Case Studies in Construction Materials最新文献

{"title":"Study on the workability, strength, durability and environmental performance of alkali-activated electrolytic manganese slag-fly ash-slag grouting materials","authors":"Yongquan Chen ,&nbsp;Zhonghu Wu ,&nbsp;Chi Zeng ,&nbsp;Yuan Liu ,&nbsp;Shaoyun Pu ,&nbsp;Hui Zhang ,&nbsp;Zheng Feng ,&nbsp;Kun Xu ,&nbsp;Deliang Ni","doi":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In engineering applications, groundwater, Cl^-, SO₄^2- and other erosive environments significantly affect the performance of grouting materials and their service life. In this work, the changes in the durability performance of manganese slag-based grouting material (EMCGM) under the erosive conditions of groundwater, a NaCl solution and a Na₂SO₄ solution were investigated, and the feasibility of the use of EMCGM was explored through the aspects of its basic performance, residual strength factor, toxic leaching and environmental and economic benefits. The study revealed that the compressive strength of EMCGM can reach 16.2 ∼19.3 MPa in 28d of standard maintenance, and the flexural strength can reach 5.9–7 MPa. According to the residual strength coefficient, the order of the erosion effect is as follows: NaCl solution &gt; Na₂SO₄ solution &gt; groundwater, and the main reason for the decrease in the durability performance of the samples after erosion is the dissolution of some of the hydration products and corrosion. The leaching concentration of heavy metals in EMCGM is lower than the national standard, which is in line with the environmental protection requirements. Microstructural analysis revealed that the main hydration products were C-(A)-S-H and N-A-S-H, accompanied by ettringite formation. In addition, the average cost of EMCGM is 1250 RMB/t, and the average carbon emission is 84.86 kg/t, which is significantly lower than that of other grouting materials on the market, making this material advantageous for green, low-carbon and economically efficient, applications and endowing it with broad application prospects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9641,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article e04199"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering properties and life cycle assessment of a rapidly clayey soil stabilizer utilizing alkali-activated GFRP waste powder and slag","authors":"Zhenying Xie ,&nbsp;Dan Yu ,&nbsp;Jun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cscm.2025.e04204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscm.2025.e04204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing production of waste glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) is causing severe environmental pollution, highlighting the need for an effective treatment method. This study explores recycling waste GFRP powder to substitute ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) in synthesizing geopolymers, aiming to rapidly stabilize clayey soil. The impact of GFRP powder replacement, alkali solution concentration, alkaline activator/precursor (A/P) ratio, and binder content on the geomechanical properties and permeability of stabilized soil was thoroughly examined. The findings revealed that replacing GFRP powder from 20 wt% to 40 wt% lowered the unconfined compressive strength (UCS). However, soil stabilized with 30 wt% GFRP powder displayed the highest shear strength. This indicates that the incorporation of an appropriate amount of GFRP powder elevates clay cohesion. Furthermore, an increase in GFRP powder replacement improved permeability coefficient in the early stages, with minimal impact observed after 28 days. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis revealed a microstructural evolution of the stabilized soil, transitioning from a porous to a denser, more homogeneous composition over the curing period, which can be attributed to the formation of cluster gels enveloping the soil particles. Life cycle assessment (LCA) analysis indicated that the GFRP powder/GGBS geopolymer presents an alternative option to traditional Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) binder, featuring a global warming potential (GWP)/strength ratio reduction of 6 %-40 %. This research offers a practical solution for effectively utilizing GFRP waste in a sustainable manner, with minimal energy consumption and pollution, thereby contributing to the sustainable development of soil stabilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9641,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article e04204"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the rheological properties and microstructural analysis of Nano-expanded Perlite modified asphalt binder","authors":"Saeid Hesami ,&nbsp;Mohammad Mahzari ,&nbsp;Saeid Sobhi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Ali Bay","doi":"10.1016/j.cscm.2025.e04208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscm.2025.e04208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The utilization of additives to improve the properties of asphalt binders has attracted considerable attention in recent years. This study aims to improve asphalt binder performance and damage resistance in asphalt pavements by incorporating Nano-Expanded Perlite (NEP) as a modifier. Asphalt binders were modified with varying percentages of NEP (0 %, 2 %, 4 %, and 6 %) and characterized using conventional and performance tests [i.e., rotational viscosity (RV), dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), bending