Central European journal of public health最新文献

{"title":"The COVID-19 frontiers - sink or swim.","authors":"Anasuya Guha, Pavel Kraml, Martin Chovanec, Jakub Bala, Jan Plzák, Petr Schalek","doi":"10.21101/cejph.a7549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21101/cejph.a7549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this study is to address issues faced by doctors working in the COVID-19 units during the second phase of COVID-19 in the Czech Republic, when the country registered the highest per capita rate of new COVID-19 cases in the world.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective study was designed using Google online questionnaire. Inclusion criteria were doctors from medical and surgical specialties working in COVID-19 units. The Czech Medical Association was approached in obtaining permission and helping us distribute the questionnaire with an introductory message with the aims of the study via email to the chairpersons of 18 medical and surgical Czech Societies and their respective members. The online questionnaire link was active for 31 days. Completion of a questionnaire implied consent to participate. Data was collected from the completed responses and statistical analysis was done.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifteen out of eighteen invited Societies participated in the study. Out of all the transferred or volunteering doctors at the COVID units, 47.6% were from 9 medical specialties and 52.4% from 6 surgical units. The highest transfers were seen amongst male surgeons with 21 to 35 years of work experience, whilst the youngest group of doctors made the highest contribution. There was no statistical significance between the effects of COVID-19 and gender. Despite adequate medical provisions, 42% of all doctors had issues with procedural diagnostic methods, 40% tested positive for COVID-19 and 31% reported staff reduction leading to diminished patients' admissions and compromised care. Doctors from surgical departments experienced more difficulties in working in COVID-19 units. Furthermore, on contraction of COVID-19, 114 doctors asserted a lack of support and another 26% were unaware of any services.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our survey reiterates the relationship between factors related to occupational health and safety, standards of patient care and possibility of medicolegal consequences with the continuing COVID-19 pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":9823,"journal":{"name":"Central European journal of public health","volume":"31 3","pages":"171-177"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71478570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smoking prevention that increases tax revenue: tobacco taxes in the Czech Republic 2004-2020.","authors":"Kamila Zvolská, Hana Ross, Eva Králíková","doi":"10.21101/cejph.a7507","DOIUrl":"10.21101/cejph.a7507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Increasing tobacco excise tax is one of the most effective smoking-prevention tools. The aim of the study is to assess the use of this tool in the Czech Republic (CR) by studying trends in cigarette taxes, prices, tax revenue, and the affordability of cigarettes in the CR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on cigarette consumption, their tax rates, price, and tax revenue in the CR for 2004-2020 come from multiple sources. We used the consumer price index to convert nominal values to real values. Given an average daily consumption of 12.7 cigarettes per smoker, the affordability of cigarettes was measured as a percentage of the average monthly wage needed to buy 19 cigarette packs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Despite recent increases in excise taxes, cigarettes in the CR are becoming more affordable. We found that the affordability of cigarettes was greater in 2020 than in 2008. The values of both the specific and the minimum excise taxes are currently being eroded by inflation. Cigarette consumption has declined from 2015 to 2020, and the government still received a bit more excise tax revenue due to its earlier tax policy. However, if taxes are not increased further, the revenue will start to decline.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the trend of increasing tobacco taxes in the CR, both the affordability of cigarettes and their use are still high in the country. This means that the CR is not using tax policy effectively enough to reduce smoking prevalence. It needs a substantial and sudden tax increase, in addition to the currently planned tax increases, to reduce smoking prevalence and lower the burden of tobacco use in the economy. Such a move would not only improve public health in the CR, but also increase government revenue.</p>","PeriodicalId":9823,"journal":{"name":"Central European journal of public health","volume":"31 2","pages":"83-89"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9824341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paediatric hospital visit with laboratory-confirmed influenza improved family members' influenza vaccination.","authors":"Hussein Zaitoon,&nbsp;Sarah Cohen,&nbsp;Dana Lahoud,&nbsp;Isaac Srugo,&nbsp;Irina Chistyakov,&nbsp;Ellen Bamberger","doi":"10.21101/cejph.a7468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21101/cejph.a7468","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Vaccination is the primary intervention to prevent influenza infection, yet vaccine uptake remains low among children and other at-risk patients. The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of a paediatric hospital visit with laboratory-confirmed influenza on the influenza vaccination behaviour of participants and their family members in the subsequent influenza season.