Cellular and molecular biology最新文献

{"title":"Alzheimer's disease: assessing the therapeutic potential of anti-Aβ (Beta-Amyloid) treatments.","authors":"Jawza A Almutairi","doi":"10.14715/cmb/2025.70.1.12","DOIUrl":"10.14715/cmb/2025.70.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the most common forms of dementia and a neurodegenerative illness is Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is distinguished by impaired memory and cognitive dysfunction. Decades of research have been devoted to determining its etiology, pathogenic processes, and biomarkers to facilitate early identification and clinical investigations for therapy. Neural atrophy and broken connections between neurons are the outcomes of the illness. The amyloid beta (Aβ) cascade is among the most widely recognized and important hypotheses of the numerous hypotheses regarding the pathogenesis of AD. This theory suggests that the breakdown of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) produces Aβ monomers. These monomers are then converted into hazardous oligomers, which in turn form β-sheets, fibrils, and plaques after being formed. The amyloid cascade theory was covered in this review, along with a summary of how it is used to diagnose and treat Alzheimer's. Specifically, we covered the drawbacks, potential, and significant unsolved issues with the anti-Aβ therapy that is now in use, as well as plans for more research and the creation of more workable Aβ-targeted methods to optimize AD early detection and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":9802,"journal":{"name":"Cellular and molecular biology","volume":"71 1","pages":"111-117"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143254783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of interleukin polymorphisms and inflammatory markers with hospitalization, survival, and COVID-19 severity in type 1 diabetes patients: A multivariate and Cox regression analysis.","authors":"Mohammed Yousif Abdullah, Farah Abdulkhaleq Khattab Alhaddad, Chateen Izaddin Ali Pambuk, Sonia Marghali","doi":"10.14715/cmb/2025.70.1.14","DOIUrl":"10.14715/cmb/2025.70.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the association between interleukin polymorphisms (IL-6, IL-10, IL-12A, and IL-18), inflammatory markers, and COVID-19 severity in Type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients. A prospective observational study enrolled 80 female T1D patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and a control group of 30 females without COVID-19. Significantly higher cytokine levels were observed in COVID-19 patients (IL-6: 64.1 ± 30.1 pg/mL, IL-10: 11.7 ± 5.8 pg/mL, IL-12A: 6.7 ± 2.9 pg/mL, IL-18: 195.4 ± 60.7 pg/mL) compared to controls (all p < 0.001). Genotype analysis revealed that the IL-6 GG and IL-18 TG genotypes were associated with elevated cytokine levels, prolonged hospitalization, and increased mortality risk (hazard ratios [HR]: IL-6 GG: 1.25, IL-18 TG: 1.30). ROC analysis indicated IL-18 (AUC: 0.88) and IL-6 (AUC: 0.84) as strong predictors of hospitalization. Cox regression showed that IL-6 and IL-18 levels significantly affected hospitalization duration and survival, while IL-12A displayed a protective effect (HR: 0.92). Kaplan-Meier analysis confirmed shorter survival for the IL-6 GG and IL-18 TG genotypes, supporting the prognostic role of cytokine levels and genotypes in COVID-19 management. This study highlights the potential of interleukin polymorphisms as biomarkers for COVID-19 severity in T1D patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9802,"journal":{"name":"Cellular and molecular biology","volume":"71 1","pages":"125-134"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143254785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of bacterial gut microbiome in diverse Egyptian populations \"pilot study\".","authors":"Kareem Talaat Mohamed, Sarah Shabayek, Nora Fahmy Mahmoud, Mahmoud Mohamed Tawfick, Amro Mohamed Said Hanora","doi":"10.14715/cmb/2025.70.1.8","DOIUrl":"10.14715/cmb/2025.70.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gut microbiota plays a huge role in human health regarding immunity, metabolism, and nutrient absorption. In this work, the gut microbiota, with its bacterial community structure, is studied using whole genome shotgun (WGS) sequencing for populations from two different geographical regions in Egypt: Cairo (urban) and Ismailia (rural). Fecal samples were obtained from six healthy individuals, three from Cairo and three from Ismailia, of ages ranging from 43 to 52 years. Alpha diversity, measured as Shannon, inverse Simpson, and OTUs, showed no significant differences between the two cities. However, beta diversity analysis by Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) revealed diverse microbial compositions. Thus, only the Ismailia samples contained higher levels of butyrate-producing bacteria involved in maintaining intestinal health, such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Akkermansia muciniphila. On the other hand, there was a higher prevalence in Cairo of bacteria associated with protein and fat metabolism, like Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. Such findings explain the influence of environmental factors in shaping gut microbiota and show that to get a comprehensive understanding of regional differences, many wider-ranging studies need to be conducted.