Chaos Solitons & Fractals最新文献

{"title":"Quantum reservoir computing in atomic lattices","authors":"Guillem Llodrà ,&nbsp;Pere Mujal ,&nbsp;Roberta Zambrini ,&nbsp;Gian Luca Giorgi","doi":"10.1016/j.chaos.2025.116289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chaos.2025.116289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantum reservoir computing (QRC) exploits the dynamical properties of quantum systems to perform machine learning tasks. We demonstrate that optimal performance in QRC can be achieved without relying on disordered systems. Systems with all-to-all topologies and random couplings are generally considered to minimize redundancies and enhance performance. In contrast, our work investigates the one-dimensional Bose–Hubbard model with homogeneous couplings, where a chaotic phase arises from the interplay between coupling and interaction terms. Interestingly, we find that performance in different tasks can be enhanced either in the chaotic regime or in the weak interaction limit. Our findings challenge conventional design principles and indicate the potential for simpler and more efficient QRC implementations tailored to specific tasks in Bose–Hubbard lattices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9764,"journal":{"name":"Chaos Solitons & Fractals","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 116289"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reinforcement learning in spatial public goods games with environmental feedbacks","authors":"Shaojie Lv ,&nbsp;Jiaying Li ,&nbsp;Changheng Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.chaos.2025.116296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chaos.2025.116296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The feedback between strategy and environment is ubiquitous in nature and human society, which has been receiving increasing attention from researchers. Meanwhile, Q-learning allows players to explore the optimal strategy by interacting with the environment. In this paper, we introduce the Q-learning into the spatial public goods game with environmental feedbacks. The simulation results show that the environmental feedback can promote cooperation. The increase of synergy coefficient <span><math><mi>r</mi></math></span> and strength of the environmental feedback <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span> is beneficial for the evolution of cooperation. The effects of discount factor <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span> on the cooperation level of the population are non-monotonic. When <span><math><mi>r</mi></math></span> or <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span> is low, the high values of <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span> can promote the emergence of cooperation. However, with the increase of <span><math><mi>r</mi></math></span> and <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>, the low values of <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span> are more favorable to the evolution of cooperation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9764,"journal":{"name":"Chaos Solitons & Fractals","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 116296"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A soliton hierarchy derived from a fourth-order matrix spectral problem possessing four fields","authors":"Wen-Xiu Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.chaos.2025.116309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chaos.2025.116309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper is dedicated to the construction of integrable commuting flows starting from a fourth-order matrix spectral problem involving four fields, which is derived from a specialized matrix Lie algebra over the real domain. This work includes the development of an explicit bi-Hamiltonian formulation and a hereditary recursion structure, which confirms the hierarchy’s integrability in the Liouville sense. Furthermore, we examine two second-order and third-order integrable models, along with their reduced, uncombined forms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9764,"journal":{"name":"Chaos Solitons & Fractals","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 116309"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal strategy for non-zero cost inhibiting in a stochastic microorganism flocculation model under environmental noise","authors":"Xiaojie Mu ,&nbsp;Qimin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.chaos.2025.116306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chaos.2025.116306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a new stochastic microorganism flocculation model that takes into account saturated control and environmental noise, in which inhibitors are used as control variables. Due to the difficulty in deriving the optimal control through solving state equations and adjoint equations, this paper investigates a near-optimal control problem, aiming to effectively control the growth of harmful microorganisms and minimize the cost of inhibitor expenditure. Initially, we establish priori estimates for nutrients, harmful microorganisms, flocculating microorganisms, and microorganism flocculants in the stochastic system. Furthermore, by applying the Pontryagin stochastic maximum principle, we derive sufficient and necessary conditions for achieving near-optimality in our novel system. Our findings reveal that white noise has a significant impact on microorganisms, and harmful microorganisms with inhibitors decline at a faster rate than those without them. Finally, we use numerical simulation to illustrate our conclusions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9764,"journal":{"name":"Chaos Solitons & Fractals","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 116306"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding angular dependence on transmission efficiency of Airyprime-Gaussian beam in dual-ring configurations","authors":"Jiahao Chen ,&nbsp;Hongfei Gao ,&nbsp;Jian He ,&nbsp;Yimin Zhou ,&nbsp;Fei