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study compared the influenza vaccination coverage for participants < 18 years of age with a clinical suspicion of influenza in 2017-2018 during a hospital visit, in two subsequent influenza seasons. Data was retrieved from the hospital electronic medical record and a follow-up questionnaire (2018-2019) to ascertain the common reason(s) that families did not vaccinate their children the following year (2018-2019). The children were distributed into positive- (antigen and/or PCR) and negative-influenza groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 133 children were enrolled in our study. Participants' mean age was 4.6 years and 74 (55.6%) were males. Overall, 47 (35.3%) had confirmed influenza virus. A significant increase in influenza immunization was found among both positive- and negative-influenza participants between 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 (6.4% vs. 27.7%, p < 0.001; 8.1% vs. 29.1%, p < 0.001, respectively), as well as among family members of positive-influenza participants - siblings and parents (6.4% vs. 19.6%, p = 0.003; 0% vs. 17%, p < 0.001, respectively). Common reasons for failure to vaccinate included doubt in vaccine effectiveness, unlikely to get \"flu\", busy, and side effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that a paediatric hospital visit with laboratory-confirmed influenza increases vaccine uptake among families. Future studies should aim to evaluate evidence-based interventions to improve influenza vaccine uptake among children.</p>","PeriodicalId":9823,"journal":{"name":"Central European journal of public health","volume":"31 2","pages":"97-102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9824340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary habits and dietary nutrient intake in patients with age-related macular degeneration: A case-control study.","authors":"Jana Šalková Kráľová,&nbsp;Petr Kolář,&nbsp;Zlata Kapounová,&nbsp;Petr Veselý,&nbsp;Zuzana Derflerová Brázdová","doi":"10.21101/cejph.a7617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21101/cejph.a7617","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness among older adults in developed countries. Although many risk factors are known, the pathogenesis of AMD is still unclear. However, oxidative stress probably plays a vital role in the process of AMD. The increasing prevalence of AMD, risk of vision loss, limited treatment of dry form, expensive treatment of wet form, and decreased quality of life are factors that lead to considering modifiable risk factors of AMD, such as nutrition. This is the first study describing the relationship between dietary habits, dietary nutrient intake and AMD in the Czech Republic.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In this research, a total of 93 cases with AMD and 58 controls without AMD and cataracts participated. All participants were ophthalmologically examined at the Clinic of Eye Treatments at the University Hospital Brno. Data were collected using a pre-tested self-report questionnaire in a face-to-face interview. Food consumption frequency was assessed by an 18-item semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Dietary nutrient intakes were calculated from a 24-hour recall.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Patients with AMD compared with controls had significantly higher consumption of legumes and lower consumption of meat products, salt and salty products. In men, we found statistically significant differences in alcohol consumption. The case group consumed alcoholic beverages more frequently (median: 2 times a week) than the control group (median: 1-3 times a month). No differences in alcohol consumption were found in women. In comparison to the case group, the control group had a significantly higher dietary intake of energy (5,783.8 vs. 4,849.3 kJ/day; p = 0.002), proteins (65.3 vs. 52.3 g/day; p = 0.002), fats (57.6 vs. 49.4 g/day; p = 0.046), saturated fatty acids (21.7 vs. 18.9 g/day; p = 0.026), carbohydrates (150.4 vs. 127.1 g/day; p = 0.017), dietary fibre (13.2 vs. 11.3 g/day; p = 0.044), vitamin B2 (1.0 vs. 0.9 mg/day; p = 0.029), vitamin B3 (13.9 vs. 10.0 mg/day; p = 0.011), pantothenic acid (3.5 vs. 2.8 mg/day; p = 0.001), vitamin B6 (1.3 vs. 1.0 mg/day; p = 0.001), potassium (1,656.5 vs. 1,418.0 mg/day; p = 0.022), phosphorus (845.4 vs. 718.7 mg/day; p = 0.020), magnesium (176.5 vs. 143.0 mg/day; p = 0.012), copper (1.0 vs. 0.8 mg/day; p = 0.011), and zinc (7.1 vs. 6.1 mg/day; p = 0.012) counted from a 24-hour recall.