Cereal Research Communications最新文献

{"title":"Introgression of opaque2 allele into sweetcorn composite through marker-assisted selection","authors":"Pratibha Sharma, Vivek Sharma, Harcharan S. Dhaliwal, Rahul Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s42976-023-00483-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-023-00483-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) is the third most important staple cereal crop after wheat and rice, which is used for human consumption, biofuels, livestock feed and also as raw material in industry. It provides over 20% of total calories in human diet. The <i>sh2</i> mutant in supersweet corn composites and hybrids leads to enhanced sugar and vitamin B3 content in developing grains and reduction of starch content in mature grains. The deficiency of essential amino acids lysine and tryptophan in maize proteins has been significantly improved with the use of <i>opaque2</i> (<i>o2</i>) allele leading to the development of quality protein maize (QPM). In this study, the <i>opaque2</i> allele was pyramided in a sweet corn composite with <i>Shrunken 2</i> (<i>sh2</i>) allele to develop a sweet and quality protein maize composite with higher content of essential amino acids and vitamins. QPM inbred line VQL-2 was used as the donor parent for <i>o2</i> allele having higher value of lysine (3.64 ± 0.1 g/100 g), tryptophan (1.91 ± 0.01 g/100 g) and vitamin B3 (1.97 ± 0.02 mg/100 g) and the Punjab sweetcorn-1 as the recurrent parent having higher values of vitamin B1 (0.1 ± 0.01 mg/100 g) and C (6.58 ± 0.82 mg/100 g). The EU-Sweetcorn QP composite was developed through marker-assisted backcross breeding using <i>umc1066</i> marker linked to <i>o2</i> mutant and selection of homozygous <i>sh2sh2</i> plants was done phenotypically at maturity. The EU-Sweetcorn QP composite developed for the first time in India has superior nutritional quality, e.g., high essential amino acids lysine and tryptophan and vitamins B1, B3 and C as estimated using RP-HPLC–PDA.</p>","PeriodicalId":9841,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Research Communications","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139481368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling stability in rice genotypes for resistance against leaffolder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) under varied environmental conditions","authors":"Anjan Kumar Nayak, Arundhati Sasmal, Prasanthi Golive, Soumya Shephalika Dash, K. Rajasekhara Rao, Shyamaranjan Das Mohapatra","doi":"10.1007/s42976-023-00484-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-023-00484-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rice, serving as a crucial staple food for more than half of the global population, confronts significant challenges from insect pests, particularly the rice leaf folder (<i>Cnaphalocrocis medinalis</i>), which leads to substantial yield losses. This study meticulously evaluates 94 rice landraces for leaffolder resistance under diverse environmental conditions usisng genotype × environment (G × E) interaction analysis. The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model and genotype and genotype × environment interaction (GGE) biplot are employed to assess stability and resistance traits. The findings reveal that 44 genotypes demonstrate stable resistance across three test environments (<i>Kharif</i>, 2021, <i>Rabi</i>, 2021–2022 and <i>Kharif</i>, 2022). Resistance is primarily governed by genotypic factors (89.93%), with minimal influence from the environment (5.22%). The GGE biplot highlights distinct mega-environments, identifying <i>Kharif</i>, 2021, followed by <i>Kharif</i>, 2022, as the ideal test environments. This study identifies specific stable resistant genotypes that could prove valuable for sustainable pest management and contribute to further crop improvement programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9841,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Research Communications","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139462204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen use efficiency in modern wheat cultivars affected by sowing dates","authors":"Milan Mirosavljević, Tanja Dražić, Sanja Mikić, Vladimir Aćin, Bojan Jocković, Ljiljana Brbaklić, Goran Jaćimović","doi":"10.1007/s42976-023-00476-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-023-00476-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To enhance wheat productivity through advancements in crop production technology and breeding methodology, it is necessary to improve our understanding of the physiological processes associated with biomass accumulation, nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency. Therefore, a field trial with six winter wheat cultivars grown under conditions of four different sowing dates during two growing seasons was conducted to quantify the influence of cultivars and sowing date on variation in nitrogen use efficiency traits, biomass accumulation and nitrogen uptake, and their role in grain yield and nitrogen yield determination. Results showed that delaying sowing from October to November reduced grain yield by 1.49 t ha⁻¹ on average per sowing date, and also caused a reduction of 14.6 and 14.3 kg ha⁻¹ in nitrogen uptake at anthesis and maturity, respectively. Late sowing negatively impacted both grain yield and nitrogen grain yield in winter wheat cultivars, which was attributed to changes in biomass accumulation and nitrogen uptake at anthesis and maturity, as well as a decrease in nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen uptake efficiency. The decrease in nitrogen use efficiency under late sowing was primarily due to a decrease in nitrogen uptake efficiency, as the increase in nitrogen utilization efficiency could not compensate for the nitrogen uptake efficiency decrease. The study findings suggest that midearly cultivars produced the highest average grain under different sowing