Cereal Research Communications最新文献

{"title":"Appraisal of genetic variability and detection of sequence polymorphism in the Rc and Rd loci among the pigmented and non-pigmented genotypes of rice","authors":"Durgadatta Meher, Arpita Das, Joydeep Banerjee, Sudip Bhattacharya, Torit Baran Bagchi, Krishnendu Pramanik","doi":"10.1007/s42976-023-00482-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-023-00482-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Diverse, traditional landraces of <i>indica</i> rice with varying pigmentations are grown at the foothills of Eastern Himalayas. Interaction between two rice genes <i>Rc</i> and <i>Rd</i> is the major determining factor for diverse pigmentations. <i>Rd</i> regulates the synthesis of anthocyanidin, whereas <i>Rc</i> encodes a transcription factor for the expression of proanthocyanidins in rice. This study involved 24 genotypes of rice with varying pigmentation, collected from the Himalayan region and Eastern India for appraisal of genetic variability, character association, diversity regarding yield and grain-quality traits, and detection of sequence variation concerning <i>Rc</i> and <i>Rd</i> loci. Results revealed substantial genetic variability with significant genotype × year interaction for most of the traits. The tested genotypes were grouped into nine clusters based on Euclidean distance. Analyses of coding DNA and amino acid sequences revealed non-functional <i>Rc</i> gene with 14-bp deletion without or with a single nucleotide addition in the sixth exon, which led to premature stop codon formation or frameshift mutation in most of the black and white rice on the contrary to red rice genotypes. Furthermore, only a single white rice genotype was detected with a premature stop codon formation in the analyzed region of <i>Rd</i>. That mutation might be the probable cause for obstruction in anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis. Further studies are needed to identify the point mutations and premature stop codon (if any) in the <i>Rd</i> locus of various <i>indica</i> rice genotypes from these regions to unveil the evolutionary relevance of the <i>Rd</i> allele for aberrated dihydroflavonol-4-reductase protein formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9841,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Research Communications","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139583465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the biochemical, physiological, molecular, and synthetic biology approaches towards the development of C4 rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"Jyoti Prakash Sahoo, Debashis Mahapatra, Manaswini Mahapatra, Tuward J. Dweh, Salma Kayastha, Pranaya Pradhan, Swapan Kumar Tripathy, Kailash Chandra Samal, Abinash Mishra, Manasi Dash, Spandan Nanda","doi":"10.1007/s42976-024-00489-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-024-00489-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Crop yields must drastically increase to meet the demands of a rapidly increasing global population. One current option being investigated is the augmentation of photosynthetic capacity by incorporating the C₄ photosynthetic pathway into C₃ crops such as rice to significantly increase production. Crops with improved photosynthetic mechanisms would make better use of the solar radiation that can be converted into yield. This will help to boost grain yield, reduce water loss, and increase nitrogen use efficiency, particularly in hot and dry conditions. Identifying and manipulating the genes required to install C₄ photosynthesis in rice is a big challenge. However, the international C₄ rice collaboration, is formed to test the possibility of incorporating the C₄ mechanism into rice. This article summarizes the parameters that must be changed in rice in order for the C₄ pathway to be successfully introduced. It also examines the biochemistry, physiology, molecular biology, and synthetic biology approaches between the C₃ and C₄ photosynthetic processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9841,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Research Communications","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139556605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arsenic stress responses in sensitive and tolerant rice of North-East, India","authors":"Thorny Chanu Thounaojam, Thounaojam Thomas Meetei, Yumnam Bijilaxmi Devi, Bhaben Tanti, Sanjib Kumar Panda, Hrishikesh Upadhyaya","doi":"10.1007/s42976-023-00488-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-023-00488-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Arsenic (As) significantly affects production and quality of rice (<i>Oryza sativa L</i>), the global staple food. Therefore, there is a need for As tolerant rice and so, present work is designed to identify the highest As tolerant and sensitive rice cultivars of North-East (NE), India, and the key mechanisms for the sensitivity and tolerance. Hydroponically grown twenty rice cultivars of NE were analyzed for the changes in growth, As content and Arsenic tolerant index % (ATI%) after 7th day of As treatments (0, 100 and 300 µM), where Phougak rice was found to be the highest tolerant having highest ATI% while cultivar with IC no. 200507 with least ATI%, the highly sensitive to As. The sensitivity and tolerance