Cement & concrete composites最新文献

{"title":"Carbon sequestration in cementitious composites containing two-step thermochemically activated biochar","authors":"Sahana C. M,&nbsp;Souradeep Gupta","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biochar (BC) activation can induce structural changes, which may enhance CO₂ sequestration and the engineering performance of biochar-based cementitious materials. In this research, the effect of biochar engineered under two conditions – (i) thermal treatment (TTBC) at 550 °C, 650 °C, and 750 °C respectively, and (ii) KOH- activation (KBC) at the mentioned temperatures and BC: KOH of 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4, on the hydration kinetics, CO₂ sequestration, structural changes, strength and shrinkage of biochar-cement composites is examined. KBC has a high macro-pore (&gt;50 nm pores) volume and contains oxygenated groups, while TTBC is primarily aromatic and micro-porous (&lt;2 nm pores). High surface area (190–237 m²/g), structural disorder, and the presence of oxygen-rich functional groups in KBC activated at 750 °C accelerate the hydration kinetics and enhance the total hydration of cement pastes by 30–51 % compared to pastes with TTBC and KBC prepared at 550 °C and 650 °C. KOH activation promotes carbon burn-off and increases meso- and macro-porosity of biochar, thus creating additional diffusion channels for CO₂. This enhances the CO₂-sequestration of biochar-cement by 17–45 % compared to TTBC. CO₂ sequestration in biochar-cement increases with a change in BC: KOH from 1:2 to 1:4, reducing the small and medium capillary pore volume by 40–71 %. This enhances the 1-day strength by 16–37 % and longer-term strength (after 1 year) by 22–45 %. Further, enlarged portlandite crystals are formed due to residual potassium (from KOH activation), which mitigates the total shrinkage by 15–38 %, enhancing the stability of activated biochar-based cementitious materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 106255"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144719509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing interlayer bonding in 3-dimensional printed concrete using bacteria-based biomineralization","authors":"Amardeep Singh ,&nbsp;Kamal Anand ,&nbsp;Qiong Liu ,&nbsp;VivianW.Y. Tam ,&nbsp;Shweta Goyal ,&nbsp;M. Sudhakara Reddy","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICCP) has demonstrated considerable promise in enhancing the mechanical properties and durability of 3D printed concrete (3DPC). This study aims to assess the on-site applicability of a ready-to-use, fly ash-based bacterial inoculum designed for industrial use, with the objective of enhancing interlayer cohesion while reducing environmental impact. A comprehensive testing regime was conducted, encompassing direct and splitting tensile tests, in conjunction with microstructural analyses, including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), 3D Digital Image Correlation (3D DIC), and Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP). The testing was conducted across two series of specimens. The findings indicate that the incorporation of nutrient broth (NB) supplemented with nutrients during the printing and curing process led to a substantial enhancement in mechanical performance. Specimens treated NB and cured NB-enriched water showed an increase in splitting tensile strength and direct tensile strength of 422.21 % in Series I and 509.25 % in Series II. Further analysis via SEM revealed the formation of lamellar rhombohedral calcite crystals (3–7 μm), and XRD confirmed greater calcite content in NB-treated specimens. TGA results indicated increased calcite formation, while MIP analysis revealed reduced porosity and more refined pore structures in treated specimens. These findings confirm the effectiveness of MICCP using a field-deployable bacterial solution, paving the way for scalable applications in sustainable 3D concrete printing. Future studies should investigate further optimization for field deployment and adaptation of bacterial strains to varying environmental conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 106258"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144710837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms underlying the carbonation of Portland cement incorporating triethanolamine to enhance CO2 curing effectiveness","authors":"Jionghuang He ,&nbsp;Yingliang Zhao ,&nbsp;Kai Cui ,&nbsp;Zihan Ma ,&nbsp;Yong Tao ,&nbsp;Peiliang Shen ,&nbsp;Guangcheng Long ,&nbsp;Chi-Sun Poon","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study comprehensively investigated the effects of triethanolamine (TEA) on cement carbonation, with a focus on carbonation kinetics, microstructure development, and underlying mechanisms. The results demonstrated that TEA retarded cement