Case Studies in Construction Materials最新文献

{"title":"Sustainable Asphalt Mixtures Reinforced with Basic Oxygen Furnace Steel Slag: Multi-Scale Analysis of Enhanced Interfacial Bonding","authors":"Bin Lei ,&nbsp;Linjie Yu ,&nbsp;Jiawu Chen ,&nbsp;Yuan Meng ,&nbsp;Dong Lu ,&nbsp;Ning Li ,&nbsp;Fulin Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Utilizing Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag (BOFS) to enhance the pavement performance of the asphalt mixtures is a promising strengthening strategy. However, the academic literature still needs to explore the interfacial dynamics and underlying mechanisms. This study introduces fractal dimension analysis to quantify the Interfacial Transition Zone (ITZ) characteristics in asphalt mixtures incorporating BOFS. A multi-scale analysis of the ITZ performance was conducted on three types of asphalt mixtures: Full Proportion Steel Slag Asphalt Mixture (100SSA-AM), Full Proportion Basalt Asphalt Mixture (100NCA-AM), and Asphalt Mixture of Coarse Aggregate Steel Slag and Fine Aggregate Basalt (Hybrid-AM). The results indicate that compared to the conventional 100NCA-AM, the splitting tensile strength and cracking index of 100SSA-AM and Hybrid-AM increased by 22.2 %, 28.1 %, and 13.5 %, 7.1 %, respectively. The total porosity of 100SSA-AM and Hybrid-AM increased by 58.4 % and 47.2 %, respectively, while the fractal dimension of the pores slightly decreased. In addition, compared to 100NCA-AM and 100SSA-AM, the ITZ fractal dimension of Hybrid-AM increased by 7.03 % and 3.79 %, respectively. In terms of interfacial nanomechanics, the ITZ indentation modulus of 100SSA-AM increased by 14.6 %, and the ITZ width increased by 43.5 % compared to 100NCA-AM, whereas for Hybrid-AM, the ITZ indentation modulus increased by 43.5 % and the ITZ width decreased by 26.1 %. Moreover, the study further revealed that the width and nanomechanical properties of the ITZ are closely associated with the surface roughness and chemical affinity of the aggregates, which holds significant implications for the design and application of sustainable pavement materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9641,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article e04198"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence law and determination method of jack lifting load on existing station settlement","authors":"Shengzhi Wu ,&nbsp;Xueyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Zichen Lin ,&nbsp;Jun Wang ,&nbsp;Fengchun Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongji Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The proximity of a tunnel to an existing station renders it susceptible to settlement. Jack lifting is a common method for mitigating the settlement at such stations during tunnel construction. This study investigates the mechanical responses of structures subjected to jack lifting based on case studies, numerical simulations, and theoretical analyses. These findings indicate that jack lifting significantly elevates the station structure. However, upon removing the lifting load, the station experienced resettlement. A lower initial support stiffness was correlated with increased settlement. Settlement control was achieved using a combination of active jacking and passive support. Effective jack lifting relies on addressing both advanced. A large jack load reduces the settlement of an existing structure; however, excessive loading can cause structural uplift. Therefore, the relationship between lifting load and displacement must be considered during jack lifting. Utilizing the elastic foundation beam theory, a correlation between the settlement of the existing structure and the jack-lifting load was derived, thus facilitating bidirectional control of force and displacement during the jacking process. The results offer valuable insights into the control of jack lifting in existing structures beneath tunnels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9641,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article e04180"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive investigation of the mechanical performance and evaluate the environmental impact of epoxy and polyester polymer concrete","authors":"Ahmed D. Almutairi ,&nbsp;Abdulrahman I. Alateyah ,&nbsp;Muneer K. Saeed ,&nbsp;Hany A. Dahish ,&nbsp;Waleed H. El-Garaihy ,&nbsp;Majed O. Alawad ,&nbsp;Amal BaQais","doi":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research aims to investigate and compare the mechanical properties of polymer concrete (PC) with ordinary concrete (OC). The study specifically focuses on PC made with epoxy and polyester resins, aiming to understand how these materials perform in terms of their mechanical strength and behaviour. The optimal ratio of matrix to aggregate was determined by considering the even distribution of aggregate particles within the polymer matrix throughout the specimens which was (300 g Resin: 500 g Filler: 500 g Aggregate). The mechanical properties of both polymer concrete (PC) and ordinary concrete (OC) were thoroughly examined through a series of tests. These tests specifically focused on evaluating the compressive, tensile, and flexural strength of each material. Additionally, the