of the rice against As were further analyzed through the evaluation of morphological and histochemical changes, relative water content, chlorophyll content, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and lipid peroxidation level, and antioxidant metabolites and enzymes activities. Arsenic significantly increased H₂O₂ level, resulted into lipid peroxidation and cell death in sensitive rice, moreover, scanning electron microscopy also revealed damaging effect of As in the plant. However, no damaging effect was observed in the tolerant rice, but considerable increase of ascorbate and glutathione content and activity of antioxidant enzymes were recorded. Hence, high accumulation of As induced ROS in sensitive rice, while constant detoxification of the ROS in tolerant rice by efficient antioxidant defence system could be the reasons for the sensitivity of 200507 and tolerance of Phougak rice to As stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":9841,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Research Communications","volume":"106 1S 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139556602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drought-induced variations in nutritional composition of grain and bran of contrasting rice genotypes","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s42976-023-00485-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-023-00485-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Abstract</h3> <p>Drought is a key environmental element that affects rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em> L.) productivity and quality. Control and drought-treated rice grain (milled) and bran fractions of two contrasting rice genotypes (N22-drought-tolerant and IR64-drought-sensitive) were evaluated based on proximate composition, vitamins, minerals, and nutritional quality indices. Except for carbohydrates and amylose content, bran from both genotypes had higher concentrations of all parameters (proximate, minerals, vitamins, phenols, amino acids, and phytic acid) analyzed in this study. Protein level ranged from 9–11% in grain to 13–15% in bran. Macronutrients (Na, Ca, K, Mg, P) increased after drought in both genotypes. Under drought, thiamine level ranged from 0.07 to 1.97 mg/100 g, riboflavin level from 0.02 to 0.43 mg/100 g, and <em>α</em>-tocopherol from 1.67 to 8.34 mg/100 g in both fractions. N22 showed higher amylose (20.44% and 4.84%) and phenol (0.46 mg/GAE and 2.54 mg/GAE) content in both grain and bran fractions under drought condition. Proline accumulated at higher concentration (2.732 g/100 g) than other amino acids in N22 under drought. Phytic acid ranged from 0.213 to 2.752 g/100 g in drought. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first preliminary report on nutritional quality analysis of rice grain and bran under drought stress. The current findings may help breeders in development of high-quality, drought-tolerant rice varieties, and will also provide a strong foundation for utilizing bran as an essential food ingredient to improve human nutrition and may help breeders to use this tolerant genotype as better parents in further crossings.</p>","PeriodicalId":9841,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Research Communications","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139515939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Tos17 LTR retrotransposon movements in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under nickel and boron stress","authors":"Sinan Meriç, Alp Ayan, Burcu Gündüz, Can Özpirinçci, Özge Çelik, Çimen Atak","doi":"10.1007/s42976-023-00486-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-023-00486-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Heavy metal and metalloid pollution caused by the industrialization became a leading stress factors for agricultural plants. The increase in the amount of nickel and boron in agricultural areas due to mining and increasing industrial activity is an important agricultural constraint. The difference between deficiency and toxicity levels of these heavy metal and metalloid is extremely critical. Nickel and boron are important micronutrients for plant growth, while they become toxic at critical densities. Plants exhibit different responses to these pollutants. It is essential to find specific biomarkers to discriminate the tolerant varieties to develop elite varieties. Transposable elements are known to have an efficient role against environmental stress factors. In this research, we evaluated the potential use of Tos17 retrotransposon movement as a molecular marker to identify the stress tolerances of two <i>Oryza sativa</i> L. varieties against nickel and boron pollutants.