{"title":"High-accuracy NLOS identification based on random forest and high-precision positioning on 60 GHz millimeter wave","authors":"Qiuna Niu, Wei Shi, Yongdao Xu, Weijun Wen","doi":"10.23919/JCC.fa.2021-0742.202312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/JCC.fa.2021-0742.202312","url":null,"abstract":"60 GHz millimeter wave (mmWave) system provides extremely high time resolution and multipath components (MPC) separation and has great potential to achieve high precision in the indoor positioning. However, the ranging data is often contaminated by non-line-of-sight (NLOS) transmission. First, six features of 60GHz mmWave signal under LOS and NLOS conditions are evaluated. Next, a classifier constructed by random forest (RF) algorithm is used to identify line-of-sight (LOS) or NLOS channel. The identification mechanism has excellent generalization performance and the classification accuracy is over 97%. Finally, based on the identification results, a residual weighted least squares positioning method is proposed. All ranging information including that under NLOS channels is fully utilized, positioning failure caused by insufficient LOS links can be avoided. Compared with the conventional least squares approach, the positioning error of the proposed algorithm is reduced by 49%.","PeriodicalId":9814,"journal":{"name":"China Communications","volume":"1 2","pages":"96-110"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139014842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deep learning based signal detector for OFDM systems","authors":"Guangliang Pan, Wei Wang, Minglei Li","doi":"10.23919/JCC.fa.2021-0347.202312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/JCC.fa.2021-0347.202312","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning (DL)-based receiver design for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The entire process of channel estimation, equalization, and signal detection is replaced by a neural network (NN), and hence, the detector is called a NN detector (N2D). First, an OFDM signal model is established. We analyze both temporal and spectral characteristics of OFDM signals, which are the motivation for DL. Then, the generated data based on the simulation of channel statistics is used for offline training of bi-directional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) NN. Especially, a discriminator (F) is added to the input of Bi-LSTM NN to look for subcarrier transmission data with optimal channel gain (OCG), which can greatly improve the performance of the detector. Finally, the trained N2D is used for online recovery of OFDM symbols. The performance of the proposed N2D is analyzed theoretically in terms of bit error rate (BER) by Monte Carlo simulation under different parameter scenarios. The simulation results demonstrate that the BER of N2D is obviously lower than other algorithms, especially at high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). Meanwhile, the proposed N2D is robust to the fluctuation of parameter values.","PeriodicalId":9814,"journal":{"name":"China Communications","volume":"39 1","pages":"66-77"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139016808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Secure short-packet transmission in uplink massive MU-MIMO assisted URLLC under imperfect CSI","authors":"Tianyue Yu, Xiaoli Sun, Yueming Cai, Z. Zhu","doi":"10.23919/jcc.ea.2021-0067.202302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/jcc.ea.2021-0067.202302","url":null,"abstract":"Ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC) is still in the early stage of research due to its two strict and conflicting requirements, i.e., ultra-low latency and ultra-high reliability, and its impact on security performance is still unclear. Specifically, short-packet communication is expected to meet the delay requirement of URLLC, while the degradation of reliability caused by it makes traditional physical-layer security metrics not applicable. In this paper, we investigate the secure short-packet transmission in uplink massive multiuser multiple-input-multiple-output (MU-MIMO) system under imperfect channel state information (CSI). We propose an artificial noise scheme to improve the security performance of the system and use the system average secrecy throughput (AST) as the analysis metric. We derive the approximate closed-form expression of the system AST and further analyze the system asymptotic performance in two regimes. Furthermore, a one-dimensional search method is used to optimize the maximum system AST for a given pilot length. Numerical results verify the correctness of theoretical analysis, and show that there are some parameters that affect the tradeoff between security and latency. Moreover, appropriately increasing the number of antennas at the base station (BS) and transmission power at user devices (UDs) can increase the system AST to achieve the required threshold.","PeriodicalId":9814,"journal":{"name":"China Communications","volume":"1 1","pages":"196-211"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68734342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ELM-based impact analysis of meteorological parameters on the radio transmission of X-band over the Qiongzhou Strait of China","authors":"Cheng Yang, Yafei Shi, Jian Wang, Jianguo Ma","doi":"10.23919/JCC.fa.2022-0687.202312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/JCC.fa.2022-0687.202312","url":null,"abstract":"Communication