Cardiovascular Ultrasound最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and prognostic implications of different aetiologies of low flow aortic stenosis.","authors":"Giorgio Fiore, Federico Biondi, Margherita Fabris, Paola Cunsolo, Michele Morosato, Marco Gamardella, Giacomo Ingallina, Stefano Stella, Francesco Ancona, Annamaria Tavernese, Davide Margonato, Martina Belli, Alessandro Castiglioni, Matteo Montorfano, Francesco Maisano, Eustachio Agricola","doi":"10.1186/s12947-025-00363-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12947-025-00363-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prevalence and prognostic implications of low-flow (LF) aetiologies in aortic stenosis (AS) are unknown. This study aimed to characterize the specific causes of LF, their prevalence, and prognostic significance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In 408 patients with severe LFAS included, the aetiology of LF was identified. The primary endpoint was the composite of all-cause death and hospitalizations for heart failure (HF) up to 36 months. Secondary endpoints included individual components of the primary endpoint and cardiovascular mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most common LF cause was reduced LVEF (n = 228, 55.9%), while preserved LVEF included five aetiologies: (1)mixed aetiologies (n = 65, 36.1%), (2)small LV cavity (n = 58, 32.2%), (3)significant isolated mitral regurgitation (n = 39, 21.7%), (4)significant isolated tricuspid regurgitation (n = 13, 7.2%), (5)significant isolated mitral stenosis (n = 5, 2.8%). Over a median follow-up of 15 (IQR 6 - 36) months obtained in 302 patients, 159 (52.6%) reached the primary composite endpoint, 108 (35.8%) died and 91 (30.8%) were hospitalized due to HF. LF aetiology was not associated with outcomes. Independent predictors of the primary endpoint were severe MR (adj.HR 1.71, p = 0.04) and TR (adj.HR 1.47, p = 0.04). Aortic valve replacement (adj.HR 0.76, p < 0.001) and mean transvalvular gradient ≥ 40 mmHg (adj.HR 0.39, p < 0.001) were protective.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The main cause of LFAS is reduced LVEF, while in preserved LVEF mixed causes and small LV volume prevailed, without association with the outcome. Severe mitral and tricuspid regurgitation were strongly associated with worse outcomes, while valve replacement and mean transvalvular gradient ≥ 40 mmHg emerged as protective factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":9613,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Ultrasound","volume":" ","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12821262/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145751519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the left ventricle: modern echocardiographic assessment of right ventricular function in tricuspid regurgitation.","authors":"Martijn G H Vrijkorte, Nina C Wunderlich, Alison Duncan, Bushra S Rana, Leo Timmers, Robert van der Pol, Martin J Swaans","doi":"10.1186/s12947-025-00360-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12947-025-00360-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9613,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Ultrasound","volume":"23 1","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12683796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145699694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The velocity ratio as a predictor of valve calcium degeneration in aortic stenosis with low flow status.","authors":"Hiroki Okamoto, Atsushi Hayashi, Jun Matsubayashi, Daiki Yoshida, Misato Kodama, Yosuke Higo, Kohei Asada, Yoshihisa Nakagawa","doi":"10.1186/s12947-025-00361-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12947-025-00361-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Determining the severity of aortic stenosis (AS) with low-flow (LF) status remains challenging because conventional echocardiographic indicators often yield discordant results. The velocity ratio (VR), in addition to the aortic valve calcium (AVC) score, has been proposed as a supplemental parameter that is less influenced by flow status. This study evaluates the relationship between the VR and the AVC burden, and determines whether the VR serves as a better predictor of the AVC burden than conventional echocardiographic parameters, particularly in patients with LF.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed the data of 405 patients with at least mild AS who underwent multidetector computed tomography and Doppler echocardiography. Patients were categorized into four groups: LF, normal flow (NF)-low, NF-high and high flow (HF) status. We investigated the relationship between AVC and three echocardiographic indicators (VR, transvalvular mean pressure gradient [MPG], and aortic valve area indexed to body surface area [AVAi]) within each group. Multiple regression models were constructed to predict AVC, incorporating all possible combinations of echocardiographic indicators and relevant covariates. Model performance was assessed by comparing the ranking of the models that included a given echocardiographic indicator with those that excluded it.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 59 patients with LF, 161 with NF-low, 136 with NF-high, and 49 with HF. In all groups, VR, MPG, and AVAi were significantly associated with AVC in the simple linear regression analysis. Notably, in the LF group, the VR was included in all three of the top-ranking multiple regression models for AVC, and models containing the VR ranked significantly higher than those without it. By contrast, the inclusion of the MPG or AVAi did not significantly affect the model ranking in the LF group. No significant differences in model ranking were noted with versus without the VR in the HF group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In patients with LF AS, the VR was a reliable marker for assessing the AVC burden, underscoring its value for clinical decision making in severe AS. Its superior predictive performance compared to conventional echocardiographic parameters highlights its potential to refine diagnostic accuracy