Case Studies in Construction Materials最新文献

{"title":"Extraction and characterization of nanocellulose from bemban fibre for cement-based composite","authors":"Cut Rahmawati ,&nbsp;Muhammad Faisal ,&nbsp;Roslidar ,&nbsp;Fitriani ,&nbsp;Jawad Ahmad ,&nbsp;Intan Muliana","doi":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The utilization of natural fibers in composite cement faces issues due to the presence of lignin and hemicellulose, which hinder the strength of the fibers as reinforcements. This study aims to investigate the characteristics of Bemban Fibres (<em>Donax canniformis</em>)/BF as reinforcement in cement-based composite. Cellulose was extracted from the stem fibres using alkali treatment, bleaching, and acid hydrolysis methods to obtain Bemban Fibre Nanocellulose (BFNC) which exhibits favorable compressive strength properties. Microstructural characterization was conducted through X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Compressive strength testing was performed on cement-based composites with the addition of BFNC at 0 %, 1 %, 2 %, and 3 % by weight. The results indicated that BFNC contains 42.4 % cellulose. The diameter of the BFNC ranged from 6 to 28 nm. BFNC exhibited significant potential in terms of thermal properties compared to untreated fibers. As a highly effective reinforcing component, it demonstrates excellent resistance to degradation at elevated temperatures and improves the mechanical strength of the cement-based composite. The incorporation of 1 % BFNC was found to improve the compressive strength by 9.38 % compared to the control specimens. This indicates that BFNC processed through acid hydrolysis has a better surface and enhanced bonding capabilities between particles. The utilization of 1 % BFNC has been proven effective in increasing the compressive strength of cement composites, making it suitable as a reinforcing material and feasible for application in construction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9641,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article e04100"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical-field investigation of the effect of elastic modulus parameter of the cement treated base (CTB) according to FAA manual on the airfield concrete block pavement (ACBP) performance","authors":"Amir Ebrahim Daheshpour ,&nbsp;Parham Hayati","doi":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The demand for high-performance concrete block pavements (CBPs) in airport aprons has grown due to their influence on service quality and Foreign Object Debris (FOD) prevention. CBPs offer notable advantages in maintenance and tensile strength. This study evaluates the load-bearing capacity and deflection behavior of airfield concrete block pavement (ACBP) under Boeing 747–8 F loads, integrating field measurements and ABAQUS software analysis. Constructed with a compacted subgrade, sub-base, crushed aggregate base, cement-treated base (CTB), and herringbone-patterned concrete blocks, the pavement structure was tested with the Plate Loading Test (PLT) under varied conditions. Deflections at different points were recorded using LVDT sensors, and 3D simulations focused on evaluating the performance of the CTB layer and its influence on the behavior of airfield block pavement. The findings highlight the significant role of CTB tensile strain in determining pavement performance under heavy loads. Optimizing the elastic modulus of CTB layers can effectively minimize deflection and ensure compliance with FAA standards. Notably, deflection at the pavement corner was 50 % greater than at the center under 740.4 kPa pressure, underscoring the importance of design improvements to support repeated loadings. A CTB with the minimum FAA-compliant elastic modulus is recommended to enhance load-bearing performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9641,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article e04120"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of waterborne epoxy-modified cement mortar with copper slag fillers: Hydration, material performance, and pore structure","authors":"Yongtong Fan ,&nbsp;Xueliang Chen ,&nbsp;Kunqi Ling ,&nbsp;Han Chen ,&nbsp;Tengfei Fu ,&nbsp;Wendi Liu ,&nbsp;Renhui Qiu ,&nbsp;Mingen Fei","doi":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, there has been a growing focus on urban renewal in China. Many cement-based repair and grouting materials have been developed and widely applied in building renovation projects. However, traditional cement mortar materials have disadvantages such as low bonding strength and poor corrosion resistance. As a common polymer modifier for repair mortar, epoxy resin has superior mechanical properties, bonding strength, and corrosion strength. Whereas most epoxy modifiers can be inherently insufficient to prevent crack initiation and propagation, and increase cost. In this work, different amounts of waterborne epoxy resin were incorporated into cement mortar and their impacts on cement hydration, mortar performance, and pore structure were comprehensively investigated. The 28-d compressive strength and flexural strength of the repair mortar