</p>","PeriodicalId":9802,"journal":{"name":"Cellular and molecular biology","volume":"71 1","pages":"75-87"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143254595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic insights into Enterococcus faecalis implicated in endodontic infections: resistance, virulence, and genetic variability.","authors":"Nezar Boreak, Ahlam Abdu Mohammed Mowkly, Amnah Sharwani, Shroog Ali Almasoudi, Ahmed Huraysi, Ibrahim Ali Sulily, Ghadi Ghamdhan Jali, Mohammed Abed Basihi, Osama Alfaifi, Elham Ali Tohari, Rehaf Madkhali","doi":"10.14715/cmb/2025.70.1.11","DOIUrl":"10.14715/cmb/2025.70.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endodontic infections, often involving multispecies bacterial communities, present significant challenges in treatment due to their complex pathogenic mechanisms and resistance to conventional therapies. Enterococcus faecalis is a facultative anaerobic gram-positive bacterium that has been frequently recovered from secondary or persistent endodontic infections. This study investigates the population structure, resistome, mobilome, and virulome of E. faecalis isolated from oral cavity sources, focusing on 22 genomes sequenced from saliva and root canal samples. The genome sequence analysis revealed a diversity of 14 sequence types (STs), highlighting genetic variability within oral E. faecalis populations. Virulence profiling identified 39 genes involved in adherence, biofilm formation, toxin production, stress response, and immune evasion. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, including lsa(A), efrA, and tetM, were prevalent across all genomes, indicating potential multidrug resistance. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as insertion sequences, transposons, prophages, and plasmids, were also identified, facilitating genetic exchange within and between species. Network analyses identified central virulence genes (e.g., asa1, gelE) and AMR genes (e.g., ANT (6)-Ia, dfrE) crucial for pathogenicity and resistance, highlighting their pivotal roles in E. faecalis infections. This study provides comprehensive insights into the genomic characteristics, AMR genes, virulence factors, and genetic mobile elements associated with E. faecalis isolates from the oral cavity, offering implications for dental health and potential strategies for infection control and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9802,"journal":{"name":"Cellular and molecular biology","volume":"71 1","pages":"102-110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143254816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alpha-mangostin and nab-paclitaxel in breast cancer cell models: improved antitumor efficacy through combination therapy.","authors":"Özge Özgen, İdil Çetin, Fatmahan Atalar, Mehmet Rıfkı Topçul","doi":"10.14715/cmb/2025.70.1.6","DOIUrl":"10.14715/cmb/2025.70.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the pursuit of more effective breast cancer therapies, the investigation of interactions between novel compounds and established chemotherapeutics has become increasingly important. This study investigates the combinatory effects of alpha-mangostin (α-MG) and nab-paclitaxel on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, utilizing the xCELLigence RTCA system for continuous real-time cellular analysis, BrdU incorporation assays for proliferation assessment, and the quantification of mitotic activity and caspase-3/7 levels to elucidate apoptotic mechanisms. Our findings demonstrate that both α-MG and nab-paclitaxel independently induce significant inhibition of cellular proliferation and modulate cell cycle dynamics over a 24 to 72-hour period. Notably, when combined, these agents exhibit a pronounced enhancement of cell cycle inhibition and apoptosis, surpassing the effects observed with monotherapy. This potentiation effect suggests that α-MG augments the therapeutic efficacy of nab-paclitaxel, potentially allowing for reduced dosages in clinical applications. The study underscores the potential of α-MG as an adjuvant in breast cancer treatment, offering a promising strategy to optimize therapeutic regimens, minimize adverse effects, and improve patient outcomes in clinical oncology.</p>","PeriodicalId":9802,"journal":{"name":"Cellular and molecular biology","volume":"71 1","pages":"52-59"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143254781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coenzyme Q10 and its liposomal form prevent copper cardiotoxicity by attenuating oxidative stress, TLR-4/NF-κB signaling and necroptosis in rats.","authors":"Hanan K Alghibiwi, Ahlam M Alhusiani, Wedad S Sarawi, Laila Fadda, Hatun A Alomar, Juman S Alsaab, Iman H Hasan, Asma S Alonazi, Nouf M Alrasheed, Samiah Alhabardi","doi":"10.14715/cmb/2025.70.1.13","DOIUrl":"10.14715/cmb/2025.70.