{"title":"Characterization of the Skin Bacteriome and Histology Changes in Diabetic Pigs.","authors":"Meirong Li, Jifang Yuan, Qian Hou, Yali Zhao, Lingzhi Zhong, Xin Dai, Hua Chen, Xiaobing Fu","doi":"10.1177/15347346221100887","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15347346221100887","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic wound is one of the most common complications that are associated with diabetes. The cutaneous microbiome is known to play essential roles in the regulation of barrier function and protecting against potential assault. Thus, it is necessary to gain a better understanding of the relationship between microbial community and skin structures in unwounded diabetic skin to explore possible preventive strategies. To achieve the same, a pig diabetic model was built in the present study. Further,16S rDNA sequencing was used to characterize the skin bacteriome. It was observed that the pigs showed skin bacteriome similar to humans in the non-diabetes group, while it varied in the case of diabetes. Further, the β-diversity analysis showed that the bacterial community was significantly different under the diabetes group. More species differences were identified between the two groups at genus level. The predictive function analysis also showed the involvement of significantly different pathways of microbial gene function in diabetes. In agreement with this, skin histology analysis also showed signs of reduced epidermal thickness and rete ridges in diabetic skin. Less proliferation of keratinocytes and impaired TJ barrier was also detected. This evidence suggested that pigs might serve as the best surrogate for cutaneous microbiome studies. Altogether, the present study reported that the skin bacteriome and histology changed significantly in unwounded diabetic skin, which provided a theoretical basis for the regulation of disordered skin bacteriome. The findings of the study would assist in the improvement of the skin environment and prevention of skin infection and chronic wounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":9814,"journal":{"name":"China Communications","volume":"15 1","pages":"426-443"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89780525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hu Zhijuan, Shuangyu Liu, Fei Xu, Liu Liqiang, Guiping Li
{"title":"Delta compression correction method for covert communication in IoT","authors":"Hu Zhijuan, Shuangyu Liu, Fei Xu, Liu Liqiang, Guiping Li","doi":"10.23919/jcc.fa.2023-0767.202409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/jcc.fa.2023-0767.202409","url":null,"abstract":"Covert communication can conceal the existence of wireless transmission and thus has the ability to address information security transfer issue in many applications of the booming Internet of Things (IoT). However, the proliferation of sensing devices has generated massive amounts of data, which has increased the burden of covert communication. Considering the spatiotemporal correlation of data collection causing redundancy between data, eliminating duplicate data before transmission is beneficial for shortening transmission time, reducing the average received signal power of warden, and ultimately realizing covert communication. In this paper, we propose to apply delta compression technology in the gateway to reduce the amount of data generated by IoT devices, and then sent it to the cloud server. To this end, a cost model and evaluation method that is closer to the actual storage mode of computer systems is been constructed. Based on which, the delta version sequence obtained by existing delta compression algorithms is no longer compact, manifested by the still high cost. In this situation, we designed the correction scheme based on instructions merging (CSIM) correction to save costs by merging instructions. Firstly, the delta version sequence is divided into five categories and corresponding merge rules were derived. Then, for any COPY/ADD class delta compression algorithm, merge according to strict to relaxed to selection rules while generating instructions. Finally, a more cost-effective delta version sequence can be gained. The experimental results on random data show that the delta version sequences output by the CSIM corrected 1.5-pass and greedy algorithms have better performance in cost reducing.","PeriodicalId":9814,"journal":{"name":"China Communications","volume":"21 9","pages":"60-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147894664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Weidong Zhou, Shengwei Lei, Chunhe Xia, Tianbo Wang
{"title":"LDA-ID: An LDA-based framework for real-time network intrusion detection","authors":"Weidong Zhou, Shengwei Lei, Chunhe Xia, Tianbo Wang","doi":"10.23919/JCC.ea.2021-0446.202302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/JCC.ea.2021-0446.202302","url":null,"abstract":"Network intrusion poses a severe threat to the Internet. However, existing intrusion detection models cannot effectively distinguish different intrusions with high-degree feature overlap. In addition, efficient real-time detection is an urgent problem. To address the two above problems, we propose a Latent Dirichlet Allocation topic model-based framework for real-time network Intrusion Detection (LDA-ID), consisting of static and online LDA-ID. The problem of feature overlap is transformed into static LDA-ID topic number optimization and topic selection. Thus, the detection is based on the latent topic features. To achieve efficient real-time detection, we design an online computing mode for static LDA-ID, in which a parameter iteration method based on momentum is proposed to balance the contribution of prior knowledge and new information. Furthermore, we design two matching mechanisms to accommodate the static and online LDA-ID, respectively. Experimental results on the public NSL-KDD and UNSW-NB15 datasets show that our framework gets higher accuracy than the others.","PeriodicalId":9814,"journal":{"name":"China Communications","volume":"601 ","pages":"166-181"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139019480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Songjiao Bi, Langtao Hu, QUAN LIU, Jianlan Wu, Rui Yang, L. Wu