carbonation, with this effect intensifying as TEA concentration increased. This retardation primarily occurred because TEA promoted initial Ca²⁺ precipitation and accelerated pH reduction, converting absorbed CO₂ into HCO₃^-, which retarded subsequent CaCO₃ formation. Notably, higher TEA concentrations facilitated the carbonation of the aluminate phase, contributing to a two-stage carbonation mechanism, characterized by a distinctive double-peak feature in the heat evolution curve. TEA exhibited a CO₂ absorption capacity of 31.56 g/mol and was negligibly consumed during carbonation, suggesting that TEA behaved similarly to a catalyst, exerting a significant impact even in small quantities. Consequently, a more homogeneous and denser microstructure, along with enhanced strength development were achieved at a low TEA concentration. In contrast, high TEA concentrations significantly exacerbated the retardation and caused an uneven distribution of products within the matrix. These findings reveal the mechanisms through which TEA influences cement carbonation and underscore its potential to enhance CO₂ curing effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 106252"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144701761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstruction kinetics and structural evolutions of chromate and chloride intercalated Mg/Al layered double hydroxide in low-carbon cements","authors":"Yuying Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Zhu ,&nbsp;Bin Ma ,&nbsp;Xinwei Li ,&nbsp;Weijian Xu ,&nbsp;Lei Wang ,&nbsp;Roya Maboudian ,&nbsp;Daniel C.W. Tsang","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the early-stage reconstruction of Mg/Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) is critical for enhancing anion immobilization in low-carbon cementitious systems. Here, we combined <em>in-situ</em> and <em>ex-situ</em> synchrotron X-ray diffraction analyses to reveal the time-dependent and reversible layered structure transformation of Mg/Al-LDH from calcined Mg/Al-LDH (CLDH) in cementitious environments enriched with Cr(VI) and Cl⁻. Our observations revealed that the initial interlayer space of Mg/Al-LDHs ranged from 7.64 to 7.74 Å, typical for OH⁻ intercalated LDHs, while Cr(VI) hindered the LDH reconstruction. Intercalation of Cl⁻ and Cr(VI) anions expanded the interlayer space of Mg/Al-LDHs up to 8.35 Å, yet had a negligible impact on the lamellar skeleton. Density functional theory calculations indicated that Cr(VI) had a stronger affinity for Mg/Al-LDH layers than Cl⁻, evidenced by higher charge transfer (+2.04 e <em>vs.</em> +0.79 e) and lower interlayer adsorption energy (−1.92 eV <em>vs.</em> −0.29 eV). By selecting Cr(VI) and Cl–, two coexisting anions in hazardous wastes with different charges and geometry, we gained a mechanistic understanding of how a broader group of oxyanions (e.g., SO₄²⁻, AsO₄³⁻) behave in LDH-containing low-carbon cements. Real-time observation and theoretical calculations unveiled the anion-driven reconstruction of Mg/Al-LDH in low-carbon cement, guiding the development of LDH-modified low-carbon cement for immobilizing harmful anions in aggressive environments. These findings facilitated the broader adoption of sustainable cementitious materials across various aggressive environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 106250"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144701762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-sensing performance of nanoengineered one-part alkali-activated materials-based sensors after exposure to elevated temperature","authors":"Yipu Guo ,&nbsp;Fulin Qu ,&nbsp;Wenkui Dong ,&nbsp;Yizhe Wang ,&nbsp;Doo-Yeol Yoo ,&nbsp;Ippei Maruyama ,&nbsp;Wengui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>One-part alkali-activated binders offer advantages such as low carbon footprint and enhanced thermal stability, making them a promising alternative to ordinary Portland cement for manufacturing self-sensing cementitious composites (SSCCs). This study aims to develop a nanocarbon black (NCB)-engineered one-part alkali-activated slag composite (CBAS) for a fire safety monitoring system, and thus the residual resistance-based and capacitance-based sensing performances after exposure to 300 °C and 600 °C were investigated. The results indicate the developed CBAS exhibits enhanced residual self-sensing capabilities and retains adequate mechanical strength after high-temperature exposure. The influence of elevated temperatures on the self-sensing mechanisms was thoroughly explored through analyses of phase evolution, microstructure, and the innovatively proposed paired equivalent circuit models of ((R(QR))(RQ)(RW)) and (QR). The exclusive presence of Maxwell–Wagner type interfacial polarization, resulting from NCB/matrix(microdefects)/NCB structures, ensures