beam rheometer (BBR)] to evaluate their rheological properties. Microstructural analyses, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), were also conducted. The findings revealed adding up to 6 % NEP increased the softening point, complex modulus (G*), and viscosity while decreasing penetration grade, phase angle (δ), and ductility of the modified asphalt binder. NEP improved the high-temperature performance grade by one grade and enhanced rutting resistance without adversely affecting the low-temperature cracking resistance. Furthermore, NEP-modified binder demonstrated good performance at intermediate and low temperatures despite increased binder stiffness. The microstructural analyses indicated uniform dispersion of NEP elements on the modified binder surface, and the Si element from the Perlite nanoparticles exhibited the highest proportion in the modified asphalt binder, acting as fillers within the binder matrix. Overall, these characteristics of Perlite enabled it to enhance the rheological properties and performance of the asphalt binder, acting as an effective modifier when incorporated into the binder and displaying favorable performance at various temperature conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9641,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article e04208"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influences of superabsorbent polymer (SAP) on the compressive strength and crack-healing ability of self-compacting concrete containing high-volume ground bottom ash","authors":"Siwakorn Chitthawornmanee ,&nbsp;Harsimranpreet Kaur ,&nbsp;Trinh Nhat Ho Tran ,&nbsp;Pattharaphon Chindasiriphan ,&nbsp;Pitcha Jongvivatsakul ,&nbsp;Weerachart Tangchirapat","doi":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the use of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) as an internal curing and crack-healing material in self-compacting concrete (SCC) made with high-volume ground bottom ash (GBA). With a total binder content of 600 kg/m³ and a water-to-binder (w/b) ratio of 0.27, ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was replaced with pozzolanic materials by up to 70 % by weight of the binder. The pozzolanic blend comprised high-volume GBA, original fly ash (FA), and nano-silica (NS) in three weight ratios: 70:0:0, 60:10:0, and 58:10:2 (GBA:FA:NS). Additionally, pre-absorption with SAP and a saturated calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) solution was employed, and the crack-healing ability of SCC with SAP was observed. The results demonstrated that SAP significantly controlled the slump flow and T₅₀ while reducing the required dosage of superplasticizer. However, an increase in SAP content led to a decrease in compressive strength. Reduced water flow rate through the cracked concrete was observed for the first two weeks in SCC mixes containing 0.6–1.8 % of SAP by weight of the binder, decreasing by over 90 % after curing for 28 days. In SCC mixes incorporating SAP saturated with Ca(OH)₂, a 98 % reduction in water flow rate was achieved, in addition to a slight increase in compressive strength, due to the additional formation of calcium-silicate-hydrate (CSH) gels and calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) precipitation. Furthermore, the inclusion of SAP or SAP saturated with Ca(OH)₂ significantly reduced chloride penetration in SCC. Microstructure analysis revealed the presence of crack-healing products including CSH gels and CaCO₃ precipitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9641,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article e04196"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of compressive strength and characteristics analysis of semi-flexible pavement desert sand grouting material based upon hybrid-BP neural network","authors":"Wenbang Zhu ,&nbsp;Yuhang Li ,&nbsp;Xiumei Zheng ,&nbsp;Enze Hao ,&nbsp;Dali Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cscm.2025.e04206","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscm.2025.e04206","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Evaluating the mechanical properties of desert sand grouting Material (DSGM) utilized in semi-flexible pavement within practical engineering applications is crucial for ensuring its safe utilization. To precisely obtain DSGM exhibiting exceptional mechanical properties, the Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN) model was optimized through the utilization of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA), and Genetic Algorithm (GA). Relationships between water-cement (w/c) ratio, desert sand (DS) content, fly ash (FA) content, bentonite (BT) content, and superplasticizer (SP) dosage were established in relation to compressive strength. Experimental flexural and compressive strengths served as evaluative indices for the mechanical properties of DSGM. Correlation matrix analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were conducted to ascertain the relationships between various raw materials and the mechanical properties of DSGM, while comparative analyses were also performed on these mechanical property evaluative indices.The results indicated a positive correlation between DS content and SP dosage with compressive strength, whereas a negative correlation was observed between w/c ratio, FA content, and BT content with compressive strength. DS effectively dispersed the DSGM cementitious material slurry, leading to a more