{"title":"Deep reinforcement learning for IRS-assisted UAV covert communications","authors":"Songjiao Bi, Langtao Hu, QUAN LIU, Jianlan Wu, Rui Yang, L. Wu","doi":"10.23919/JCC.ea.2022-0336.202302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/JCC.ea.2022-0336.202302","url":null,"abstract":"Covert communications can hide the existence of a transmission from the transmitter to receiver. This paper considers an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) assisted unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) covert communication system. It was inspired by the high-dimensional data processing and decision-making capabilities of the deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm. In order to improve the covert communication performance, an UAV 3D trajectory and IRS phase optimization algorithm based on double deep Q network (TAP-DDQN) is proposed. The simulations show that TAP-DDQN can significantly improve the covert performance of the IRS-assisted UAV covert communication system, compared with benchmark solutions.","PeriodicalId":9814,"journal":{"name":"China Communications","volume":"329 ","pages":"131-141"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139022980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Radio frequency fingerprinting identification using semi-supervised learning with meta labels","authors":"Tiantian Zhang, Pinyi Ren, Dongyang Xu, Zhanyi Ren","doi":"10.23919/JCC.fa.2022-0609.202312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/JCC.fa.2022-0609.202312","url":null,"abstract":"Radio frequency fingerprinting (RFF) is a remarkable lightweight authentication scheme to support rapid and scalable identification in the internet of things (IoT) systems. Deep learning (DL) is a critical enabler of RFF identification by leveraging the hardware-level features. However, traditional supervised learning methods require huge labeled training samples. Therefore, how to establish a highperformance supervised learning model with few labels under practical application is still challenging. To address this issue, we in this paper propose a novel RFF semi-supervised learning (RFFSSL) model which can obtain a better performance with few meta labels. Specifically, the proposed RFFSSL model is constituted by a teacher-student network, in which the student network learns from the pseudo label predicted by the teacher. Then, the output of the student model will be exploited to improve the performance of teacher among the labeled data. Furthermore, a comprehensive evaluation on the accuracy is conducted. We derive about 50 GB real long-term evolution (LTE) mobile phone's raw signal datasets, which is used to evaluate various models. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed RFFSSL scheme can achieve up to 97% experimental testing accuracy over a noisy environment only with 10% labeled samples when training samples equal to 2700.","PeriodicalId":9814,"journal":{"name":"China Communications","volume":"86 9","pages":"78-95"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139017402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An efficient federated learning framework deployed in resource-constrained IoV: User selection and learning time optimization schemes","authors":"Qiang Wang, Shaoyi Xu, Rongtao Xu, Dongji Li","doi":"10.23919/JCC.fa.2022-0726.202312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/JCC.fa.2022-0726.202312","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, an efficient federated learning (FL) Framework in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is studied. In the considered model, vehicle users implement an FL algorithm by training their local FL models and sending their models to a base station (BS) that generates a global FL model through the model aggregation. Since each user owns data samples with diverse sizes and different quality, it is necessary for the BS to select the proper participating users to acquire a better global model. Meanwhile, considering the high computational overhead of existing selection methods based on the gradient, the lightweight user selection scheme based on the loss decay is proposed. Due to the limited wireless bandwidth, the BS needs to select an suitable subset of users to implement the FL algorithm. Moreover, the vehicle users' computing resource that can be used for FL training is usually limited in the IoV when other multiple tasks are required to be executed. The local model training and model parameter transmission of FL will have significant effects on the latency of FL. To address this issue, the joint communication and computing optimization problem is formulated whose objective is to minimize the FL delay in the resource-constrained system. To solve the complex nonconvex problem, an algorithm based on the concave-convex procedure (CCCP) is proposed, which can achieve superior performance in the small-scale and delay-insensitive FL system. Due to the fact that the convergence rate of CCCP method is too slow in a large-scale FL system, this method is not suitable for delay-sensitive applications. To solve this issue, a block coordinate descent algorithm based on the one-step projected gradient method is proposed to decrease the complexity of the solution at the cost of light performance degrading. Simulations are conducted and numerical results show the good performance of the proposed methods.","PeriodicalId":9814,"journal":{"name":"China Communications","volume":"372 2","pages":"111-130"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139022303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hong Qin, Haitao Du, Huahua Wang, Li Su, Yunfeng Peng