in the evaporation duct layer is greatly affected by the variation of meteorological parameters. Based on the experimental result of the radio transmission of the X-band over the Qiongzhou Strait of China, the characteristic of the duct and its influence on the transmission effect is analyzed. The results indicate that the evaporation duct height (EDH) has a negative Spearman's rank correlation of −0.90 with the relative humidity and a positive correlation coefficient of 0.84 with the wind speed. Based on the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) network, we proposed a Met-ELM model that can provide efficient support in predicting propagation characteristics at nighttime. The predicted results of the MetELM model are consistent with the measurements; the root-mean-square-error is 1.66 dB, with the correlation coefficient reaching 0.96, while the proportion of mean absolute error less than 2 dB has reached 81.41%. The data-derived Met-ELM model shows great accuracy in predicting propagation characteristics at nighttime, which also meets the acceptable requirements for radio wave propagation.","PeriodicalId":9814,"journal":{"name":"China Communications","volume":"47 1","pages":"244-256"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139018851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An overview of interactive immersive services","authors":"Xiaozhi Yuan, Qingyang Wang, Linfeng Zhang, Li Peng, Xiaojie Zhu, Jinlan Ma, Zhan Liu, Yuxiang Jiang","doi":"10.23919/jcc.ea.2022-0355.202302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/jcc.ea.2022-0355.202302","url":null,"abstract":"Immersive services are the typical emerging services in current IMT-2020 network. With the development of network evolution, real-time interactive applications emerge one after another. This article provides an overview on immersive services which focus on real-time interaction. The scenarios, framework, requirements, key technologies, and issues of interactive immersive service are presented.","PeriodicalId":9814,"journal":{"name":"China Communications","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68735254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance analysis in SWIPT-based bidirectional D2D communications in cellular networks","authors":"Yang Zhang, Wei Wang, Xiang Zhao, Jun Hou","doi":"10.23919/JCC.fa.2022-0554.202312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/JCC.fa.2022-0554.202312","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a novel traffic-aware cooperative cognitive radio network that can enable device-to-device (D2D) communications in cellular system is proposed and investigated. By providing relay cooperation to cellular transmission, D2D users can realize their own two-way communication in the licensed spectrum. Unlike most existing works, in the proposed network, both wireless-powered D2D users can harvest energy via radio-frequency signals received from basic station (BS) through a hybrid protocol which can adaptively utilize both time-switching and powersplitting techniques. Specifically, D2D users perform decode-and-forward operation to transmit signals, and mobile user (MU) employs a selection combining technique. In addition, the performance of both D2D system and cellular system in the proposed network is evaluated by deriving the expressions of their exact outage probability and throughput. Numerical and simulation results validate correctness of derivations and reveal the influence of various system parameters of the proposed network.","PeriodicalId":9814,"journal":{"name":"China Communications","volume":"54 11","pages":"41-51"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138989080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Gong, Wei Xu, Xiaoxiu Ding, Nanrun Zhou, Qibiao Zhu
{"title":"Joint optimization scheme for the reconfigurable intelligent surface-assisted untrusted relay networks","authors":"L. Gong, Wei Xu, Xiaoxiu Ding, Nanrun Zhou, Qibiao Zhu","doi":"10.23919/JCC.ea.2021-0806.202302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/JCC.ea.2021-0806.202302","url":null,"abstract":"To further improve the secrecy rate, a joint optimization scheme for the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) phase shift and the power allocation is proposed in the untrusted relay (UR) networks assisted by the RIS. The eavesdropping on the UR is interfered by a source-based jamming strategy. Under the constraints of unit modulus and total power, the RIS phase shift, the power allocation between the confidential signal and the jamming signal, and the power allocation between the source node and the UR are jointly optimized to maximize the secrecy rate. The complex multivariable coupling problem is decomposed into three sub-problems, and the non-convexity of the objective function and the constraints is solved with semi-definite relaxation. Simulation results indicate that the secrecy rate is remarkably enhanced with the proposed scheme compared with the equal power allocation scheme, the random phase shift scheme, and the no-RIS scheme.","PeriodicalId":9814,"journal":{"name":"China Communications","volume":"267 1","pages":"19-29"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139013965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qingxiang Dong, Yongle Wu, Weijuan Chen, Yuhao Yang, Weimin Wang