conditions, mainly due to greater biomass accumulation during the pre-anthesis period, which provided additional nitrogen storage capacity. Therefore, under conditions of the Pannonian Plain wheat producers should be focused on the medium early cultivars characterized by increased pre-anthesis biomass accumulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9841,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Research Communications","volume":"299 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139420812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing and assessing the wheat-aphid complex under varying temperature and humidity","authors":"Keerthana Alagesan, Keerthana Marri, M. P. Shireesh Kumar, Rajeev N. Bahuguna, Satish Kumar Singh, Dinesh Rai, Morthala Shankara Sai Reddy","doi":"10.1007/s42976-023-00479-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-023-00479-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are known for their remarkable adaptability and diversity, with most species richness found in temperate regions and worldwide distribution. Climate change is expected to affect aphid populations, especially their overwintering success. In this study, we aimed to investigate the diversity of wheat aphid populations and dynamics of overwintering success of aphids across early to late sown wheat. We employed both morphological and molecular techniques to distinguish and characterize six aphid species: <i>Rhopalosiphum maidis</i>, <i>Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis</i>, <i>Rhopalosiphum padi</i>, <i>Sitobion avenae</i>, <i>Schizaphis graminum</i>, and <i>Metopolophium dirhodum</i>. Among these, <i>Rhopalosiphum maidis</i> and <i>Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis</i> found to affect at the vegetative stage of the crop, while the other species were found to affect at the reproductive stage. Notably, we observed that aphid populations were more abundant on early-sown genotypes and decreased with normal and late sowing dates. The differences in peak aphid populations among different sowing dates revealed that delayed in sowing dates minimize aphid attack by producing asynchrony between host plant and the aphid population. Conversely, the environmental factors such as temperature, relative humidity, rainfall and bright sunshine hours varied across the sowing dates where early sown wheat genotypes are exposed to lower temperatures at vegetative stage and late sown genotypes are susceptible to higher temperatures at the terminal stage. These changes in environmental factors across different sowing dates affected the timing and duration of aphid life stages, including overwintering success. Nevertheless, understanding the diversity and distribution of aphid species in wheat crop and its response to different sowing dates could be crucial for developing effective pest management strategies, particularly in the context of climate change. Overall, this study highlights the need for ongoing aphid monitoring and adaptive management approaches that account for the dynamic interactions between pests, crops and the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9841,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Research Communications","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139063046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wheat cultivars responses to drought stress and atmospheric CO2 concentration variability","authors":"Sh. Samieadel, H. R. Eshghizadeh, A. Nematpour, M. M. Majidi","doi":"10.1007/s42976-023-00474-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-023-00474-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The objective of this study was to assess the growth and biochemical responses of 23 wheat cultivars to different soil moisture levels (40% and 75% depletion of available soil water) and atmospheric CO₂ concentrations (400 ± 50 and 700 ± 50 μmol mol⁻¹). The findings showed that water scarcity stress lowered grain weight and shoot dry weight (ShDW) by decreasing leaf area (LA), Fv/Fm, chlorophyll, and carotenoid content, while increasing catalase activity (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase activity (APX), guaiacol peroxidase activity (GPX), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging capacity (DPPH), and leaf proline content (LPC). The effect of water deficit on the measured traits varied depending on the CO₂ concentration. On average, the effect of water deficit stress on decreasing grain weight and LA, and increasing root dry weight (RDW), APX, LPC, and DPPH under ambient CO₂ was greater than under elevated CO₂. Furthermore, the impact of elevated CO₂ on the studied traits was dependent on the soil moisture profile. Its effect on increasing ShDW and RDW was greater under control conditions, while its effect on decreasing APX, DPPH, Chla, Chlb, and Car content was greater under water deficit conditions. The effects of water stress and elevated CO₂ were also found to be cultivar-specific. Principal component analysis revealed relationship among genotypes and traits. In summary, selecting wheat cultivars should be done separately for different CO₂ and water conditions due to their varied responses. Cultivars #22 (Hidhab) and #16 (Sistan) perform well under ambient CO₂ and control soil moisture, while #22 (Hidhab) and #5 (Karaj) show potential for adapting to different CO₂ and soil moisture levels, resulting in significant grain weight. These cultivars hold promise for future research studies. Consequently, it is critical to consider atmospheric CO₂ levels when designing breeding and yield improvement programs for wheat cultivars under changing climate conditions, as it affects their drought tolerance traits.