Wang ,&nbsp;Yangjian Cai ,&nbsp;Guoquan Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.chaos.2025.116342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chaos.2025.116342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the current pursuit of extreme laser efficiency in fields such as optical communication, how can we achieve optimal transmission effects with minimal energy consumption? The angle has emerged as a crucial key in this endeavor. This paper aims to investigate the impact of inter-ring angles on the transmission efficiency of dual-ring Airyprime-Gaussian beam array (DAPGBA), specifically analyzing the beam's auto-focusing capability, power, and auto-focusing efficiency, with experimental validation conducted. The results indicate that variations in angles do not significantly affect the transmission process of the array beams; rather, they determine the characteristics of the initial plane intensity distribution. When the initial planar local light intensity exhibits monopole convergence, the auto-focusing capability reaches its minimum. Conversely, when the local light intensity demonstrates multipole balance, the auto-focusing capability attains its maximum value. This differentiation manifests a nonlinear variation in the intensity distribution characterized by an ordered-to-chaotic transition. To facilitate a more effective measurement of transmission efficiency, a concept of auto-focusing efficiency is introduced. In scenarios where perfect double auto-focusing is achieved, it was observed that rotating the outer ring results in variations in the initial plane power, auto-focusing capability, and efficiency of the DAPGBA as a function of the rotation angle. Through the selection of angular parameters, we achieved nonlinear geometric regulation of the initial light intensity distribution in DAPGBA, thereby optimizing its transmission efficiency. When <em>N</em> = 8, the auto-focusing capability of 13.50 is obtained with the auto-focusing efficiency of 35.00 %. When <em>N</em> = 12, the auto-focusing capability reaches 17.30, with the auto-focusing efficiency up to 36.02 %. When <em>N</em> = 16, the auto-focusing capability of 21.60 is achieved, while the auto-focusing efficiency climbs to 43.15 %, and the power increases within 3.50 % compared with the minimum value. This approach provides a novel direction for improving multi-ring arrays, greatly enhancing the potential applications of such array beams in cutting-edge fields such as laser medicine, optical communication, lidar, and quantum optics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9764,"journal":{"name":"Chaos Solitons & Fractals","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 116342"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entanglement dynamics in QED processes","authors":"M. Blasone ,&nbsp;S. De Siena ,&nbsp;G. Lambiase ,&nbsp;C. Matrella ,&nbsp;B. Micciola","doi":"10.1016/j.chaos.2025.116305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chaos.2025.116305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We reformulate the phenomenon of maximal entanglement conservation in Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) scattering processes, previously discussed in earlier works, using the tools of quantum maps and invariant sets. These sets are characterized as hypersurfaces within the six-dimensional parameter space. Furthermore, we speculate over a possible irreversible (ever-increasing) behavior of entanglement in QED scatterings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9764,"journal":{"name":"Chaos Solitons & Fractals","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 116305"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase transitions in operation of heterogeneous vehicles mixed with human-driven and connected autonomous vehicles under speed restriction circumstances","authors":"Can Jin ,&nbsp;Guanghan Peng ,&nbsp;Yixin Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.chaos.2025.116328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chaos.2025.116328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the traffic road physical environment, there are many physical factors that affect vehicles speed, such as slopes, bends, and spiral roads. For vehicle safety on non-flat road, the speed restriction requirements are applied for road management. Especially in the mixed traffic involving connected autonomous vehicles (CAVs) and human-driven vehicles (HDVs), it is even more necessary to enhance vehicle safety through speed restriction on rugged roads. Consequently, to cope with the influence of complex road physical facilities, the speed restriction effect (SRE) is adopted to build a novel lattice model for heterogeneous vehicles covering CAVs and HDVs. Subsequently, we infer the stable requirement affected by the SRE and the penetration of CAVs. Also, the mKdV equation is significantly affected by the SRE and the penetration of CAVs based on nonlinear analysis. Additionally, the impacts of the SRE and the penetration of CAVs on mixed traffic behaviors have been investigated from two aspects involving density wave and limit loop via simulations. Simulation results discover that heterogeneous vehicles behaviors exhibit a positive stability trend owing to the SRE and the penetration of CAVs, which signifies that the SRE is an important factor being considered in heterogeneous vehicles including CAVs and HDVs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9764,"journal":{"name":"Chaos Solitons & Fractals","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 116328"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-coupling in hydrodynamic phase-field models for nonisothermal binary fluids","authors":"Shouwen Sun ,&nbsp;Jun Li ,&nbsp;Qi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.chaos.2025.116286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chaos.2025.116286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we present a general thermodynamically consistent hydrodynamic phase-field model for nonisothermal binary viscous