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;According to FFQ, dietary habits in the patients with AMD and controls were similar. In men from the case group, we found statistically significant higher alcohol consumption. According to a 24-hour recall, the controls achieved recommended dietary intakes rather than cases. In comparison to the case group, the control group had a significantly higher dietary intake of energy, proteins, fats, saturated fatty acids, carbohydrates, dietary fibre, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, pantoth","PeriodicalId":9823,"journal":{"name":"Central European journal of public health","volume":"31 2","pages":"140-143"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9824343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of impact of nosocomial infections on cost of patient hospitalisation.","authors":"Patricia Blatnik,&nbsp;Štefan Bojnec","doi":"10.21101/cejph.a7631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21101/cejph.a7631","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The scale of the economic problem of the occurrence of nosocomial infections and the resulting high additional costs of treatment can only be assessed using economic analyses. The aim of the study was to analyse the impact of a nosocomial infection in a patient in the treatment process and the direct costs of patient hospitalisation. The article contributes to a cost analysis, which is a relevant basis for adopting effective solutions and decisions on the introduction of new programmes and measures to reduce nosocomial infections and associated costs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the first phase of the micro-economic analysis, we analysed the course of hospitalisation of a non-colonised patient treated in an ordinary hospital room. In the second phase, we analysed the process of hospitalisation of a patient who developed a nosocomial infection and was transferred to an isolation room. The difference in cost of both types of treatment allowed us to carry out an economic analysis to estimate the direct costs of nosocomial infection, which are not related to the initial diagnosis of the patient but only to the patient hospitalisation. To calculate the individual types of direct costs of both alternative treatments, we first used the process flow diagram method, which then enabled us to analyse the impact of the occurrence of nosocomial infection on the efficiency and costs of the hospital.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the total direct cost of hospitalisation of a non-colonised patient was 1,317.58 euro per day, and the direct cost of hospitalisation of a patient with a nosocomial infection was 2,268.14 euro per day of hospitalisation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found that reducing nosocomial infections would have a significant impact on the savings or reduction in healthcare costs associated with a different work process for patients in isolation. It would save 950.56 euro per patient for each day of hospitalisation for individual treatment of a patient hospitalised in an isolation room as consequence of a nosocomial infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":9823,"journal":{"name":"Central European journal of public health","volume":"31 2","pages":"90-96"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9824342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccine-hesitant families are more susceptible to verbal communication messaging.","authors":"Vitalija Svist,&nbsp;Agne Maciuleviciene,&nbsp;Simona Naudziunaite,&nbsp;Sigita Petraitiene,&nbsp;Stefano Del Torso,&nbsp;Zachi Grossman,&nbsp;Ginreta Magelinskiene,&nbsp;Arunas Valiulis","doi":"10.21101/cejph.a7508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21101/cejph.a7508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Our survey aims to highlight parents' and healthcare workers' opinions and hesitations regarding children's vaccination, identify the main factors influencing these opinions, and assess the impact of hesitations on immunisation for children, included in the National Immunisation Programme in Lithuania.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used the questionnaire developed by the European Academy of Paediatrics Research in Ambulatory Settings Network (EAPRASnet). This questionnaire is designed to assess attitudes toward vaccination. The study involved parents raising children aged 1-4 years and primary healthcare providers (paediatricians, family doctors and nurses).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analysed the completed questionnaires from a total of 329 parents (142 fathers, 187 mothers) and 386 medical personnel (150 physicians, 236 nurses). Most parents expressed positive opinions about vaccines (> 8 points out of 10 possible), with older parents exhibiting more favourable attitudes. Compared to mothers, fathers showed more criticism regarding the information provided by physicians (p = 0.04). Family doctors and paediatricians were more supportive of vaccination than nurses and homoeopaths (p < 0.001). Parents and healthcare providers with higher education showed statistically significantly stronger opinions about the benefits of vaccines than those with lower education levels (p = 0.01 for parents, p < 0.001 for physicians and nurses). The Internet was identified as the primary source of negative information for both parents (69.6%) and healthcare providers (86%). However, verbal information received from medical staff during patient consultations or informal conversations among colleagues had the greatest impact on parents' opinions (17.3%) and medical personnel (35.