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Copper (Cu) is an essential element involved in numerous biochemical, metabolic and cellular processes. Excessive exposure to the pesticide copper sulfate (CuSO4) was associated with toxic effects. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and its liposomal form (L-CoQ10) against myocardial injury induced by CuSO4, pinpointing the involvement of redox imbalance, TLR-4/NF-κB signaling and apoptosis. Cardiac injury in rats was induced by daily oral doses of CuSO4 for 7 days, the rats were treated orally with either CoQ10 or L-CoQ10 concurrently with CuSO4 for 7 days. Elevated serum cTnI, CK-MB and LDH were observed in CuSO4-intoxicated animals. Additionally, cellular antioxidant biomarkers were decreased and the expression levels of cardiac MDA, TLR-4, NF-κB, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α were upregulated. CoQ10 and L-CoQ10 prevented myocardial injury and decreased the levels of both MDA and pro-inflammatory cytokines. CoQ10 and L-CoQ10 enhanced antioxidant capacity and Bcl-2, and downregulated caspase-3, Bax, p53, RIP3, MLKL, caspase-8 and TLR-4/NF-κB signaling. In conclusion, CoQ10 and L-CoQ10 effectively prevent CuSO4 cardiotoxicity in rats. Attenuation of redox imbalance, TLR-4/NF-κB signaling, pro-inflammatory response, and necroptosis along with enhancement of antioxidant response mediated their cardioprotective efficacy. CoQ10 could be valuable in protecting people vulnerable to Cu toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":9802,"journal":{"name":"Cellular and molecular biology","volume":"71 1","pages":"118-124"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143254794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The loss of Spinster homolog 2 drives endothelial mesenchymal transition via SMS2-mediated disruption of sphingomyelin metabolism.","authors":"Jin-Feng Qin, Yuan Li, Xiao-Dan Wang, Shuangxi Tu, Xiao Zhu, Kai Yin","doi":"10.14715/cmb/2025.70.1.15","DOIUrl":"10.14715/cmb/2025.70.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is the process by which endothelial cells transform into mesenchymal cells, driving stromatogenesis and inflammatory responses, thereby contributing to the development of atherosclerotic plaques. Spinster homolog 2 (SPNS2), a protein responsible for S1P transport, regulates sphingolipid metabolism and signaling in endothelial cells to maintain vascular homeostasis. In the present work, we investigated the involvement of SPNS2 in endothelial mesenchymal transition. Knocking down SPNS2 in endothelial cells resulted in significant phenotypic changes, marked by a decrease in endothelial markers (CD31, VE-cadherin) and an increase in mesenchymal markers (Vimentin, α-SMA), confirming the occurrence of EndMT. Notably, SPNS2 knockdown leads to alterations in sphingolipid metabolism, most prominently marked by a significant increase in sphingomyelin (SM) levels. Similar cellular alterations were observed with the exogenous addition of SM, leading to the transition of endothelial cells from a cobblestone-like morphology to a dispersed, spindle-shaped form. In contrast, the exogenous addition of sphingomyelinase, which degrades SM, was able to reverse the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition induced by SPNS2 knockdown. Mechanistically, our study suggests that SPNS2 knockdown promotes endothelial-to-mesenchymal transdifferentiation by upregulating SMS2 expression, which subsequently enhances sphingomyelin synthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9802,"journal":{"name":"Cellular and molecular biology","volume":"71 1","pages":"135-141"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143254718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial analysis and antimicrobial resistance screening of drinking water in the Qassim Region of Saudi Arabia using mass spectrometry technology.","authors":"Ayman Elbehiry, Musaad Aldubaib, Adil Abalkhail","doi":"10.14715/cmb/2025.70.1.7","DOIUrl":"10.14715/cmb/2025.70.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Water intended for human consumption must be devoid of harmful bacteria that can lead to waterborne illnesses. Consequently, there is a pressing need for a rapid and precise method to identify bacterial contaminants in drinking water. The objective of this study was to investigate the protein profiles of various bacterial species present in water through the application of protein fingerprinting (PF) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) techniques, as well as to evaluate their antimicrobial resistance. A total of two hundred water samples were collected from five distinct locations within the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. Bacterial isolates were identified using a protein fingerprinting analytical technique (PFAT), which was subsequently confirmed by