</p>","PeriodicalId":9841,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Research Communications","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139500420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obtaining dihaploid lines of winter bread wheat with complex resistance to rust and common bunt by anther culture in vitro","authors":"I. Zambriborshch, O. Shestopal, V. Traskovetskaya, O. Vasiliev, O. Halaiev, M. Halaieva, O. Afinogenov, M. Chekalova","doi":"10.1007/s42976-023-00466-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-023-00466-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We investigated the anther culture (AC) efficiency of nine genotypes of winter bread wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.). The genotype dependency was assessed during the induction of the androgenic callus, i.e., embryo-like structures (ELSs), green-, albino- and acclimatizated plantlets. The highest level of callus formation were shown for samples 120/20 (114.39 ELS per 100 anthers—ELS/100A) and 132/20 (16.26 ELS/100A). The number of green plantlets per 100 anthers (GP/100A) varied from 0 to 3.05 GP/100A with a mean of 0.71 GP/100A. The acclimatized plantlets (ADPs) per 100 regenerated green plantlets ranged in each combination, from 32.00 to 62.50 ADP/100GP with an average value of 35.92. Between 12.50 and 60.00 doubled haploid (DH) plants per 100 acclimatized plantlets (DH/100ADP), depending on the combination, with a mean of 29.41% were recovered. Fertile plants in the anthers culture 5 out of 9 studied genotypes were obtained. Seventeen dihaploid lines with complex rust resistance and common bunt (8–9 points) were obtained. Two clusters of complex resistance genes were identified in the ten studied DH lines: Lr26/Sr31/Pm8/Yr9 and Lr34/Yr18/Sr58/Pm38.</p>","PeriodicalId":9841,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Research Communications","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139501731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introgression of opaque2 allele into sweetcorn composite through marker-assisted selection","authors":"Pratibha Sharma, Vivek Sharma, Harcharan S. Dhaliwal, Rahul Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s42976-023-00483-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-023-00483-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) is the third most important staple cereal crop after wheat and rice, which is used for human consumption, biofuels, livestock feed and also as raw material in industry. It provides over 20% of total calories in human diet. The <i>sh2</i> mutant in supersweet corn composites and hybrids leads to enhanced sugar and vitamin B3 content in developing grains and reduction of starch content in mature grains. The deficiency of essential amino acids lysine and tryptophan in maize proteins has been significantly improved with the use of <i>opaque2</i> (<i>o2</i>) allele leading to the development of quality protein maize (QPM). In this study, the <i>opaque2</i> allele was pyramided in a sweet corn composite with <i>Shrunken 2</i> (<i>sh2</i>) allele to develop a sweet and quality protein maize composite with higher content of essential amino acids and vitamins. QPM inbred line VQL-2 was used as the donor parent for <i>o2</i> allele having higher value of lysine (3.64 ± 0.1 g/100 g), tryptophan (1.91 ± 0.01 g/100 g) and vitamin B3 (1.97 ± 0.02 mg/100 g) and the Punjab sweetcorn-1 as the recurrent parent having higher values of vitamin B1 (0.1 ± 0.01 mg/100 g) and C (6.58 ± 0.82 mg/100 g). The EU-Sweetcorn QP composite was developed through marker-assisted backcross breeding using <i>umc1066</i> marker linked to <i>o2</i> mutant and selection of homozygous <i>sh2sh2</i> plants was done phenotypically at maturity. The EU-Sweetcorn QP composite developed for the first time in India has superior nutritional quality, e.g., high essential amino acids lysine and tryptophan and vitamins B1, B3 and C as estimated using RP-HPLC–PDA.</p>","PeriodicalId":9841,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Research Communications","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139481368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling stability in rice genotypes for resistance against leaffolder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) under varied environmental conditions","authors":"Anjan Kumar Nayak, Arundhati Sasmal, Prasanthi Golive, Soumya Shephalika Dash, K. Rajasekhara Rao, Shyamaranjan Das Mohapatra","doi":"10.1007/s42976-023-00484-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-023-00484-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rice, serving as a crucial staple food for more than half of the global population, confronts significant challenges from insect pests, particularly the rice leaf folder (<i>Cnaphalocrocis medinalis</i>), which leads to substantial yield losses. This study meticulously evaluates 94 rice landraces for leaffolder resistance under diverse environmental conditions usisng genotype × environment (G × E) interaction analysis. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model and genotype and genotype × environment interaction (GGE) biplot are employed to assess stability and resistance traits. The findings reveal that 44 genotypes demonstrate stable resistance across three test environments (<i>Kharif</i>, 2021, <i>Rabi</i>, 2021–2022 and <i>Kharif</i>, 2022). Resistance is primarily governed by genotypic factors (89.93%), with minimal influence from the environment (5.22%). The GGE biplot highlights distinct mega-environments, identifying <i>Kharif</i>, 2021, followed by <i>Kharif</i>, 2022, as the ideal test environments. This study identifies specific stable resistant genotypes that could prove valuable for sustainable pest management and contribute to further crop improvement programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9841,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Research