reached 41.75 MPa and 7.99 MPa, respectively, with a polymer/cement ratio of 10 %. By partially replacing standard sand with solid waste copper slag, the workability and durability of the mortar was further improved. The pore structure of the mortar was altered, leading to a more rational distribution of pores and a reduction in both porosity and pore diameter. Less harmful pores (2.07 %) and more harmless pores (47.09 %) were detected within the mortar CPCM10 when an appropriate amount of copper slag fillers was used. This study introduced a strategy to properly enhance the performance of repair mortar by incorporating polymer and fillers. Additionally, it explored a potential solution for solid waste management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9641,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article e04054"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strength characteristics and microstructure of silty sand improved by red mud, lime and fly ash under dry-wet cycle","authors":"Song Yin,&nbsp;Siyue Zheng,&nbsp;Xinming Li,&nbsp;Zhiliu Wang,&nbsp;Pan Yan,&nbsp;Ya He,&nbsp;Yuru Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Red mud is a kind of solid waste, which can be used as engineering roadbed filler after proper treatment. Due to the special physical and chemical properties of red mud, such as high liquid limit and high plasticity index, it may affect the stability of soil. Therefore, red mud can be improved by adding traditional inorganic binders such as lime and fly ash to improve its road performance as roadbed filler. Red mud-based modified silty sand subgrade filler will be affected by dry-wet alternation caused by various factors in practical application, thus affecting the durability of the material. In order to study the strength degradation characteristics and microstructure changes of red mud, lime and fly ash modified silty sand subgrade filler after dry-wet cycle, the samples of different curing ages were subjected to 0 ∼ 10 dry-wet cycles, and their compressive strength, microstructure and environmental control indexes were tested and analyzed. The results show that the sample cured for 90 days has the strongest toughness and the best ability to resist dry and wet deformation. With the increase of the number of dry-wet cycles, the mass loss rate of the sample is in the range of 6∼7 %, and the unconfined compressive properties and tensile properties decrease first and then increase. There are continuous hydration reactions and pozzolanic reactions in the soil, but the degree of physical damage in the early stage of the dry-wet cycle is large, and the later cementitious products have a certain offsetting effect on the structural damage. The internal cracks of the sample without dry-wet cycle are less and the structure is dense. After the dry-wet cycle, the microstructure of the sample changed greatly, and the cracks increased and showed different forms. Through SEM image analysis, it was found that the pore structure of the sample changed during the dry-wet cycle, which corresponded to the change law of mechanical properties. After wetting-drying cycles, the leaching concentration of heavy metals in the modified soil increased slightly, but the overall concentration value was low, which was not a toxic substance and could be used as a roadbed material. The study reveals the influence of dry-wet cycle on the strength characteristics and microstructure of red mud, lime and fly ash synergistically improved silty sand, which provides a technical reference for the engineering application of red mud-based materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9641,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article e04116"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field study evolution on a porous asphalt mixture pavement containing ladle furnace slag","authors":"Marta Skaf ,&nbsp;A.B. Espinosa ,&nbsp;V. Ortega-López ,&nbsp;V. Revilla-Cuesta ,&nbsp;J.M. Manso","doi":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A three-year study tracking the performance of a novel, environmentally sustainable pavement, a Porous Asphalt (PA) mix incorporating Ladle Furnace (LF) slag, is presented in this paper. A thin layer of this material was applied over an existing pavement, in a pilot project of approximately 300 m². The main results of the research refer to the successful scaling up from laboratory design to full-scale manufacturing, laying, and compaction, validating the use of up to 10 % LF slag in the mixture. The pavement demonstrated satisfactory durability in terms of resistance to abrasion, accelerated aging, frost, and humidity. The leaching behavior of the mixture remained well below regulatory limits. Over the three-year monitoring period, skid resistance remained stable, consistently exceeding 70 BPN (British Pendulum Number), while the permeability coefficient in dust-protected areas was maintained at 10⁻¹ cm/s. Moreover, visual inspections revealed no surface deficiencies throughout the study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9641,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article