Ceylon Medical Journal最新文献

{"title":"Reducing maternal deaths in Sri Lanka: radical changes are needed.","authors":"Hemantha Senanayake, Chathura Ratnayake","doi":"10.4038/cmj.v67i4.9739","DOIUrl":"10.4038/cmj.v67i4.9739","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9777,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47368769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Educational intervention for the prevention of internet addiction disorder among 15-19-year-old adolescents in Colombo district, Sri Lanka.","authors":"Gayan Ariyadasa, Chithramalee De Silva, Nimal Shantha Gamagedara","doi":"10.4038/cmj.v67i4.9740","DOIUrl":"10.4038/cmj.v67i4.9740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Internet addiction disorder is growing as a potentially problematic condition, especially among adolescents. Nonetheless, the condition is widespread and problematic, limited scientific evidence is available on the prevention, and efficacy of the treatment globally as well as locally. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the developed educational package for the prevention of Internet addiction disorder among 15-19-year-old adolescents in Colombo district.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was a quasi-experimental study to determine the effectiveness of an educational intervention for the prevention of Internet addiction disorder. The educational package was developed on Social Cognitive Theory. The contents were designed following a literature review, expertise from a multidisciplinary panel, and using the preliminary results of the descriptive cross-sectional study. Adolescents from two educational zones in Colombo district were purposefully selected for the Intervention group (n=280) and control group (n=290). A self-administered questionnaire including a validated Internet Addiction Test(IAT) Sinhala version was used for the data collection. Following the implementation of the educational package, primary and secondary outcomes were compared between study groups by chi-square test and paired t-test using the SPSS-21 version.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following the intervention, the proportion of adolescents with Internet addiction disorder in the intervention group was less in comparison with the control group and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=9.026, df=1, p=0.003). There was a statistically significant difference between the mean differences of pretest and post-test IAT scores (t=-0.412, df=279, p=0.001) with the reduction of mean IAT scores among the intervention group. The proportion of study participants engaged in social media (χ2=10.6,df=1, p=0.001) and excessive engagement in internet gaming (χ2=5.514, df=1, p=0.019) among the intervention and the control groups revealed a statistically significant difference in favor of the intervention group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The developed educational package was found effective for the prevention of Internet Addiction Disorder and recommended to use in future prevention programs and to aid the policymakers and administrators in the prevention, diagnosis, and management of Internet addiction disorder among this age group.</p>","PeriodicalId":9777,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41688008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying high-risk children for dental caries in school settings: A simple predictive model.","authors":"Danushi Wickramasinghe, Udaya Usgodaarachchi","doi":"10.4038/cmj.v67i4.9744","DOIUrl":"10.4038/cmj.v67i4.9744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Untreated caries in permanent teeth is the most prevalent condition worldwide. Use of a simple, validated caries risk prediction tool will offer a low-cost mechanism to identify high-risk children for targeted preventive programmes.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To develop and validate a caries risk prediction model for 5-6-year-old Sri Lankan children. Methods Two case-control studies were done for model development and validation. Cases and controls were defined as 8-9-year-olds with and without permanent tooth caries respectively. Based on dental records and confirmation by clinical examination, 120 cases and 360 controls for model development, and 100 cases and 100 controls for model validation were selected. Data was collected using dental records and a pretested parental self-administered questionnaire. Risk predictors were identified by logistic regression analysis. Cut-off point was determined by plotting a ROC curve.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four risk predictors were identified: 'having 5 or more posterior decayed teeth' (OR= 2.1, 95% CI: 1.0 - 4.4), 'brushing frequency of once or less' (OR= 3.5, 95% CI: 2.1 - 6.0), 'not using fluoridated toothpaste' (OR= 3.2, 95% CI: 1.8 - 5.6) and 'consuming more than two snacks containing fermentable carbohydrates in between meals' (OR= 1.6, 95% CI: 0.9 - 2.9). A 10-point score was developed. Following external validation, a sensitivity of 31% (95% CI: 22.1% - 41.0 %) and a specificity of 87% (95% CI: 78.8% - 92.9 %) was obtained for a cut-off value of 2.5.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The model could be used to identify high-risk children, especially in areas with higher disease burdens.</p>","PeriodicalId":9777,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41856105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of sun exposure time among Sri Lankan pregnant women.","authors":"Anusha Kaneshapillai, Usha Hettiaratchi, Shamini Prathapan, Guwani Liyanage","doi":"10.4038/cmj.v67i4.9743","DOIUrl":"10.4038/cmj.v67i4.9743","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9777,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41931522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medication Transcription Errors at a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Uva Province, Sri Lanka: A Retrospective study.","authors":"Udana Subodhika Ratnapala, Hameed Shazar, Hirantha Pathirathna, Dhammika Halahakoon, Kapila Hanwellage, Chaminda Liyanage, Duminda Dissanayaka, Illanganthilaka Anuradha, Hiranya Wijesekara, Ranjith Siriwardhana","doi":"10.4038/cmj.v67i4.9748","DOIUrl":"10.4038/cmj.v67i4.9748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Medication transcription is an error-prone process in healthcare settings with paper-based documentation. However, it is often preventable. In Sri Lanka, a uniform medication chart is not currently in use.