highly sensitive and improved capacitance-based responses after high-temperature exposure. The compressive and flexural strengths follow the same minor-then-severe strength loss pattern after exposure to 300 °C and 600 °C, with the retention rates of 48.3–93.1 % and 51.1–73.2 %, respectively. The sensitivity of DC and AC resistance-based sensing follows the same increasing–then–decreasing trend, with DC-based sensing exhibiting higher sensitivity. In contrast, capacitance-based sensing shows a monotonically increasing sensitivity with rising exposure temperature and the maximum FCC of 63.1–207.3 % under 6 MPa cyclic compression. The insights from equivalent circuit analysis align well with the theoretical polarization mechanism evolution observed in both resistance- and capacitance-sensing responses, demonstrating the accuracy and reliability of the proposed equivalent circuit model and mechanistic analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 106257"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144701789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semi-wet CO2 mineralized modified wollastonite: Application in high-early strength cement and comparative analysis with common supplementary cementitious materials","authors":"Yi-Sheng Wang ,&nbsp;RunSheng Lin ,&nbsp;Xiao-Yong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mineral carbonation technology is widely recognized as an effective approach for mitigating global warming. This study proposes a semi-wet CO₂ mineralization method to modify wollastonite (WS) and successfully synthesizes a reactive cementitious material—carbonated wollastonite (CWS)—that is rich in carbonate and amorphous SiO₂. This innovative method not only imparts significant pozzolanic activity to the CWS but also enables efficient CO₂ sequestration. This study systematically outlines the CWS preparation process and investigates its influence on the hydration characteristics, microstructural evolution, and performance development of a high-early strength cement (HEC) system. Additionally, a comparative analysis with slag and fly ash is conducted. The results of this study revealed that CWS exhibited a slight hydration inhibition effect in the early stage, which gradually diminished over time. After 28 days, the strength of the CWS system surpassed that of pure HEC, and its resistivity increased by 79.3 %, significantly exceeding the 24.1 % improvement observed in the slag system. CWS not only exhibits pozzolanic activity but also interacts synergistically with the aluminum phase. Its ability to consume calcium hydroxide and generate hydration products surpasses that of slag and fly ash, effectively reducing the total pore volume to a level comparable to that of the pure HEC system. In addition, the unique preparation process of CWS shows an excellent CO₂ sequestration potential of 285.5 g CO₂/kg. This method not only offers an effective solution to mitigate the current shortage of SCMs but also provides a sustainable approach for the construction industry, combining high performance with low carbon emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 106254"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144701763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MgO-metakaolin cementitious materials: hydration, properties and microstructure","authors":"Yongshan Tan ,&nbsp;Xiangyi Cheng ,&nbsp;Caijun Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MgO-metakaolin (MK) systems is a novel magnesium-based cementitious material that is a potential candidate for the solidification and encapsulation of radioactive waste. This study investigates the effects of the MgO/MK mass ratio, water-to-binder ratio, and curing age on the hydration, properties and microstructure of MgO-MK cementitious materials. The results suggest that increasing the MgO/MK mass ratio caused an enhancement in the compressive strength and flowability of MgO-MK cementitious materials and significantly reduced the total heat release of the MgO-MK system. The main hydration products found in the microstructure of the MgO-MK systems are brucite, hydrotalcite, and magnesium (aluminum) silicate hydrate gel (M-(A-)S-H), with the amorphous M-(A-)S-H gel being the primary hydration product. The amount of hydration products increased with an increase in the MgO content. Further, a significant reduction in the porosity of the samples were observed with an increase in the MgO/MK mass ratio resulting in a dense microstructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 106256"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144694075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breaking strength-ductility trade-off dilemma for Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) through filler effect","authors":"Junsheng Li ,&nbsp;Victor C. Li ,&nbsp;Duo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The outstanding strain-hardening and multiple cracking behavior of Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) is favored by maintaining a low fracture toughness (<em>K</em>_m) in its matrix. However, limiting <em>K</em>_m comes at the cost of diminished compressive strength (<em>f</em>_c), owing to their intrinsic positive correlation in general cementitious binders. Here, we explore the feasibility of decoupling the <em>K</em>_m-<em>f</em>_c relationship by applying the filler effect, aiming to improve the composite <em>f</em>_c and tensile ductility simultaneously. Our results show that <em>K</em>_m and <em>f</em>_c can be adjusted independently by manipulating the use of fillers with different cementitious reactivities, and incorporating the inert-particle-packing effect produced a densified matrix with increased <em>f</em>_c but nearly unchanged <em>K</em>_m. Micromechanical analyses revealed favorable changes in the fiber/matrix interfacial bond and pseudo-strain-hardening index, accompanied by an improved tensile strength, ductility, and crack control capability in the composite. These findings inform a cost-effective design strategy for ECC across wide-ranging applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 106248"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144684616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concrete with sustainable fillers at elevated temperatures: A review","authors":"Dong Wang,&nbsp;Gabriel Sas,&nbsp;Oisik Das","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fillers such as fly ash, slag, and biochar offer potential solutions for addressing carbon emissions from cement manufacturing and improving waste management. However, concrete with fillers experiences severe thermal damage at elevated temperatures due to issues like thermal incompatibility, pore pressure build-up, thermal stress, and phase transformation. This paper offers a comprehensive review of how fly ash, slag, and biochar impact concrete when subjected to high temperatures. It reviews phase stability, alterations in microstructure, thermal damage, and mechanical behaviour, as well as approaches to improve concrete's fire resistance. Fly ash and slag reduce microcracks in concrete during heat exposures by consuming free portlandite (Ca (OH)₂) during cement hydration, while biochar mitigates pore pressure in the matrix. However, fillers lower concrete's thermal conductivity, increasing temperature gradients and reducing fire resistance. A mix of steel and polypropylene fibers enhances fire resistance more effectively than using a single fiber type.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 106232"},"PeriodicalIF":13.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144684617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reaction kinetics and microstructure evolution of tuff-based geopolymers with feature properties","authors":"Cheng Shi ,&nbsp;Kequan Yu ,&nbsp;Chaowei Zheng ,&nbsp;Dongyu Wang ,&nbsp;Jun Zhao ,&nbsp;Chenglong Cai ,&nbsp;Anming She ,&nbsp;Zuhua Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2025.106249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work proposes a multi-scale composition design strategy to investigate reaction kinetics, microstructure control, and performance optimization of tuff-based geopolymers in both high- and low-calcium systems. We evaluated the leaching of Al and Si from tuff in alkaline solutions, employing in-situ Raman mapping spectroscopy to track phase structure transitions during leaching. The reaction process of tuff-based geopolymers was assessed using ¹H low-field NMR and ICC. Notably, high-calcium systems showed excellent workability (flowability and setting time) and compressive strength, while low-calcium systems exhibited superior flexural strength. Microstructure characterization via SEM-EDS, XRD, MIP, and TGA elucidated the mechanisms underlying physical property changes. <em>In-situ</em> FTIR further revealed reaction mechanisms and stability within the geopolymer matrix. For high calcium system, some gel nucleus part occurs in the solution with the other part using GGBS and tuff as crystallization nucleus to generate C(N)-A-S-H gels on the surface. For low calcium system, three-dimensional amorphous network structures of N-A-S-(H) gels become the main products, and the tuff particles as crystallization nucleus become the main structure aggregate. This composition design strategy offers valuable insights for the diversified design of tuff-based geopolymers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9865,"journal":{"name":"Cement & concrete composites","volume":"164 ","pages":"Article 106249"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144684615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}