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Confidential conversations with physicians and nurses remain the most trustworthy sources of information and influential factors shaping opinions. The Internet serves as the primary source of inaccurate information about vaccinations for both parents and medical professionals, although verbal information from primary healthcare providers has a more significant impact on vaccination attitudes. Discrepancies in basic education and specific knowledge about vaccination within the same family can pose additional obstacles to child vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":9823,"journal":{"name":"Central European journal of public health","volume":"31 2","pages":"103-109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9826858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burnout syndrome among nurses at a military medical academy in Serbia.","authors":"Jovana Todorović,&nbsp;Dejan Nešić,&nbsp;Ivan Soldatović,&nbsp;Martin Popević,&nbsp;Zorica Terzić-Šupić","doi":"10.21101/cejph.a6325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21101/cejph.a6325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Healthcare workers are the professional group at higher risk of burnout than others. It is the underlying reason for medical errors and the general decrease in quality of patient care and is related to poor patient-healthcare worker relationships. Healthcare workers who work with military personnel have specificities compared to healthcare workers who work only with civilians.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study among 171 nurses at the Military Medical Academy was conducted. The questionnaire consisted of items regarding socio-demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, lifestyle characteristics, workplace environment, workplace stress, strategies of stress management, symptoms and signs of workplace-related stress, and the Serbian version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of burnout was 46.2%. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the burnout was associated with stating that they would not choose the same profession again (OR = 4.54, 95% CI: 1.53-14.50) and with not being interested in the work (OR = 4.86, 95% CI: 1.58-14.92).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of burnout is relatively high among nurses at the Medical Military Academy in Belgrade and is associated with factors in the work environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9823,"journal":{"name":"Central European journal of public health","volume":"31 2","pages":"127-132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9826864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inequalities in premature mortality from ischaemic heart disease in the WHO European region.","authors":"Noémi Németh,&nbsp;Imre Boncz,&nbsp;Annamária Pakai,&nbsp;Diána Elmer,&nbsp;Lilla Horváth,&nbsp;Róbert Pónusz,&nbsp;Tímea Csákvári,&nbsp;Zsuzsa Kívés,&nbsp;Iván Gábor Horváth,&nbsp;Dóra Endrei","doi":"10.21101/cejph.a7287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21101/cejph.a7287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is one of the leading causes of premature mortality. Our aim was to analyse standardised premature mortality rates from IHD by geographical groups in the age group 45-59 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a retrospective, quantitative analysis of age-standardized mortality rates from IHD between 1990-2014 per 100,000 population in Western European (WE: N = 17), Eastern European countries (EE: N = 10), and countries of the former Soviet Union (fSU: N = 15) within the European Region of the World Health Organisation (WHO) based on data retrieved from the WHO European Mortality Database. Descriptive statistics, time series analysis and statistical tests were used for the analyses (ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test, paired t-test).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On average, age-standardized death rates (ASDR) from IHD per 100,000 population were the lowest in WE (men 1990: 143.67, 2014: 50.29; women 1990: 29.06, 2014: 9.89), and the highest in fSU (men 1990: 358.69, 2014: 253.25; women 1990: 99.78, 2014: 57.85). Between 1990 and 2014, all three groups experienced significant decrease in ASDR both in men and women (fSU: -29.39%, -42.02%; EE: -49.41%, -50.57%; WE: -64.99%, -65.97%, respectively) (p < 0.05). Between 1990 and 2004, ASDR decreased in WE in both sexes (p < 0.001), in EE among males (p = 0.032). Between 2004 and 2014, ASDR from IHD decreased significantly in both sexes in fSU and WE, in EE only among women (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>During the whole period analysed, ischaemic heart disease mortality significantly decreased in both sexes in all the groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":9823,"journal":{"name":"Central European journal of public health","volume":"31 2","pages":"120-126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9826863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of axillary lymphadenopathy after