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe transcription errors with the aim of designing a standardized drug chart to minimize the transcription errors at a tertiary care facility in Uva province, Sri Lanka.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted in selected units at Provincial General Hospital, Badulla. All discharged patients after a minimum of 72 hours hospital stay were included. The drug charts of bedhead tickets were scrutinized for transcription errors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the time of study, four types of charts were in use. In total 272 drug charts, the median number of drugs was 9 (Interquartile range - IQR 6-12). Median length of patient's stay was 4 days (IQR 3-6). We encountered at least one transcription error of medication details in 88.6% charts. Amongst, medication name transcription error was the most common (220, 80.9%) followed by route (114, 41.9%) and frequency errors (70, 25.7%). During transcribing drug names, majority of charts had spelling errors (203, 74.6%). Although there was a statistically significant association between number of prescribed drugs and presence of at least one medication transcription error (p<.001), there was no significant association to number of days of patient stay (p=.99).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The selected center has a significantly high prevalence of medication transcription errors. Hence, introducing a uniform medication administration chart is encouraged to minimize the opportunities for adverse patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9777,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47847929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Occupational Radiation Exposure from C-arm Fluoroscopy during Common Orthopaedic Surgical Procedures: DAP-based Dose Simulation Method.","authors":"Sudeeptha Liyanage, Hiran Tharanga Wickramarathne, Udari Kalpana, Badra Hewavithana","doi":"10.4038/cmj.v67i4.9745","DOIUrl":"10.4038/cmj.v67i4.9745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of fluoroscopy in orthopaedic operations cause a risk for radiation-induced carcinoma for the theatre staff. Thus, the aim of the study was to calculate the occupational radiation doses (ORD) for the orthopaedic theatre crew during fluoroscopy-guided surgeries and to compare them with accepted reference standards. The end Dose Area Products (DAP) were recorded for the commonest 3 types of orthopaedic surgeries by observing 50 surgeries in 2 hospital. The ORD for 4 types of theatre personnel were simulated using. ORDs were statistically analyzed. The calculated mean annual dosage was 0.977mSv. All dosages fell significantly below the reference threshold (20mSv) or less annually. The mean doses that each member of the staff received during the same surgery was different from one another. The orthopaedic surgeon predominantly receives the highest ORD (88.89%), whilst the anaesthetist receives the least (77.78%).</p>","PeriodicalId":9777,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46371714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitudes and self-perceived competencies on palliative care among medical officers at National Cancer Institute, Sri Lanka.","authors":"Ruchira Sarangi Ekanayake, Irosha Nilaweera, Chiranthika Vithana, Sachintha Dilhani, Sashiprabha Nawaratne, Suraj Perera","doi":"10.4038/cmj.v67i4.9747","DOIUrl":"10.4038/cmj.v67i4.9747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Though palliative care is an essential component in the continuum of cancer care, it is still at an evolving phase in Sri Lanka.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify knowledge, attitude, self-perceived competencies in practicing palliative care and factors associated among medical officers in National Cancer Institute, Sri Lanka. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among doctors in National Cancer Institute in 2020/21 using self-administered questionnaire to assess knowledge, attitudes and self-perceived competencies on palliative care. Doctors worked less than 3 months and directly not involved in patient care were excluded. Scoring systems were used to assess knowledge, attitudes and self-perceived competencies. A descriptive analysis of data was done using SPSS 21 using median scores, frequencies and chi- square test. Ethical clearance was taken from the Ethical Review Committee, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 120 doctors included in the study, 83 (69.3%) were females and 37 (30.7%) were males. Majority 101(84.2%) were Sinhalese. Sixty (60%) were 31-40 years. Eleven (9.2%) had training in service. Five (4.2%) had a percentage score for knowledge ≤50 while 57 (47.5%) had > 75. Only 3 (2.5%) had a percentage score for attitudes of 51-75 while 116 (96.7%) had > 75. For competency level 57 (47.5%) had percentage score ≤50 while 23 (19.2%) had > 75. Ethnicity, age, work experience, receiving undergraduate training were not significantly associated with knowledge, attitudes and practices (p > .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Though level of knowledge and attitudes were high, self -perceived competencies were low which highlights the need of training in palliative care. Eg: undergraduate curricular and in-service.</p>","PeriodicalId":9777,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47835918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Awareness, attitude and willingness regards cadaveric organ donation and awareness of brain death among Sarawakians in Kuching, Malaysia","authors":"K. G. Lim, Aaron S. K. Tan, Sai Chin Wong, Elaine G. K. Tee, Ismail Abdul Sattar Burud","doi":"10.4038/cmj.v67i3.9699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cmj.v67i3.9699","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9777,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49087812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changing paradigm in the management of type 2 diabetes","authors":"P. Katulanda","doi":"10.4038/cmj.v67i3.9706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4038/cmj.v67i3.9706","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9777,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42879681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Intra-Dialytic Parenteral Nutrition (IDPN) on malnourished maintenance haemodialysis patients - Case Series.","authors":"Amarathunga Hashan Kawshalya, Jayamini Kumari Pathiraja, Duminda Basnayaka","doi":"10.4038/cmj.v67i3.9700","DOIUrl":"10.4038/cmj.v67i3.9700","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9777,"journal":{"name":"Ceylon Medical Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44506192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}