impact of the post-curing process on the mechanical performance of polymer concrete specimens was assessed and reported. The study also analyzed the bond strength between polymer concrete and regular concrete. It further explored the environmental impact of polymer concrete. Epoxy polymer concrete significantly surpasses ordinary concrete, with flexural strength increasing by 357.14 %, tensile strength by 272.77 %, and compressive strength by 111.2 %. Similarly, polyester polymer concrete shows even greater enhancements, with increases of 367.66 % in flexural strength, 300.49 % in tensile strength, and 234.08 % in compressive strength. The results provide insights into the potential advantages of polymer concrete, particularly in terms of strength and environmental resilience compared to conventional concrete.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9641,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article e04195"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of temperature and humidity environment on the microstructure and physicochemical properties of SBS modified asphalt","authors":"Xiang Ma ,&nbsp;Chaolin Zhang ,&nbsp;Rui Li ,&nbsp;Lisha Zheng ,&nbsp;Jiachen Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Asphalt pavements undergo aging process when exposed to various environmental factors, which affects their service life. Numerous engineering cases have demonstrated that water vapor is a significant cause of aging damage in asphalt pavement during its service period. This study aimed to assess the impact of temperature and humidity on the physicochemical characteristics of asphalt binders. First, asphalt samples were subjected to damp-heat aging conditions using a custom-made environment chamber. The specimens were then investigated through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy (NMR). The results suggest that rising temperature accelerates the movement of particles in the system, leading to the generation of more carbonyl and sulfoxide functional groups. Furthermore, higher humidity encourages the formation of hydrogen bonds between the polar groups in asphalt and water molecules, resulting in the generation of more oxygen-containing functional groups. In comparison to variations in humidity, the aging of SBS modified asphalt binder exhibits a higher sensitivity to temperature. Under identical aging conditions, the rise in both carbonyl index and sulfoxide indices is more pronounced in base asphalt binder compared to SBS modified asphalt binder. With the increase in aging duration, temperature, and humidity, the macromolecular content increases, while the content of small and medium-sized molecules decreases. Additionally, the weight-average molecular weight of asphalt shows greater sensitivity to these changes compared to the number-average molecular weight. Following damp-heat aging, asphalt undergoes hydrogen substitution on the aromatic rings, which increases hydrogen content on aliphatic side chains and enhances intermolecular forces. As humidity increases, the large molecular proportion (LMS%) changes in SBS modified asphalt binder are more pronounced than in base asphalt binder. Additionally, the changes in the sulfoxide index are greater in SBS modified asphalt binder than in base asphalt binder. This may suggest that SBS polymers degrade more quickly due to humidity than base asphalt.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9641,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article e04192"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on the mechanical properties of interlayer interlocking 3D printed concrete based on a novel nozzle","authors":"Youbao Jiang ,&nbsp;Pengxiang Gao ,&nbsp;Sondipon Adhikari ,&nbsp;Xiaofei Yao ,&nbsp;Hao Zhou ,&nbsp;Yan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interlocking can effectively improve the mechanical properties of concrete. However, the strength of 3D printed concrete with interlocking interfaces, fabricated using non-automated methods, is reduced due to the time-consuming interface processing. Additionally, studies on the effects of interlocking on the mechanical properties, failure modes, and anisotropic behavior of 3D printed concrete are not yet systematic. In order to address these issues, a printing forming scheme and nozzles were designed for interlayer interlocking 3D printing, and the mechanical properties of interlayer interlocking 3D printed concrete were tested. Firstly, the forming scheme and nozzles are specifically designed for the preparation of 3D printed concrete with interlocking interfaces between the layers. Furthermore, extrudability tests are carried out to determine the appropriate printing parameters for interlayer interlocking 3D printed concrete. Finally, specimens were printed, and interfacial splitting tests, interlayer interfacial shear tests, and compression tests were conducted. The results reveal that: (1) by utilizing the appropriate extrusion rate of the rotating shaft and nozzle travel speed, better-formed interlayer interlocking concrete filaments can be obtained. (2) the interlayer interlocking 3D printed specimens exhibit higher strength. The interfacial splitting tensile strength is increased by about 14.5–30.7 %, and the interlayer interfacial shear strength is increased by about 7.8–18.0 % compared to those with smooth interlayer interfaces. (3) the interlayer interlocking 3D printed concrete exhibits a reduction in the anisotropic coefficient of about 13.7–25.5 %, and the anisotropy is significantly weakened.