uniform distribution of hydration products and a stronger bond in the transition zone of the aggregate interface. Consequently, the DSGM matrix structure became more dense, resulting in higher compressive strength. Through PCA, the importance of different variables and their overall scores were analyzed, revealing Group NO12 as the optimal mix ratio. The GA algorithm significantly enhanced the predictive accuracy of the BPNN model. The predictive performance evaluative indices for compressive strength using GA - BPNN were R² = 0.93, MAE = 2.39, MAPE = 0.06, and RMSE = 3.18. Therefore, GA - BPNN demonstrated the highest predictive accuracy for the compressive strength of DSGM, providing novel insights for the mix design of DSGM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9641,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article e04206"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy consumption and carbon emissions of mixing plant in asphalt pavement construction with a case study in China and reduction measures","authors":"Yixuan Liu ,&nbsp;Jun Yang ,&nbsp;Houzhi Wang ,&nbsp;Shinan Liu ,&nbsp;Yulou Fan ,&nbsp;Yixin Zhou ,&nbsp;Minghui Gong ,&nbsp;Wei Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The asphalt pavement construction consumes a lot of energy and produces greenhouse gas emissions. The production and transportation of asphalt mixture in the mixing plant is an important process. In this paper, the energy consumption and carbon emission model in the material production and transportation stage are established. A mixing plant in Southeast China is taken as a case to analyze the energy consumption and carbon emission. The influencing factors are analyzed from three aspects: external environmental conditions, energy structure and material type. Through aggregate water content test and water loss behavior test, the influences of environmental temperature and humidity, initial and heating temperature, aggregate lithology and particle size on aggregate water content and water loss law were analyzed. The energy consumption and carbon emission under different environmental conditions were calculated. When the mixing temperature was 160°C, the energy consumption generated by water accounted for 20.23 % of the total and the CO₂e percentage was 18.61 % as the aggregate water loss increased. At different initial and final temperatures, the percentage of energy consumption generated by water in the total energy consumption was in the order of basalt &gt; reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) material &gt; diabase &gt; limestone. From the perspective of using natural gas, solar energy and hydrogen energy, the feasibility of popularizing clean energy in production and transport is analyzed. The carbon emissions of ordinary asphalt mix (AC), stone mastic asphalt mixture (SMA) and hot-mixed epoxy asphalt concrete (EA) were analyzed. The CO₂e of each ton of mixture is 10.96 kg, 11.01 kg and 10.99 kg, respectively. Based on the axiomatic design theory, the emission reduction effects are analyzed from the three aspects of energy structure optimization, production technology improvement and production material selection. The promotion of solar energy in production and operation in the mixing plant, and the application of hydrogen energy in vehicles in reducing energy consumption are quantitatively analyzed. The emission reduction benefits of warm mix technology, material storage and transport technology, the selection of high-quality aggregates, and the application of RAP materials are calculated. It provides ideas for carbon reduction in asphalt pavement construction and low-carbon operation of mixing plant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9641,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article e04165"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A state-of-the-art review of research on the use of calcined bauxite aggregate in civil engineering","authors":"Yalin Liu ,&nbsp;Chengze Li ,&nbsp;Ya Wei ,&nbsp;Linbing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Calcined bauxite (CB) aggregate is characterized by high strength, hardness, and high abrasion resistance. It has promising application value in the field of civil engineering with special functional needs. This study describes in detail the macroscopic and microscopic properties of CB aggregates, analyzes and summarizes the current research status of CB aggregates in many aspects: 1) review the technique related to the manufacture of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) with CB aggregate, and systematically explain its mechanism in affecting the mechanical properties of UHPC; 2) clarify the potential and advantage of CB aggregates as internal curing agents, and elaborate the shrinkage reduction mechanism and the influence law when used in UHPC; 3) summarize the evaluation index system of CB aggregate in abrasion and skid resistance of pavement materials, as well as introduce related research and engineering applications of high friction surface treatment; 4) discuss the advantages of CB aggregate in preparation of high-impact resistant cementitious materials and its influence mechanism. Finally, this study analyzes the characteristics and problems of applications of CB aggregate in different civil engineering fields and puts forward suggestions related to the follow-up research, which can help to promote CB aggregate from material research to engineering application and provide new ideas