{"title":"Multi-objective optimization for NOMA-based mobile edge computing offloading by maximizing system utility","authors":"Hong Qin, Haitao Du, Huahua Wang, Li Su, Yunfeng Peng","doi":"10.23919/JCC.ea.2021-0252.202302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/JCC.ea.2021-0252.202302","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) is a technology for the fifth-generation (5G) wireless communications to enable User Equipment (UE) to offload tasks to servers deployed at the edge of network. However, taking both delay and energy consumption into consideration in the 5G MEC system is usually complex and contradictory. Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) enable more UEs to offload their computing tasks to MEC servers using the same spectrum resources to enhance the spectrum efficiency for 5G, which makes the problem even more complex in the NOMA-MEC system. In this work, a system utility maximization model is present to NOMA-MEC system, and two optimization algorithms based on Newton method and greedy algorithm respectively are proposed to jointly optimize the computing resource allocation, SIC order, transmission time slot allocation, which can easily achieve a better trade-off between the delay and energy consumption. The simulation results prove that the proposed method is effective for NOMA-MEC systems.","PeriodicalId":9814,"journal":{"name":"China Communications","volume":"244 ","pages":"156-165"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139026621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IoV and blockchain-enabled driving guidance strategy in complex traffic environment","authors":"Yuchuan Fu, Changle Li, T. Luan, Yao Zhang","doi":"10.23919/jcc.ea.2020-0174.202302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/jcc.ea.2020-0174.202302","url":null,"abstract":"Diversified traffic participants and complex traffic environment (e.g., roadblocks or road damage exist) challenge the decision-making accuracy of a single connected and autonomous vehicle (CAV) due to its limited sensing and computing capabilities. Using Internet of Vehicles (IoV) to share driving rules between CAVs can break limitations of a single CAV, but at the same time may cause privacy and safety issues. To tackle this problem, this paper proposes to combine IoV and blockchain technologies to form an efficient and accurate autonomous guidance strategy. Specifically, we first use reinforcement learning for driving decision learning, and give the corresponding driving rule extraction method. Then, an architecture combining IoV and blockchain is designed to ensure secure driving rule sharing. Finally, the shared rules will form an effective autonomous driving guidance strategy through driving rules selection and action selection. Extensive simulation proves that the proposed strategy performs well in complex traffic environment, mainly in terms of accuracy, safety, and robustness.","PeriodicalId":9814,"journal":{"name":"China Communications","volume":"1 1","pages":"230-243"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68734630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi-source underwater DOA estimation using PSO-BP neural network based on high-order cumulant optimization","authors":"Haihua Chen, Jingyao Zhang, Binbin Jiang, Xuerong Cui, Rongrong Zhou, Yucheng Zhang","doi":"10.23919/jcc.ea.2021-0031.202302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/jcc.ea.2021-0031.202302","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the complex and changeable environment under water, the performance of traditional DOA estimation algorithms based on mathematical model, such as MUSIC, ESPRIT, etc., degrades greatly or even some mistakes can be made because of the mismatch between algorithm model and actual environment model. In addition, the neural network has the ability of generalization and mapping, it can consider the noise, transmission channel inconsistency and other factors of the objective environment. Therefore, this paper utilizes Back Propagation (BP) neural network as the basic framework of underwater DOA estimation. Furthermore, in order to improve the performance of DOA estimation of BP neural network, the following three improvements are proposed. (1) Aiming at the problem that the weight and threshold of traditional BP neural network converge slowly and easily fall into the local optimal value in the iterative process, PSO-BP-NN based on optimized particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed. (2) The Higher-order cumulant of the received signal is utilized to establish the training model. (3) A BP neural network training method for arbitrary number of sources is proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is proved by comparing with the state-of-the-art algorithms and MUSIC algorithm.","PeriodicalId":9814,"journal":{"name":"China Communications","volume":"1 1","pages":"212-229"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68734795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}