Covid-19 vaccination during breast examination: Case series and review of the literature after one year.","authors":"Lucia Veverková,&nbsp;Beatrice Mohelníková-Duchoňová,&nbsp;Zuzana Sedláčková,&nbsp;Ľubica Löwová,&nbsp;Ivan Šišola","doi":"10.21101/cejph.a7426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21101/cejph.a7426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study is to evaluate accidental findings of axillary lymphadenopathy during breast examination. Postvaccination axillary lymphadenopathy is a possible cause of adenopathies but these findings used to be exceedingly rare. Nowadays, after Covid-19 vaccination it is found more often. Covid-19 vaccination started at the end of December 2020 with two types of vaccine, Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech in the Czech Republic. The aim of this article is to present a single centre experience with Covid-19 lymphadenopathy during the general vaccination in the Czech population and summarization of recommendations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In January to February 2021 ultrasound revealed axillary lymphadenopathy in several patients during breast examination in our certified centre. In four of them it was concluded as lymphadenopathy after Covid-19 vaccination. A search (using databases PubMed and Google Scholar) of the available literature for the years 2020 and 2021 was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>These four patients were examined during the first two months of 2021. In all of them pathological lymph nodes with typical sonographic signs were seen in the ipsilateral axilla. We searched the literature for follow-up recommendations and summarized them in our article.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Accidental findings of axillary lymphadenopathy during ultrasound breast examination will be more often. There will be more cases of lymphadenopathy with an increasing number of people being vaccinated against Covid-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":9823,"journal":{"name":"Central European journal of public health","volume":"31 2","pages":"110-114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9826857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of health status and cardiovascular risk factors in a Roma population sample from South Bulgaria.","authors":"Ginka Delcheva,&nbsp;Teodora Stankova,&nbsp;Katya Stefanova,&nbsp;Anelia Bivolarska","doi":"10.21101/cejph.a7071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21101/cejph.a7071","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES\u0000Roma population is one of the major ethnic groups in the Central and Eastern Europe, having high rates of chronic diseases and associated risk factors related to their poor social conditions, unhealthy lifestyle and low educational level. The purpose of our study was to assess the health status of Roma from South Bulgaria by means of blood indicators and determine the prevalence of some cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in the Roma population sample.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000The study group consisted of 60 Roma (23 men and 37 women), mean age 53.7 ± 15.9 years, and the control group consisted of 68 non-Roma from the majority population (29 men and 38 women), mean age 45.8 ± 12.2 years. The data were collected via questionnaire, anthropometric measures, and venous blood samples analyses after an overnight fasting.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000The Roma population subjects were slightly but significantly older compared to the non-Roma group and both study groups included more women. The fasting glucose, body mass index (BMI), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were significantly higher, and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were significantly lower in Roma compared to the control non-Roma group. The values of cardiovascular risk markers such as TC/HDL-C and TG/HDL-C ratios, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and lipoprotein combine index (LCI) were significantly higher in Roma compared to non-Roma subjects. The prevalence of obesity in Roma was 35%, diabetes mellitus was recorded in 16.7% of the entire Roma sample, and hyperglycaemia in non-diabetics was recorded in 32%. Hypercholesterolaemia was found in 90% and hypertriglyceridaemia was found in 88.3%. The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) was high and was encountered in 71.7% of the Roma participants and most of the subjects (96.7%) reported family history of CVD. The studied population showed high smoking rates with 33.3% active smokers.\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSIONS\u0000Our study confirmed high prevalence of CV risk factors among Roma population, such as abnormal lipid profile parameters, obesity and heavy smoking and very high cardiovascular morbidity rate. Therefore, adequate measures and healthcare programmes aiming at the early identification, treatment and prevention of CVD risks among Roma are necessary.","PeriodicalId":9823,"journal":{"name":"Central European journal of public health","volume":"31 2","pages":"115-119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9826861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}