Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY)最新文献_第3页

Concomitant Processing of Choice and Outcome in Frontal Corticostriatal Ensembles Correlates with Performance of Rats 额皮质纹状体组合中选择和结果的伴随加工与大鼠的表现相关

Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY) Pub Date : 2020-05-02 DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.01.071852

T. Handa, Rie Harukuni, T. Fukai

引用次数: 3

Ketamine Restores Thalamic-Prefrontal Cortex Functional Connectivity in a Mouse Model of Neurodevelopmental Disorder-Associated 2p16.3 Deletion. 氯胺酮在神经发育障碍相关2p16.3缺失小鼠模型中恢复丘脑-前额叶皮质功能连接

Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY) Pub Date : 2020-04-14 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz244

Rebecca B Hughes, Jayde Whittingham-Dowd, Rachel E Simmons, Steven J Clapcote, Susan J Broughton, Neil Dawson

{"title":"Ketamine Restores Thalamic-Prefrontal Cortex Functional Connectivity in a Mouse Model of Neurodevelopmental Disorder-Associated 2p16.3 Deletion.","authors":"Rebecca B Hughes, Jayde Whittingham-Dowd, Rachel E Simmons, Steven J Clapcote, Susan J Broughton, Neil Dawson","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhz244","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhz244","url":null,"abstract":"2p16.3 deletions, involving heterozygous NEUREXIN1 (NRXN1) deletion, dramatically increase the risk of developing neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism and schizophrenia. We have little understanding of how NRXN1 heterozygosity increases the risk of developing these disorders, particularly in terms of the impact on brain and neurotransmitter system function and brain network connectivity. Thus, here we characterize cerebral metabolism and functional brain network connectivity in Nrxn1α heterozygous mice (Nrxn1α+/- mice), and assess the impact of ketamine and dextro-amphetamine on cerebral metabolism in these animals. We show that heterozygous Nrxn1α deletion alters cerebral metabolism in neural systems implicated in autism and schizophrenia including the thalamus, mesolimbic system, and select cortical regions. Nrxn1α heterozygosity also reduces the efficiency of functional brain networks, through lost thalamic \"rich club\" and prefrontal cortex (PFC) hub connectivity and through reduced thalamic-PFC and thalamic \"rich club\" regional interconnectivity. Subanesthetic ketamine administration normalizes the thalamic hypermetabolism and partially normalizes thalamic disconnectivity present in Nrxn1α+/- mice, while cerebral metabolic responses to dextro-amphetamine are unaltered. The data provide new insight into the systems-level impact of heterozygous Nrxn1α deletion and how this increases the risk of developing neurodevelopmental disorders. The data also suggest that the thalamic dysfunction induced by heterozygous Nrxn1α deletion may be NMDA receptor-dependent.","PeriodicalId":9825,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY)","volume":"80 1","pages":"2358-2371"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7175007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81559490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dissociable and Paradoxical Roles of Rat Medial and Lateral Orbitofrontal Cortex in Visual Serial Reversal Learning. 大鼠眶额皮层内侧和外侧在视觉序列反转学习中的分离和矛盾作用。

Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY) Pub Date : 2020-03-14 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz144

M E Hervig, L Fiddian, L Piilgaard, T Božič, M Blanco-Pozo, C Knudsen, S F Olesen, J Alsiö, T W Robbins

{"title":"Dissociable and Paradoxical Roles of Rat Medial and Lateral Orbitofrontal Cortex in Visual Serial Reversal Learning.","authors":"M E Hervig, L Fiddian, L Piilgaard, T Božič, M Blanco-Pozo, C Knudsen, S F Olesen, J Alsiö, T W Robbins","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhz144","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhz144","url":null,"abstract":"Much evidence suggests that reversal learning is mediated by cortico-striatal circuitries with the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) playing a prominent role. The OFC is a functionally heterogeneous region, but potential differential roles of lateral (lOFC) and medial (mOFC) portions in visual reversal learning have yet to be determined. We investigated the effects of pharmacological inactivation of mOFC and lOFC on a deterministic serial visual reversal learning task for rats. For reference, we also targeted other areas previously implicated in reversal learning: prelimbic (PrL) and infralimbic (IL) prefrontal cortex, and basolateral amygdala (BLA). Inactivating mOFC and lOFC produced opposite effects; lOFC impairing, and mOFC improving, performance in the early, perseverative phase specifically. Additionally, mOFC inactivation enhanced negative feedback sensitivity, while lOFC inactivation diminished feedback sensitivity in general. mOFC and lOFC inactivation also affected novel visual discrimination learning differently; lOFC inactivation paradoxically improved learning, and mOFC inactivation had no effect. We also observed dissociable roles of the OFC and the IL/PrL. Whereas the OFC inactivation affected only perseveration, IL/PrL inactivation improved learning overall. BLA inactivation did not affect perseveration, but improved the late phase of reversal learning. These results support opponent roles of the rodent mOFC and lOFC in deterministic visual reversal learning.","PeriodicalId":9825,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY)","volume":"58 1","pages":"1016-1029"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7132932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81436703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Selective Inactivation of Reelin in Inhibitory Interneurons Leads to Subtle Changes in the Dentate Gyrus But Leaves Cortical Layering and Behavior Unaffected. 抑制性中间神经元中的Reelin选择性失活导致齿状回的细微变化，但皮质分层和行为不受影响。

Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY) Pub Date : 2020-03-14 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz196

Jasmine Pahle, Mary Muhia, Robin J Wagener, Anja Tippmann, Hans H Bock, Janice Graw, Joachim Herz, Jochen F Staiger, Alexander Drakew, Matthias Kneussel, Gabriele M Rune, Michael Frotscher, Bianka Brunne

{"title":"Selective Inactivation of Reelin in Inhibitory Interneurons Leads to Subtle Changes in the Dentate Gyrus But Leaves Cortical Layering and Behavior Unaffected.","authors":"Jasmine Pahle, Mary Muhia, Robin J Wagener, Anja Tippmann, Hans H Bock, Janice Graw, Joachim Herz, Jochen F Staiger, Alexander Drakew, Matthias Kneussel, Gabriele M Rune, Michael Frotscher, Bianka Brunne","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhz196","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhz196","url":null,"abstract":"Reelin is an extracellular matrix protein, known for its dual role in neuronal migration during brain development and in synaptic plasticity at adult stages. During the perinatal phase, Reelin expression switches from Cajal-Retzius (CR) cells, its main source before birth, to inhibitory interneurons (IN), the main source of Reelin in the adult forebrain. IN-derived Reelin has been associated with schizophrenia and temporal lobe epilepsy; however, the functional role of Reelin from INs is presently unclear. In this study, we used conditional knockout mice, which lack Reelin expression specifically in inhibitory INs, leading to a substantial reduction in total Reelin expression in the neocortex and dentate gyrus. Our results show that IN-specific Reelin knockout mice exhibit normal neuronal layering and normal behavior, including spatial reference memory. Although INs are the major source of Reelin within the adult stem cell niche, Reelin from INs does not contribute substantially to normal adult neurogenesis. While a closer look at the dentate gyrus revealed some unexpected alterations at the cellular level, including an increase in the number of Reelin expressing CR cells, overall our data suggest that Reelin derived from INs is less critical for cortex development and function than Reelin expressed by CR cells.","PeriodicalId":9825,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY)","volume":"9 1","pages":"1688-1707"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7132935/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77687596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Viewing Pictures Triggers Rapid Morphological Enlargement in the Human Visual Cortex. 观看图片触发人类视觉皮层的快速形态扩大。

Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY) Pub Date : 2020-03-14 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz131

Kristoffer N T Månsson, Diana S Cortes, Amir Manzouri, Tie-Qiang Li, Stephan Hau, Håkan Fischer

{"title":"Viewing Pictures Triggers Rapid Morphological Enlargement in the Human Visual Cortex.","authors":"Kristoffer N T Månsson, Diana S Cortes, Amir Manzouri, Tie-Qiang Li, Stephan Hau, Håkan Fischer","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhz131","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhz131","url":null,"abstract":"Measuring brain morphology with non-invasive structural magnetic resonance imaging is common practice, and can be used to investigate neuroplasticity. Brain morphology changes have been reported over the course of weeks, days, and hours in both animals and humans. If such short-term changes occur even faster, rapid morphological changes while being scanned could have important implications. In a randomized within-subject study on 47 healthy individuals, two high-resolution T1-weighted anatomical images were acquired (á 263 s) per individual. The images were acquired during passive viewing of pictures or a fixation cross. Two common pipelines for analyzing brain images were used: voxel-based morphometry on gray matter (GM) volume and surface-based cortical thickness. We found that the measures of both GM volume and cortical thickness showed increases in the visual cortex while viewing pictures relative to a fixation cross. The increase was distributed across the two hemispheres and significant at a corrected level. Thus, brain morphology enlargements were detected in less than 263 s. Neuroplasticity is a far more dynamic process than previously shown, suggesting that individuals' current mental state affects indices of brain morphology. This needs to be taken into account in future morphology studies and in everyday clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":9825,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY)","volume":"29 1","pages":"851-857"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7132946/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90378811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sex Matters: A Multivariate Pattern Analysis of Sex- and Gender-Related Neuroanatomical Differences in Cis- and Transgender Individuals Using Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging. 性别问题：使用结构磁共振成像对顺式和跨性别个体中与性别和性别相关的神经解剖学差异的多变量模式分析。

Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY) Pub Date : 2020-03-14 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz170

Pia Baldinger-Melich, Maria F Urquijo Castro, René Seiger, Anne Ruef, Dominic B Dwyer, Georg S Kranz, Manfred Klöbl, Joseph Kambeitz, Ulrike Kaufmann, Christian Windischberger, Siegfried Kasper, Peter Falkai, Rupert Lanzenberger, Nikolaos Koutsouleris

{"title":"Sex Matters: A Multivariate Pattern Analysis of Sex- and Gender-Related Neuroanatomical Differences in Cis- and Transgender Individuals Using Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging.","authors":"Pia Baldinger-Melich, Maria F Urquijo Castro, René Seiger, Anne Ruef, Dominic B Dwyer, Georg S Kranz, Manfred Klöbl, Joseph Kambeitz, Ulrike Kaufmann, Christian Windischberger, Siegfried Kasper, Peter Falkai, Rupert Lanzenberger, Nikolaos Koutsouleris","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhz170","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhz170","url":null,"abstract":"Univariate analyses of structural neuroimaging data have produced heterogeneous results regarding anatomical sex- and gender-related differences. The current study aimed at delineating and cross-validating brain volumetric surrogates of sex and gender by comparing the structural magnetic resonance imaging data of cis- and transgender subjects using multivariate pattern analysis. Gray matter (GM) tissue maps of 29 transgender men, 23 transgender women, 35 cisgender women, and 34 cisgender men were created using voxel-based morphometry and analyzed using support vector classification. Generalizability of the models was estimated using repeated nested cross-validation. For external validation, significant models were applied to hormone-treated transgender subjects (n = 32) and individuals diagnosed with depression (n = 27). Sex was identified with a balanced accuracy (BAC) of 82.6% (false discovery rate [pFDR] < 0.001) in cisgender, but only with 67.5% (pFDR = 0.04) in transgender participants indicating differences in the neuroanatomical patterns associated with sex in transgender despite the major effect of sex on GM volume irrespective of the self-identification as a woman or man. Gender identity and gender incongruence could not be reliably identified (all pFDR > 0.05). The neuroanatomical signature of sex in cisgender did not interact with depressive features (BAC = 74.7%) but was affected by hormone therapy when applied in transgender women (P < 0.001).","PeriodicalId":9825,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY)","volume":"1 1","pages":"1345-1356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7132951/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75416174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Attentional Modulation of Vision Versus Proprioception During Action. 动作过程中视觉与本体感觉的注意调节。

Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY) Pub Date : 2020-03-14 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz192

Jakub Limanowski, Karl Friston

{"title":"Attentional Modulation of Vision Versus Proprioception During Action.","authors":"Jakub Limanowski, Karl Friston","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhz192","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhz192","url":null,"abstract":"To control our actions efficiently, our brain represents our body based on a combination of visual and proprioceptive cues, weighted according to how (un)reliable-how precise-each respective modality is in a given context. However, perceptual experiments in other modalities suggest that the weights assigned to sensory cues are also modulated \"top-down\" by attention. Here, we asked whether during action, attention can likewise modulate the weights (i.e., precision) assigned to visual versus proprioceptive information about body position. Participants controlled a virtual hand (VH) via a data glove, matching either the VH or their (unseen) real hand (RH) movements to a target, and thus adopting a ``visual'' or ``proprioceptive'' attentional set, under varying levels of visuo-proprioceptive congruence and visibility. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) revealed increased activation of the multisensory superior parietal lobe (SPL) during the VH task and increased activation of the secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) during the RH task. Dynamic causal modeling (DCM) showed that these activity changes were the result of selective, diametrical gain modulations in the primary visual cortex (V1) and the S2. These results suggest that endogenous attention can balance the gain of visual versus proprioceptive brain areas, thus contextualizing their influence on multisensory areas representing the body for action.","PeriodicalId":9825,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY)","volume":"2015 1","pages":"1637-1648"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7132949/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88916626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Creative Destruction: A Basic Computational Model of Cortical Layer Formation 创造性破坏:皮质层形成的基本计算模型

Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY) Pub Date : 2020-01-29 DOI: 10.1101/2020.01.29.921999

R. Bauer, G. Clowry, Marcus Kaiser

引用次数: 6

Hierarchical Complexity of the Macro-Scale Neonatal Brain 宏观新生儿大脑的层次复杂性

Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY) Pub Date : 2020-01-17 DOI: 10.1101/2020.01.16.909150

M. Blesa, P. Galdi, S. Cox, G. Sullivan, D. Stoye, G. Lamb, A. Quigley, M. Thrippleton, J. Escudero, M. Bastin, Keith M. Smith, J. Boardman

{"title":"Hierarchical Complexity of the Macro-Scale Neonatal Brain","authors":"M. Blesa, P. Galdi, S. Cox, G. Sullivan, D. Stoye, G. Lamb, A. Quigley, M. Thrippleton, J. Escudero, M. Bastin, Keith M. Smith, J. Boardman","doi":"10.1101/2020.01.16.909150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.01.16.909150","url":null,"abstract":"The human adult structural connectome has a rich nodal hierarchy, with highly diverse connectivity patterns aligned to the diverse range of functional specializations in the brain. The emergence of this hierarchical complexity in human development is unknown. Here, we substantiate the hierarchical tiers and hierarchical complexity of brain networks in the newborn period; assess correspondences with hierarchical complexity in adulthood; and investigate the effect of preterm birth, a leading cause of atypical brain development and later neurocognitive impairment, on hierarchical complexity. We report that neonatal and adult structural connectomes are both composed of distinct hierarchical tiers, and that hierarchical complexity is greater in term born neonates than in preterms. This is due to diversity of connectivity patterns of regions within the intermediate tiers, which consist of regions that underlie sensorimotor processing and its integration with cognitive information. For neonates and adults, the highest tier (hub regions) is ordered, rather than complex, with more homogeneous connectivity patterns in structural hubs. This suggests that the brain develops first a more rigid structure in hub regions allowing for the development of greater and more diverse functional specialization in lower level regions, while connectivity underpinning this diversity is dysmature in infants born preterm.","PeriodicalId":9825,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY)","volume":"65 1","pages":"2071 - 2084"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87165166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

The Graded Change in Connectivity across the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Reveals Distinct Subregions. 腹内侧前额叶皮层连通性的分级变化揭示了不同的亚区。

Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY) Pub Date : 2020-01-10 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz079

Rebecca L Jackson, Claude J Bajada, Matthew A Lambon Ralph, Lauren L Cloutman

{"title":"The Graded Change in Connectivity across the Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Reveals Distinct Subregions.","authors":"Rebecca L Jackson, Claude J Bajada, Matthew A Lambon Ralph, Lauren L Cloutman","doi":"10.1093/cercor/bhz079","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cercor/bhz079","url":null,"abstract":"The functional heterogeneity of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) suggests it may include distinct functional subregions. To date these have not been well elucidated. Regions with differentiable connectivity (and as a result likely dissociable functions) may be identified using emergent data-driven approaches. However, prior parcellations of the vmPFC have only considered hard splits between distinct regions, although both hard and graded connectivity changes may exist. Here we determine the full pattern of change in structural and functional connectivity across the vmPFC for the first time and extract core distinct regions. Both structural and functional connectivity varied along a dorsomedial to ventrolateral axis from relatively dorsal medial wall regions to relatively lateral basal orbitofrontal cortex. The pattern of connectivity shifted from default mode network to sensorimotor and multimodal semantic connections. This finding extends the classical distinction between primate medial and orbital regions by demonstrating a similar gradient in humans for the first time. Additionally, core distinct regions in the medial wall and orbitofrontal cortex were identified that may show greater correspondence to functional differences than prior hard parcellations. The possible functional roles of the orbitofrontal cortex and medial wall are discussed.","PeriodicalId":9825,"journal":{"name":"Cerebral Cortex (New York, NY)","volume":"17 1","pages":"165-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7029692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77789608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0