</p>","PeriodicalId":9841,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Research Communications","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139028457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of nitrogen fertilization on nitrogen metabolism and grain protein in premium-tasty japonica rice","authors":"Yunsheng Song, Minghui Dong, Yajie Hu, Linlin Shi, Junrong Gu, Yuxuan Wang, Shikun Wang, Penghui Cao, Yajie Yu, Yongliang Zhu, Yulin Xie, Zhongying Qiao, Caiyong Yuan, Fei Chen","doi":"10.1007/s42976-023-00480-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-023-00480-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Premium-tasty japonica rice, distinguished by its unique flavor and enriched nutritional value, has attracted significant attention across Asia. Nitrogen metabolism plays a crucial role in determining the growth, development, and quality of rice grains. This study investigates the effects of nitrogen application rates on the enzymatic activities related to nitrogen metabolism, nitrogen metabolites, and grain protein content in the premium-tasty japonica rice variety, Suxiangjing 100. Using a range of nitrogen application rates (0, 80, 160, 240, 320, and 400 kg per hectare), comprehensive analyses were conducted across various developmental stages. Results indicate that as nitrogen application increased, there were distinct patterns in the enzyme activities and metabolite concentrations related to nitrogen metabolism in the leaves of premium-tasty japonica rice. The activities of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) peaked at moderate nitrogen applications, while excessive nitrogen led to a decrease in their activities. The activity of Glutamate Dehydrogenase (GDH) generally increased, but showed a decline after the filling stage. With increasing nitrogen application, the concentrations of nitrate nitrogen (NO₃–N), ammonium nitrogen (NH₄–N), free amino acids (FAA), and soluble proteins (SP) initially rose but declined at excessive application rates. The grain protein content increased, with levels of prolamin, glutelin, and globulin peaking at nitrogen applications of 240 kg/ha and 320 kg/ha, while changes in albumin levels were minimal. This study not only provides novel insights into the role of nitrogen in shaping the growth and quality of premium-tasty japonica rice, but also suggests refined nitrogen management strategies for sustainable agricultural practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":9841,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Research Communications","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139028453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving durum wheat germination: exploring the effects of ultrasound and pulsed electric field","authors":"May Chenah, Fatma Zohra Bouras, Djahida Belaloui, Meriem Laouar, Malek Amiali","doi":"10.1007/s42976-023-00477-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-023-00477-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wheat is an important crop for global food security and the key to its production is germination. The germination is a laborious and long process susceptible to be altered by biotic and abiotic factors therefore innovative technologies can be used to improve seeds’ germination behavior. The objective of this study was to assess the germination of two varieties of durum wheat, Simeto and Chen's, subjected to two physical treatments: ultrasound (US) and pulsed electric field (PEF). The germination parameters studied were germination kinetic, precocity of germination (PG), final germination rate (FGR), germination speed (GS) and germ's length (LG). The seeds were exposed to ultrasound at frequencies of 20, 30 and 40 kHz for 20, 40 and 60 min, as well as to a pulsed electric field of intensity 350 V/cm, 700 V/cm, 2 kV/cm and 4 kV/cm with 10, 50 and 100 pulses (P). The results show that an optimal treatment with ultrasound is obtained at 40 kHz/20 min, giving an earliness of 80% and a final germination rate of 96.66% obtained at 30 kHz/20 min and 40 kHz/40 min for Simeo variety. For PEF, the final germination rate of 86.66% is obtained with treatment at 700 V/cm 50 pulses, while the best germination speed of 0.47 is obtained with 4 kV/cm 10 pulses for the Chen's variety. These results indicate that ultrasonic exposure of durum wheat affects germination precocity and speed, while PEF had a significant effect on germ's length.</p>","PeriodicalId":9841,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Research Communications","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138819075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marker-assisted development of wheat lines of the winter cultivar Bezostaya 1 and the effects of interaction between alleles of Vrn-A1L and Vrn-B1 loci on heading time","authors":"Evgeniya Chumanova, Tatyana Efremova","doi":"10.1007/s42976-023-00478-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-023-00478-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The main genetic factor which initiates the flowering is the <i>Vrn</i> gene system, which determines the rate of many of the plant’s growth and development processes. Introgression of new <i>Vrn</i> gene alleles from its relatives into bread wheat makes it possible to increase genetic variables connected to the duration of the growing season parameters and individual developmental phases. Two lines of the winter cultivar of bread wheat Bezostaya 1 (Bez1) with a combination of the dominant alleles <i>Vrn-A1L Vrn-B1a</i> and <i>Vrn-A1L Vrn-B1c</i> were created which included the introgression of the <i>Vrn-A1L</i> (or <i>Vrn-A1c</i> Langdon-type deletion) allele from <i>Triticum petropavlovskyi</i> Udacz. et Migusch. (or <i>T. aestivum</i> ssp. <i>petropavlovskyi</i> (Udacz. et Migusch.) N.P. Gontsch). Homozygous lines were isolated from F₃ hybrids by using marker-assisted selection. This lines matured earlier in relation to the original near-isogenic lines which contained the <i>Vrn-A1L, Vrn-B1a,</i> and <i>Vrn-B1c</i> alleles. The Bez1 <i>Vrn-A1L Vrn-B1c</i> line had a shorter germination-first node and germination-heading periods compared to Bez1 <i>Vrn-A1L Vrn-B1a</i>, practically showing no difference, in terms of heading, with the early-maturing line i:Bez1 <i>Vrn-A1a</i>. In the current paper the results of research into the productivity of the lines using different combinations of <i>VRN-1</i> alleles are presented. Thus, the obtained results indicate the possibility of using the <i>Vrn-A1L</i> allele carrying out modification for earlier maturity arising as a result of combinations with other dominant <i>Vrn-B1</i> alleles.