e04115"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable road construction materials incorporating dam sediment and eucalyptus ash waste: A circular economy framework","authors":"Nunthanis Wongvatana ,&nbsp;Asarut Noorak ,&nbsp;Hatairat Poorahong ,&nbsp;Pornkasem Jongpradist ,&nbsp;Susit Chaiprakaikeow ,&nbsp;Pitthaya Jamsawang","doi":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the innovative use of dam sediments stabilized with eucalyptus wood ash (EA) and cement as sustainable materials for road construction, advancing waste utilization in infrastructure development. The novelty lies in the optimization of EA, a biomass waste with pozzolanic properties, as a stabilizer, providing a cost-effective and eco-friendly alternative to traditional methods. Destructive tests demonstrated that the optimal mixture containing 10 % EA and cement achieved an unconfined compressive strength of 7.7 MPa after 28 days, marking a 770 % improvement over untreated sediments. California bearing ratio tests yielded a peak value of 55 %, surpassing subbase material standards. Nondestructive tests using free-free resonance revealed strong correlations between compressive strength and wave velocities, with shear and compressional wave velocities reaching 600 and 990 m/s, respectively. Microstructural analyses showed significant formation of calcium silicate hydrate, with a 30 % increase in content, enhancing interparticle bonding and sediment densification. This study also introduces a novel framework for cost analysis, revealing a 6.6-fold reduction in construction costs due to the local availability of stabilized sediments. Furthermore, leaching tests confirmed the environmental safety of the materials, highlighting their potential as a green and economically viable solution for road construction. These findings underscore the innovative integration of waste materials into high-performance construction applications, advancing the principles of circular economy and sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9641,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article e04118"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performances of asphalt mastic incorporating with a home-made sustained-releasing salt storage additive","authors":"Wei Du ,&nbsp;Qing-liang Wang ,&nbsp;Yong-xu Li ,&nbsp;Xiao-ning Wang ,&nbsp;Xiao-cun Liu ,&nbsp;Ya-fei Wang ,&nbsp;Yan-min Wang ,&nbsp;Jin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The absence of intrinsic deicing capabilities in conventional asphalt mastic poses a critical challenge in cold-climate regions, where the accumulation of snow and ice can result in hazardous traffic conditions. This research introduces the synthesis and integration of a proprietary salt-storage additive, designated DN-PF, into asphalt mastic for the development of self-deicing pavements. The DN-PF additive comprises a sodium chloride (NaCl) core, supported by diatomite and encapsulated in a phenolic resin matrix, engineered to confer self-deicing functionality to asphalt mastic. The DN-PF asphalt mastic was prepared by substituting all filler with equivalent-volume of DN-PF. A comprehensive assessment of the asphalt mastic properties were investigated via penetration, ductility, softening point, the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR) tests. The sustained-releasing efficacy of the DN-PF asphalt mastic was also examined by conductivity test. The results indicated that the inclusion of DN-PF improves the high temperature stability and shear resistance of the DN-PF asphalt mastic. However, it also decreases the plasticity and low-temperature anti-cracking property of the mastic. The dissolution amount of snowmelt salt remained stable with uniform dissolution speed, highlighting enhanced sustained-release properties of additives. However, in our study the DSR experimental design was constrained to temperature scanning, neglecting frequency and time domain scanning, which precluded a comprehensive assessment of mid-temperature fatigue performance. As a result, the fatigue behavior at intermediate temperatures necessitates further research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9641,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article e04114"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting residual strength of hybrid fibre-reinforced Self-compacting concrete (HFR-SCC) exposed to elevated temperatures using machine learning","authors":"Muhammad Saud Khan ,&nbsp;Liqiang Ma ,&nbsp;Waleed Bin Inqiad ,&nbsp;Majid Khan ,&nbsp;Naseer Muhammad Khan ,&nbsp;Saad S. Alarifi","doi":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hybrid fibre-reinforced Self-compacting concrete (HFR-SCC) offers significant advantages over conventional concrete like increased ductility, crack resistance, and eliminating the need for compaction etc. However, it is very difficult to determine residual strength properties of HFR-SCC after a fire event since it requires rigorous experimental work and resources. Thus, this research presents innovative ways for reliable prediction of compressive strength (cs), flexural strength (fs), and tensile strength (ts) of HFR-SCC using different