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9641,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article e04193"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonhomogeneous Markov chains for degeneration behaviour of RC members’ durability and its Bayesian updating","authors":"Ruiqi Guo ,&nbsp;Dengguo Li ,&nbsp;Guoxin Chen ,&nbsp;Yu Jin ,&nbsp;Hui Li ,&nbsp;Yuanpeng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the context of reinforced concrete components in chloride-rich environments, establishing a priori models describing the degradation process of component durability by integrating existing research findings, and updating these prior models based on field inspection data has emerged as a hotspot in predicting the service life of reinforced concrete components. At present, such methods can only update some parameters in the prior models based on the introduction of field inspection results. They cannot achieve the information update of the function expression of the prior models by fusing the comprehensive durability evaluation results of the components. Given this, a non-homogeneous Markov chain model has constructed to replace the multivariate display functions nested recursion in describing the long-term performance degradation process of RC members. By utilizing the time series and state-space discretization properties of the Markov model, the multiple time-varying patterns coupled with numerous control parameters in the recursive formulation are transformed into time-dependent equations for the elements of the Markov model's state transition matrix. At the same time, a Bayesian updating method for the time-dependent equations of the non-homogeneous Markov chain state transition matrix elements is proposed, enabling the dynamic updating of the non-homogeneous Markov model using the overall current state assessment of the RC component, rather than relying on the detection results of a single indicator. From the perspective of simplifying the mathematical model, the paper addresses the issue of information updating in the degradation process. It provides a new technical approach for dynamically updating the long-term performance degradation time series model of components using state evaluation results. Manuscript uses a simulated case study and a real case study to illustrate the application process of the proposed method and to examine the predictive performance of the model. The results indicate that the updated model predictions envelop both the predictions from the prior model and the actual state assessment results, effectively integrating common understanding with individualized information.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9641,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article e04189"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of long-term and short-term loading on the flexural behavior of RC beams strengthened with the NSM method","authors":"Sima Rostami Aghouy,&nbsp;Javad Sabzi,&nbsp;M. Reza Esfahani","doi":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of long-term and short-term loading on the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened using the near surface mounted (NSM) method. In this method, two types of matrices—epoxy resin and repair mortar—are used to bond glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) reinforcing bars to the concrete beams. Nine RC beams, each measuring 150 mm in width, 200 mm in height, and 2000 mm in length, were constructed and strengthened using the NSM method. The results indicate that, under long-term loading, mid-span displacement in beams strengthened with GFRP bars and repair mortar is higher than in those strengthened with GFRP bars and epoxy resin. Additionally, short-term loading results show that beams with low and high steel content exhibit lower load-carrying capacity and mid-span displacement when strengthened with GFRP bars and repair mortar compared to those strengthened with GFRP bars and epoxy resin. Furthermore, beams strengthened with GFRP bars and epoxy resin, initially subjected to long-term sustained service loading and then exposed to short-term loading, show that long-term loading does not significantly affect the ultimate load-carrying capacity of beams with low steel content. However, it reduces the load-carrying capacity by 6 % and 13 % in beams with medium and high steel content, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9641,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article e04191"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into hydraulic conductivity, mechanical properties, and microstructure of fly ash-modified clay anti-seepage layer to red mud leachate","authors":"Yibo Zhang,&nbsp;Yujie Ding,&nbsp;Yulong Wang,&nbsp;Yue Yu,&nbsp;Qian Chen,&nbsp;Zheng Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The environmental impact of red mud leachate, particularly from tailings ponds, has