shiqi Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaodi Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To mitigate the environmental impacts of cement production, which contributes to more than 7 % of global CO₂ emissions, strategies such as the use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), the development of new low-carbon cementitious materials, and the incorporation of recycled waste materials have been implemented. This study comprehensively investigates the chemical changes and microstructural evolution of CO₂-cured recycled cement pastes from different waste SCMs blends, including silica fume (SF), fly ash (FA), ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), and limestone (LS). Using ²⁹Si NMR, TG, QXRD, SEM, TEM, MIP, and mechanical tests, we identify distinct carbonation patterns between different recycled SCMs-blended cement (RBC) pastes. These differences are attributed to variations in β-C₂S, calcium hydroxide, and C₂AS (gehlenite) content. The thermal activation temperature plays a significant role in the carbonation behavior of RBC pastes, with higher temperatures leading to increased crystallization of β-C₂S and a reduction in crystalline defects. The enhanced compressive strength of RBC pastes under CO₂ curing is linked to the carbonation of portlandite and belite at the surface, resulting a \"C-S-H and silica gel matrix inlaid with a polycrystalline CaCO₃ hoop layer\" that markedly improves microstructural densification and decreases total porosity. With a low-carbon emission of 0.237–0.316 tCO₂/t during RBC paste production and its potential for CO₂ capture, RBC presents an obvious potential as a negative-carbon cementitious material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 106259"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144737532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promotion mechanisms of calcium carbide residue on the early-age hydration of sodium carbonate-activated GBFS materials","authors":"Yuehao Guo ,&nbsp;Yan meng ,&nbsp;Shiyu Zhuang ,&nbsp;Ruiquan Jia ,&nbsp;Jianwei Sun ,&nbsp;Ling Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sodium carbonate-activated GBFS materials (SCSM) present compelling sustainability advantages, including low-carbon footprint and economic viability. However, its long setting time and low early strength limit its practical application. In this study, calcium carbide residue (CCR) was added to modify SCSM. Effects of CCR on the reaction kinetics, phase assemblage, and microstructure of SCSM were investigated, and promotion mechanisms of CCR on the early hydration of SCSM were discussed. Results showed that the OH⁻ released by CCR promoted the depolymerization of GBFS and improved the early exothermic rate. Meanwhile, the Ca²⁺ provided by CCR and GBFS reacted with CO₃²⁻ to form calcium carbonate, and promoted the formation of C-(A)-S-H with [SiO₄]^4- and [AlO₄]^5- released by GBFS. In addition, CCR provided additional nucleation sites to promote the hydration reaction. Through combined chemical and physical effects, CCR significantly shortened the induction period from 24 h to 0.8 h, drastically reduced the setting time from 688 min to 171 min. It increased the 1 d compressive and flexural strength from negligible values to 11.24 MPa and 4.31 MPa, respectively. Therefore, CCR as a high-quality modified material provides a scalable paradigm for developing high-performance and low-carbon SCSM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 106264"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144719508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into Cl− binding and phase evolution during the early hydration of cement pastes prepared with NaCl solutions: a study using high-field NMR and in situ XRD","authors":"Yanliang Ji ,&nbsp;Kevin Wendt ,&nbsp;Leo Pel ,&nbsp;Dietmar Stephan","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106266","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106266","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using saline materials such as seawater in concrete promotes sustainability but raises durability concerns, particularly due to corrosion of steel reinforcement. However, the mechanisms regarding the early-stage binding of saline ions during cement hydration remain poorly understood. This study investigates sodium (Na⁺) and chloride (Cl⁻) ion binding in early hydration of tricalcium aluminate (C₃A) and tricalcium silicate (C₃S), and different types of cements (OPC and Slag cement) with or without sodium sulfate (0.5 M Na₂SO₄), in the presence of 1.0 M NaCl solution. High-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), calorimetry, and in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to analyze ion binding, hydration kinetics, and phase development. Results indicate slower Cl⁻ binding in C₃S pastes due to their gradual hydration, whereas rapid AFm (alumina-ferric oxide monosubstituted phases) formation in C₃A pastes promotes quick binding of saline ions. Slag cement, despite lower heat release, exhibits greater Cl⁻ binding than OPC, and sodium sulfate addition retards ions binding in both cements. Early-stage Cl⁻ binding predominantly occurs through physical adsorption, and NMR analyses reveal increased chloride mobility correlates with greater chloride leaching risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 106266"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144737504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}