{"title":"Single-layer symmetrical full-port quasi-absorptive filtering phase shifter","authors":"Qingxiang Dong, Yongle Wu, Weijuan Chen, Yuhao Yang, Weimin Wang","doi":"10.23919/JCC.ea.2021-0764.202302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/JCC.ea.2021-0764.202302","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a single-layer symmetrical full-port quasi-absorptive filtering phase shifter is presented. The proposed phase shifter is composed of a main quasi-absorptive filtering branch, a reference quasi-absorptive filtering branch, and two delay lines. The proposed phase shifter achieves both phase controlling function and quasi-absorptive filtering function for the first time. Each quasi-absorptive filtering branch can realize the quasi-absorptive filtering function. Meanwhile, the constant phase shift can be obtained by combining the two quasi-absorptive filtering branches and the two delay lines. The design formulas can be derived from the even- and odd-mode network analysis, and then two quasi-absorptive filtering phase shifters can be devised easily and quickly. For verification, a 90° quasi-absorptive filtering phase shifter, which is critical for circularly polarized antenna systems, is simulated, manufactured, and measured.","PeriodicalId":9814,"journal":{"name":"China Communications","volume":"69 ","pages":"30-40"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139025712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Feng, Zhizhong Zhang, Haonan Hu, Errong Pei, Yun Li
{"title":"Spatial modeling and reliability analyzing of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces-assisted Fog-RAN with repulsion","authors":"L. Feng, Zhizhong Zhang, Haonan Hu, Errong Pei, Yun Li","doi":"10.23919/JCC.ea.2022-0199.202302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/JCC.ea.2022-0199.202302","url":null,"abstract":"Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS), fog computing, and Cell-Free (CF) network architecture are three promising technologies for application to the Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) scenario in 6G mobile communication systems. This paper considers a RIS-assisted FogRadio Access Network (Fog-RAN) architecture where a) the repulsively distributed Fog-Access Points (F-APs) communicate in a CF manner to suppress inter-cell interference, b) RISs are introduced into the CF network to avoid shadowing and enhance the system performance, and c) fog computing evolved as cloud services providers at the edge of the network and an enabler for constructing a multi-layer computing power RAN. Then, we derive and validate the integral form of the maximum F-AP offloading probability and Successful Delivery Probability (SDP) of this RIS-assisted Fog-RAN over composite Fisher-Snedecor F fading, where the spatial effects are reconsidered with the assumption that the F-APs are modelled as a Beta Ginibre Point Process (β-GPP). The numeric and simulation results indicate that for the investigated RIS-assisted Fog-RAN, the β-GPP-based deployment of F-APs can increase maximum of 8% of the SDP within the repulsion-effective range, compared with the Matern Cluster Process (MCP)-based ones. Also, deploying more RISs per F-AP offers more significant SDP improvements.","PeriodicalId":9814,"journal":{"name":"China Communications","volume":"32 2","pages":"142-155"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139018051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinyu Zhu, Yang Huang, Delong Liu, Qihui Wu, Xiaohu Ge, Yuan Liu
{"title":"Dynamic spectrum anti-jamming with distributed learning and transfer learning","authors":"Xinyu Zhu, Yang Huang, Delong Liu, Qihui Wu, Xiaohu Ge, Yuan Liu","doi":"10.23919/JCC.fa.2022-0626.202312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/JCC.fa.2022-0626.202312","url":null,"abstract":"Physical-layer security issues in wireless systems have attracted great attention. In this paper, we investigate the spectrum anti-jamming (AJ) problem for data transmissions between devices. Considering fast-changing physical-layer jamming attacks in the time/frequency domain, frequency resources have to be configured for devices in advance with unknown jamming patterns (i.e. the time-frequency distribution of the jamming signals) to avoid jamming signals emitted by malicious devices. This process can be formulated as a Markov decision process and solved by reinforcement learning (RL). Unfortunately, state-of-the-art RL methods may put pressure on the system which has limited computing resources. As a result, we propose a novel RL, by integrating the asynchronous advantage actor-critic (A3C) approach with the kernel method to learn a flexible frequency pre-configuration policy. Moreover, in the presence of time-varying jamming patterns, the traditional AJ strategy can not adapt to the dynamic interference strategy. To handle this issue, we design a kernel-based feature transfer learning method to adjust the structure of the policy function online. Simulation results reveal that our proposed approach can significantly outperform various baselines, in terms of the average normalized throughput and the convergence speed of policy learning.","PeriodicalId":9814,"journal":{"name":"China Communications","volume":"79 ","pages":"52-65"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139017200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}