real-time PCR. The Kirby-Bauer method was employed to assess antibiotic resistance among the bacterial isolates. Out of the 200 water samples analyzed, PFAT successfully identified 123 bacterial isolates, with the most frequently isolated species being 48 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), 17 Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and 16 Escherichia coli (E. coli). All waterborne bacterial isolates were accurately identified 100% of the time, achieving a score of 2.00 or higher. The results from real-time PCR indicated that 87.5% of P. aeruginosa isolates were positive for the oprI gene, all S. aureus isolates were positive for the nuc gene, and 93.75% of E. coli isolates were positive for the fliC gene. P. aeruginosa isolates demonstrated a high level of resistance to aztreonam (64.6%), while S. aureus exhibited significant resistance to cefoxitin and cefepime (88.24%), followed by aztreonam (82.35%) and amoxicillin-clavulanate (70.6%). E. coli isolates showed complete resistance to ampicillin (100%), with high resistance also observed against amoxicillin-clavulanate and cefoxitin (87.5%), and cefepime (81.25%). This study underscores the significance of utilizing PFAT for the microbiological identification of diverse water samples as a reliable and effective method. Furthermore, it emphasizes the necessity for regular surveillance and monitoring of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in drinking water sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":9802,"journal":{"name":"Cellular and molecular biology","volume":"71 1","pages":"60-74"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143254678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A critical evaluation of biochemical markers for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis.","authors":"Mohammed Merae Alshahrani","doi":"10.14715/cmb/2025.70.1.3","DOIUrl":"10.14715/cmb/2025.70.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common but poorly understood gastrointestinal illness. One explanation for this lack of awareness is the absence of clear recommendations on the use of biochemical markers to identify this illness. This is because knowledge in this field is always expanding. Serum amylase and lipase are two extensively utilized biochemical indicators in the diagnosis of AP. The lack of agreement on the optimal use of these markers, notably amylase and lipase, has an impact on diagnostic outcomes. Through a critical study of the current literatures, this review intends to explore in depth the use of biochemical markers in the diagnosis of AP. A comprehensive review of the literature had a glance at biochemical indicators in the context of AP diagnosis, diving into topics including pancreatic anatomy, functions, pathology, mechanisms of AP, etiologies, symptoms, and also diagnostic approaches. This review revealed areas of agreement and disagreement about biochemical indicators in the diagnosis of AP, as well as potential future research directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9802,"journal":{"name":"Cellular and molecular biology","volume":"71 1","pages":"20-38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143254778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing the antimicrobial potential of Aegle marmelos against Mfa1 fimbriae in Porphyromonas gingivalis: a new strategy for endodontic therapy.","authors":"Nezar Boreak, Noor Eissa Mousa Jaferi, Mohammed Bashery, Hanan Salem Otudi, Abdullah Saad Almuqbil, Hisham Abushaqqaf, Sarah Mohammed Jurebi, Rana Qasem Wasly, Abdulaziz Ali Alshahrani, Hadya Alkam, Hussam Almalki, Salwa Ahmad Hakami","doi":"10.14715/cmb/2025.70.1.10","DOIUrl":"10.14715/cmb/2025.70.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endodontic infections, primarily caused due to microbial invasion into the root canal system, pose a significant challenge to dental health and management due to their complex etiology and resistance to conventional treatment. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a key bacterium pathogen that uses the Mfa1 fimbriae for its adhesion and biofilm formation contributing to its pathogenicity. The study explores the potential of Aegle marmelos leaf metabolites as a potential inhibitor of Mfa1 fimbriae using the molecular docking and simulation approach. We assessed the binding affinities of various metabolites with Rutin emerging as a promising candidate due to its strong and stable interactions within the Mfa1 active sites. The findings are also supported by existing literature that underscores the anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties of Aegle marmelos and its phytochemicals. The study also highlights the novelty of targeting Mfa1 fimbriae, a structure not addressed by current therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":9802,"journal":{"name":"Cellular and molecular biology","volume":"71 1","pages":"96-101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143254058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}