fluids. This model incorporates cross-coupling effects among phase, velocity and temperature, while adhering to the generalized Onsager principle and conservation laws. We systematically explore its validity across the model parameter space and provide guidelines for determining consistent, dissipative physical boundary conditions. This model preserves both fluid phase volumes and ensures positive entropy production under adiabatic and dissipative boundary conditions. We then specifically investigate the phase-temperature coupling in detail, elucidating roles played by additional reversible (nondissipative) and irreversible(dissipative) processes due to the cross-coupling. Leveraging the entropy quadratization strategy, we develop a theoretical framework for devising second-order, entropy-production-rate-preserving numerical schemes for the model. We validate the schemes through mesh refinement tests and demonstrate its efficacy using an adaptive time-stepping strategy. Four distinct phase-temperature coupling scenarios are examined to illustrate the model’s capacity to capture complex interfacial dynamics in the context of Rayleigh–Bénard convection in nonisothermal binary viscous fluids. The role of cross-coupling parameters in promoting or retarding heat convection and fluid mixing via either the entropy-enhancing or entropy-preserving cross-coupling is qualitatively identified. This work advances the field by providing a robust, physically consistent framework for modeling nonisothermal binary fluid systems, with potential applications in materials science, geophysics, and engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9764,"journal":{"name":"Chaos Solitons & Fractals","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 116286"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Q-learning facilitates norm emergence in metanorm game model with topological structures","authors":"Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Dongkai Zhao ,&nbsp;Xing Jin ,&nbsp;Huizhen Zhang ,&nbsp;Tianbo An ,&nbsp;Guanghai Cui ,&nbsp;Zhen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.chaos.2025.116297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chaos.2025.116297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Axelrod’s model and its subsequent studies have become a valuable framework for fostering cooperation norms among self-interested agents. Within this framework, the concepts of “boldness” and “vengefulness” are specifically employed to characterize agents’ behaviors in terms of cooperation and punishment (including metapunishment). Describing behavior solely through the parameters B and V may be overly simplistic and lacks generalizability, making it difficult to apply to other scenarios. Moreover, privacy concerns and the difficulty of evaluating complex states in real-world scenarios limit agents’ access to detailed payoff information from their neighbors. To address these questions, our paper employs self-regarding Q-learning, a well-established method for examining the dynamics of strategy updates and agents’ learning processes, to investigate whether metanorms can naturally emerge through players’ strategy selection. Through extensive experiments, we observe cooperative norms’ successful emergence driven by agents’ strategy selection variations. Over 90% of agents choose to cooperate on average. In subsequent analyses, we explore the underlying reasons for the emergence of cooperative norms from perspectives of changes in Q-values, punishment and metapunishment frequencies. Additionally, we examine the impact of topological structures on players’ strategy selection and assess the emergence of norms across different temptation levels, population sizes, and regulatory intensity levels to validate the model’s sensitivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9764,"journal":{"name":"Chaos Solitons & Fractals","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 116297"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The self-rotating beams base on diametric drive acceleration related to band curvature in a nonlocal two-dimensional square photonic lattice","authors":"Shuxia Mo,&nbsp;Yinuo Cui,&nbsp;Wei Hu,&nbsp;Daquan Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.chaos.2025.116268","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chaos.2025.116268","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optical diametric drive acceleration, also known as self-acceleration, has been predicted theoretically and verified experimentally in one-dimensional(1D) photonic lattices, which appears as two beams bending in the same direction. This phenomenon results from the interaction between two beams with positive and negative effective masses which are defined by energy band curvature. In contrast to 1D case, the band curvature is a second-order tensor in a two-dimensional(2D) photonic lattice, which may be isotropic or anisotropic. The energy bands exhibit a close relationship with the lattice structure, and the simplest square photonic lattice with three high symmetry points has been selected for this paper. We investigate the propagation of the anisotropic X-beam and the isotropic M-beam under the self-defocusing Kerr nonlinearity. The result shows that X-beam and M-beam bend in the same direction when they are staggered only in the x-direction. This is consistent with self-acceleration in 1D photonic lattices. And when their incident position is staggered in both the x-direction and y-direction, they undergo a rotation during propagation, which we call self-rotation. This self-rotation possesses a novel mechanism in that the beams under study do not require a helical structure similar to vortex beams, do not need to take into account the spin–orbit interactions and pseudospin-mediated, and just propagate in a 2D non-chiral photonic material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9764,"journal":{"name":"Chaos Solitons & Fractals","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 116268"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}