Communications","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139462204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen use efficiency in modern wheat cultivars affected by sowing dates","authors":"Milan Mirosavljević, Tanja Dražić, Sanja Mikić, Vladimir Aćin, Bojan Jocković, Ljiljana Brbaklić, Goran Jaćimović","doi":"10.1007/s42976-023-00476-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-023-00476-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To enhance wheat productivity through advancements in crop production technology and breeding methodology, it is necessary to improve our understanding of the physiological processes associated with biomass accumulation, nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency. Therefore, a field trial with six winter wheat cultivars grown under conditions of four different sowing dates during two growing seasons was conducted to quantify the influence of cultivars and sowing date on variation in nitrogen use efficiency traits, biomass accumulation and nitrogen uptake, and their role in grain yield and nitrogen yield determination. Results showed that delaying sowing from October to November reduced grain yield by 1.49 t ha⁻¹ on average per sowing date, and also caused a reduction of 14.6 and 14.3 kg ha⁻¹ in nitrogen uptake at anthesis and maturity, respectively. Late sowing negatively impacted both grain yield and nitrogen grain yield in winter wheat cultivars, which was attributed to changes in biomass accumulation and nitrogen uptake at anthesis and maturity, as well as a decrease in nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen uptake efficiency. The decrease in nitrogen use efficiency under late sowing was primarily due to a decrease in nitrogen uptake efficiency, as the increase in nitrogen utilization efficiency could not compensate for the nitrogen uptake efficiency decrease. The study findings suggest that midearly cultivars produced the highest average grain under different sowing conditions, mainly due to greater biomass accumulation during the pre-anthesis period, which provided additional nitrogen storage capacity. Therefore, under conditions of the Pannonian Plain wheat producers should be focused on the medium early cultivars characterized by increased pre-anthesis biomass accumulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9841,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Research Communications","volume":"299 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139420812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing and assessing the wheat-aphid complex under varying temperature and humidity","authors":"Keerthana Alagesan, Keerthana Marri, M. P. Shireesh Kumar, Rajeev N. Bahuguna, Satish Kumar Singh, Dinesh Rai, Morthala Shankara Sai Reddy","doi":"10.1007/s42976-023-00479-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-023-00479-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are known for their remarkable adaptability and diversity, with most species richness found in temperate regions and worldwide distribution. Climate change is expected to affect aphid populations, especially their overwintering success. In this study, we aimed to investigate the diversity of wheat aphid populations and dynamics of overwintering success of aphids across early to late sown wheat. We employed both morphological and molecular techniques to distinguish and characterize six aphid species: <i>Rhopalosiphum maidis</i>, <i>Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis</i>, <i>Rhopalosiphum padi</i>, <i>Sitobion avenae</i>, <i>Schizaphis graminum</i>, and <i>Metopolophium dirhodum</i>. Among these, <i>Rhopalosiphum maidis</i> and <i>Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis</i> found to affect at the vegetative stage of the crop, while the other species were found to affect at the reproductive stage. Notably, we observed that aphid populations were more abundant on early-sown genotypes and decreased with normal and late sowing dates. The differences in peak aphid populations among different sowing dates revealed that delayed in sowing dates minimize aphid attack by producing asynchrony between host plant and the aphid population. Conversely, the environmental factors such as temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and bright sunshine hours varied across the sowing dates where early sown wheat genotypes are exposed to lower temperatures at vegetative stage and late sown genotypes are susceptible to higher temperatures at the terminal stage. These changes in environmental factors across different sowing dates affected the timing and duration of aphid life stages, including overwintering success. Nevertheless, understanding the diversity and distribution of aphid species in wheat crop and its response to different sowing dates could be crucial for developing effective pest management strategies, particularly in the context of climate change. Overall, this study highlights the need for ongoing aphid monitoring and adaptive management approaches that account for the dynamic interactions between pests, crops and the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9841,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Research Communications","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139063046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}