</p>","PeriodicalId":9841,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Research Communications","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138716185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of maize inbred lines using principal component and cluster analysis for heat tolerance at the seedling stage under in vitro conditions","authors":"Japneet Kaur, Navita Ghai, Gagandeep Kaur Chahal, Surinder Sandhu","doi":"10.1007/s42976-023-00468-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-023-00468-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Heat stress faced by the crop plants at seedling stage hinders its growth and if faced at reproductive stage affects crop production. Globally, maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) loses a substantial amount of its production due to very high temperatures at anthesis stage during spring season. So, development of heat tolerant maize cultivars is important for maize breeders. The ability of a plant to tolerate heat stress at seedling and reproductive stage is linked with each other and screening at the seedling stage could accelerate the selection process. In the present study, 50 maize inbred lines were screened for heat tolerance at seedling stage under in vitro conditions. Our results showed that parameters such as root length (RL), shoot length (SL), shoot fresh weight (SFW), shoot dry weight (SDW), root fresh weight (RFW), root dry weight (RDW), leaf area (LA), leaf fresh weight (LFW), leaf dry weight (LDW), relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI) and total chlorophyll (TCHL) showed a significant decrease under heat stress (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Further, morpho-physiological traits were delineated by principal component analysis (PCA). Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was done with the objective to characterize the maize inbred lines based on their response under heat stress. Among the four column clusters, column cluster I showed highest mean values for maximum traits, i.e., RL (16.45 cm), RFW (0.27 g), SL (28.42 cm), SFW (0.74 g), SDW (63.03 mg), LFW (0.16 g), LDW (20 mg) and RWC (48.63%), suggesting that these traits were superior over other traits and inbred lines falling in this cluster would be selected directly on the basis of these traits. The heat tolerance index (HTI) of all the inbred lines based on individual traits was calculated and inbred lines were ranked accordingly. The top five inbred lines: LM22, CML579, LM13, LM16 and RIL 33 performed best under heat stress as they had high heat tolerance index value. The results obtained by PCA and HCA were in accordance with those obtained on the basis of HTI. Our study identified heat tolerant inbred lines of different heterotic pools which, after field validation, can be used for development of heat tolerant maize hybrids.</p>","PeriodicalId":9841,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Research Communications","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138684530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome wide association study of Ethiopian barley for terminal drought stress tolerance under field and climate chamber conditions","authors":"Surafel Shibru Teklemariam, Kefyalew Negisho Bayissa, Andrea Matros, Klaus Pillen, Frank Ordon, Gwendolin Wehner","doi":"10.1007/s42976-023-00472-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-023-00472-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In order to detect markers for drought stress tolerance, field experiments in Ethiopia were conducted for three years at two naturally drought-prone locations and two optimum moisture locations using 239 Ethiopian barley landraces and 21 barley breeding lines. Furthermore, a climate chamber experiment applying drought stress at different water regimes (70% soil water capacity (WC) for control and 20% WC for drought stress conditions) after flowering was conducted for selected 196 accessions. Results revealed reduced grain biomass by 47% and 80% under field and climate chamber conditions, respectively, as well as significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) reduced days to maturity and plant height, in both experimental designs. Based on 10,644 SNP markers, GWAS was conducted to identify marker trait associations (MTA) for drought stress tolerance. For days to maturity, relative chlorophyll content, plant height, number of seeds per spike, thousand kernel weight, and harvest index under field and climate chamber drought stress treatments, 58 significant MTAs were identified. In total, 41.4% of the MTAs were located on chromosome 2H, of which one is very close to the <i>Ppd-H1</i> flowering locus. These findings underpin the importance of this genome region for drought tolerance. Another MTA on chromosome 1H was detected for days to maturity under field drought stress treatment in the vicinity of the known flowering time <i>ELF3</i> gene. Additionally, 13 and 3 Ethiopian landraces that tolerate severe and moderate drought stress in climate chamber and field experiments were identified, respectively, using drought indices. The results highlight the tolerance of Ethiopian landraces to different levels of drought stress as well as their potential to be considered in future barley improvement programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":9841,"journal":{"name":"Cereal Research Communications","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138574972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}