machine learning (ML) algorithms including gene expression programming (GEP), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), AdaBoost, and random forest regression (RFR). The data to be used for this purpose was obtained from internationally published literature having nine inputs including cement, fly ash, temperature, fibre content etc. and three output parameters i.e., cs, ts, and fs. The collected dataset was split into two sets named training and testing sets to be used for training the algorithms and testing their accuracy respectively. The developed predictive models were validated by error metrices including coefficient of determination <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>, performance index (PI), and a20-index, etc. The comparison of the algorithms revealed that XGB surpassed its counterparts having testing <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> values equal to 0.998, 0.997, and 0.999 for cs, ts, and fs prediction respectively. Also, the PI values were the lowest for XGB-based predictive model in both phases of training and testing. Thus, Shapely Additive Analysis (SHAP) was performed on the XGB model which revealed that temperature, fibre content, and cement are some of the main contributors to predict the three outputs. The developed predictive models presented in this study can be utilized effectively by the professionals to estimate the residual strength of HFR-SCC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9641,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article e04112"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental simulation for pile integrity: Electromagnetic assessment and pore topology analyses","authors":"Dongsoo Lee ,&nbsp;Jong-Sub Lee ,&nbsp;Jung-Doung Yu ,&nbsp;Junghee Park","doi":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper describes the assessment of concrete pile integrity using time domain reflectometry. Miniature concrete piles with voids or concrete quality defects were prepared for this experiment. Two types of transmission lines (with and without connectors) were installed inside the piles to measure electromagnetic wave signals obtained and analyzed over a curing period of 28 d. The experimental results revealed the possibility of identifying voids and concrete quality defects using electromagnetic wave signals. All transmission lines identified void defects owing to the higher wave velocity in the void compared to that in concrete. For concrete quality defects, the transmission line without connectors proved inadequate, whereas the transmission line with connectors successfully differentiated various concrete qualities by comparing the wave velocities in sections divided by the connectors. The results regarding concrete quality indicated that a lower water-cement (w/c) ratio of 0.35 initially exhibited higher wave velocity (1.49 ×10⁸ m/s) than the higher w/c ratio of 0.55 (1.46 ×10⁸ m/s). However, as the curing period progressed, a higher w/c ratio of 0.55 resulted in a higher velocity (1.59 ×10⁸ m/s) than that with a lower w/c ratio of 0.35 (1.53 ×10⁸ m/s). The crossing of the velocities was explained by the changes in permittivity and porosity during the curing period. Furthermore, the permittivity estimation showed consistent results based on the porosity and material properties. This study presents the potential of transmission lines with connectors in assessing the integrity of specific sections in concrete piles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9641,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article e04108"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of construction spoil and coal gangue in sintered blocks: A case study in Xuchang City","authors":"Qi Gao ,&nbsp;Yue Lu ,&nbsp;Jianzhuang Xiao ,&nbsp;Fumin Ren ,&nbsp;Jinming Jia ,&nbsp;Jianyu Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address environmental pollution and promote the reuse of construction spoil (CS) and coal gangue (CG), this study investigates the production of sintered blocks using these waste materials. The mixture of CS and CG was prepared through vacuum extrusion and subsequently fired to create sintered block samples. The mechanical properties, phase transformations, and microstructure of the sintered blocks were characterized through mechanical testing, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and environmental pollution analysis. The results revealed that the compressive strength of strip sintered blocks notably high, while double-hole blocks with a height-width ratio of 1:1 demonstrated superior resistance to freeze-thaw cycles. Furthermore, the environmental pollution risk from heavy metals during the production of sintered block was significantly reduced compared to the raw materials. This study demonstrates that the utilization of CS and CG in sintered blocks production presents a viable solution for waste disposal, offering both environmental protection and resource recovery benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9641,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article e04102"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}