become a significant concern due to its highly alkaline nature and potential to cause widespread soil and water contamination. Addressing this issue requires effective strategies for mitigating the leakage of contaminants, such as heavy metals and hazardous alkalis, into surrounding ecosystems. This study explores the use of fly ash-modified clay liners as a solution to contain and treat red mud leachate pollutants, including heavy metals and alkalis. Macro-scale tests, such as permeation and unconfined compression tests, combined with micro-scale analyses (XRD, SEM, BET), investigate the influence of varying fly ash content on the hydraulic conductivity, mechanical properties, and microstructure of the clay liners. The findings show that fly ash significantly reduces the hydraulic conductivity of the liners, improving their effectiveness in preventing seepage. It also enhances the liners' ability to adsorb heavy metal ions and increases their mechanical strength, especially cohesion, with optimal performance at a 9 % fly ash content. The study further reveals that pozzolanic reactions in the alkaline environment of red mud lead to the formation of cementitious gel binders (C-S-H, C-A-H), which reduce pore sizes and create a denser, more impermeable structure. These improvements in both physical and chemical stability demonstrate the potential of fly ash-modified clay liners as an effective, sustainable solution for managing red mud tailings ponds. This study provides valuable support for environmental management of red mud tailings ponds and the sequestration of red mud leachate waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9641,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article e04190"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bearing capacity enhancement of footings using confining inclined micropiles: Experimental and analytical investigation","authors":"Husain Abbas ,&nbsp;Abdullah Almajed ,&nbsp;Esmatullah Kotwal ,&nbsp;Yousef Al-Salloum","doi":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving the bearing capacity (BC) of existing footings is usually a challenging task. Most of the methods employed are either cumbersome or are not efficient and effective. In the present study, the confinement provided by equally spaced inclined micropiles around a square footing is used to improve the BC of footing. Three angles of inclination with horizontal, viz. 90°, 105°, and 120° of micropiles provided at spacings of 0.33 <em>B</em> and 0.23 <em>B</em> (<em>B</em> is the size of square footing) were investigated. Including the control footing with no micropiles, seven footings were tested under uniformly incrementing quasi-static load. The test results reveal significant enhancement in BC of footing confined by micropiles, which increases with the increase in the inclination of micropiles and with the reduction in the spacing of micropiles. For the micropile spacing of 0.33 <em>B</em>, the enhancement in the BC of footing varied from 14.7 % to 44.2 %, which was enhanced to 26.3–56.5 % for the micropile spacing of 0.23 <em>B</em>. Based on the validation with the test results, an analytical procedure is developed for the design of confinement scheme using inclined micropiles to enhance the BC of shallow isolated footings. An example is also provided for assessing the BC enhancement and footing settlement due to the confining micropiles provided around a shallow rectangular footing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9641,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article e04184"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonic strength evaluation of underwater heterogeneous concrete using random forest model constrained by physical laws","authors":"Yunfei Zou,&nbsp;Zijian Wang,&nbsp;Zhishen Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compressive strength evaluation of concrete is crucial for the safety of underwater structures. However, the concrete heterogeneity impedes accurate evaluation based on empirical formulas (EF) derived from linear regression. This study proposes a four-phase model to formulate physical laws (PL). The concrete heterogeneity including sand-aggregate ratio (S/A), water-cement ratio (W/C), and diameter of average aggregate (Da), is considered along with the Rayleigh (R) and pressure (P) wave velocities. The proposed PLs are used to constrain the fitness functions of Particle Swarm (PS) optimization and Genetic Algorithms (GA), and the Random Forest (RF) model is enhanced to PL-PS-RF and PL-GA-RF models. Ultrasonic and compressive tests are performed on 96 specimens with 32 different mix parameters to train the models. The maximum error significantly decreases from 20 MPa to 5 MPa with the PL-PS-RF model. Parameter analysis reveals the mechanisms behind the improvements. The proposed methodology improves the evaluation accuracy and the testing is extended from an aerial to an underwater environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9641,"journal":{"name":"Case Studies in Construction Materials","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article e04151"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143146180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}