for related materials and engineering design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9641,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article e04188"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chloride ion binding in cementitious materials: A review of influencing factors and control methods","authors":"Jinlong Lv ,&nbsp;Dongyi Li ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Yang ,&nbsp;Hongliu Rong ,&nbsp;Chuanqi Xian ,&nbsp;Zhenghao Zhang ,&nbsp;Wentao Huang ,&nbsp;Siwei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Free chloride ions significantly weaken the durability of cementitious materials, making the understanding of chloride ion binding mechanisms crucial for enhancing material performance. This paper systematically reviews the primary mechanisms of chloride ion binding (physical binding and chemical binding), influencing factors (different ions, pH, temperature, electric field and additive), and control methods (addition of mineral and nanomaterials). The findings suggest that further exploration of potential chloride ion binding mechanisms, development of advanced materials such as modified LDH and carbon dots, and the impact of multi-factor coupling on binding mechanisms are key directions for future research. This paper aims to deepen researchers' understanding of chloride ion binding behavior and provides practical references for improving the durability of cementitious materials in chloride environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9641,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article e04201"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the hydrothermal effect in ice materials under the polar glacier runway dynamic load","authors":"Zhiyuan Wang ,&nbsp;Shengrong Zhang ,&nbsp;Ze Zhang ,&nbsp;Chunlei Xie ,&nbsp;Kunchao Zhou ,&nbsp;Mingyang Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.cscm.2025.e04214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscm.2025.e04214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The problem of ice transportation during the polar scientific expedition is very important. In order to provide a research basis for the glacier runway in the polar region, this paper approximates the load generated by the aircraft running on the glacier runway as a dynamic load, and uses the ambient temperature and load frequency as test variables to study the variation of temperature and moisture in the ice under dynamic load. The results show that due to the influence of dynamic load, the ice test sample has the phenomenon of alternating competition between the temperature rise stage and the temperature drop stage, and there is a temperature difference at different depths of the test sample. In the two groups of B and C with slower load frequency, the amount of water migration mainly changes with the temperature change in the test sample. In the group A test with faster load frequency, it was found that the temperature fluctuation was small during the test, but the amount of water migration increased. Finally, the experimental results are discussed from the perspective of hydrogen bond compression relaxation of the basic unit (O:H-O) composed of ice and water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9641,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article e04214"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and evaluation of low-pH concrete plugs suitable for high-level radioactive waste repositories","authors":"Seokgu Gang ,&nbsp;Daewon Lee ,&nbsp;Jin-Seop Kim ,&nbsp;Youngjin Shin ,&nbsp;Jongwon Jung","doi":"10.1016/j.cscm.2025.e04211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscm.2025.e04211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, low-pH concrete mixtures suitable for use as plugs in high-level radioactive waste disposal sites were evaluated by designing thirteen mixtures with various ratios of binders, including silica fume, fly ash, and blast furnace slag, and fillers, such as limestone and quartz. Three mixture designs that satisfied both the compressive strength requirement (&gt;50 MPa) and leachate pH criterion (&lt;11) after 28 d of curing were selected for further investigation. Their compressive and split tensile strengths, chloride-ion diffusion coefficient, and leachate pH were experimentally evaluated. The use of fly ash and silica fume as binders resulted in higher early compressive strengths. No mixture design exhibited significant long-term strength degradation after curing at 40 °C. The split tensile strength values were lower than those reported in previous studies, which is attributed to the suboptimal pore size distribution of the fine aggregates used in this study. The use of both limestone and quartz (SiO₂) as fillers resulted in the lowest chloride-ion diffusion coefficient, with all mixture designs exhibiting excellent resistance to chloride-ion diffusion. The leachate pH remained &lt; 11 throughout 63 d of curing. Additionally, the compressive strength increased with an increasing leachate pH. The leachate pH was influenced by the surface area characteristics of silica fume, contrary to that previously reported. An increasing pH resulted in a higher silica content in the leachate solution, affecting the swelling characteristics of the bentonite used as backfill.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9641,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article e04211"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}