in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":9613,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Ultrasound","volume":"23 1","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12581554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145430439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subclinical myocardial dysfunction detected by speckletracking in asymptomatic individuals with exerciseinduced premature ventricular complexes.","authors":"Muhammet Geneş, Uygar Çağdaş Yüksel","doi":"10.1186/s12947-025-00353-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12947-025-00353-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Exercise-induced premature ventricular complexes (EI-PVCs) are key indicators of subclinical cardiac dysfunction and elevated cardiovascular risk. However, their clinical significance and prognostic value remain unclear, particularly in asymptomatic individuals without structural heart disease. This study uses advanced echocardiographic techniques to investigate the relationship between EI-PVCs and subclinical myocardial dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An observational case-control study was conducted with 141 participants (82 controls and 59 cases). Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) was utilized to assess myocardial function, including global longitudinal strain (GLS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants with exerciseinduced PVCs exhibited significantly greater left ventricular mass index (80.1 ± 15.7 vs. 74.3 ± 12.7 g/m²; p = 0.035), markedly reduced global longitudinal strain (-19.6 ± 2.0% vs. - 22.2 ± 1.4%; p < 0.001), and elevated myocardial performance index (0.42 ± 0.07 vs. 0.38 ± 0.06; p = 0.002) compared to controls, despite similar conventional systolic parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights EI-PVCs as early markers of subclinical myocardial dysfunction, warranting detailed echocardiographic evaluation in affected individuals. The findings. underscore the need for further research into the burden, morphology, and patterns of EI-PVCs to refine cardiovascular risk stratification and management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9613,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Ultrasound","volume":"23 1","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12548187/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145353937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic value of adenosine stress echocardiography in chronic coronary syndromes with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction.","authors":"Li Zhao, Peng-Li Xu, Qing-Yi Luo, Xuan Su, Shu-Han Ye, Zi-Long Yang, Xiao-Lei Song, Qing-Hui Wang, Yun-Chuan Ding","doi":"10.1186/s12947-025-00359-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12947-025-00359-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prognostic value of functional echocardiographic parameters for risk stratification in chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to integrate resting and stress echocardiographic parameters to identify sensitive non-invasive predictors of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 754 CCS patients with a resting left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 50% undergoing adenosine stress echocardiography were prospectively enrolled. Parameters including myocardial perfusion, coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR), and myocardial work were assessed. Resting and stress values were compared within groups, while dynamic changes were analyzed between CFVR-normal and impaired subgroups. Cox regression was used to identify independent predictors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence of MACEs was significantly higher in patients with impaired CFVR compared to those with normal CFVR (71.4% vs. 6.2%, P < 0.0001). After stress, the impaired CFVR group exhibited myocardial perfusion defects, mechanical dyssynchrony, and reduced myocardial work efficiency, in contrast to the normal CFVR group. Patients with impaired CFVR combined with regional wall motion and perfusion abnormalities had the worst prognosis. Multivariate Cox model integrating CFVR and stress-derived dynamic parameters demonstrated superior predictive performance for MACEs, significantly exceeding that of the stress-substitution and base models (C-index: 0.867 vs. 0.841 vs. 0.709).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In CCS patients with preserved LVEF, reduced CFVR indicates early myocardial dysfunction and predicts the worst prognosis when combined with wall motion and perfusion abnormalities. An integrated functional model combining CFVR and dynamic stress parameters enhances risk stratification for MACEs and supports individualized therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9613,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Ultrasound","volume":"23 1","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12498467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145231657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gerbode defect resulting from ineffective treatment of infective endocarditis: a case report.","authors":"Kassandra S Carter, Philip Reed, James Gentry","doi":"10.1186/s12947-025-00358-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12947-025-00358-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infective endocarditis is a common medical complication in patients with intravenous drug use (IVDU). staphylococcal infection is the predominant pathogen in left-sided endocarditis. Cardiac abscesses are more common in prosthetic valves. Should they rupture, they often create fistulous tracts in addition to prosthetic valve dehiscence, conduction abnormalities, and acute coronary syndrome.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 51-year-old man with history of IV drug use, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) endocarditis, and bovine aortic valve replacement was treated for MSSA bacteremia and was discharged on dalbavancin. The transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) was negative for abscess or vegetation. Three days later, he presented with fever, worsening mental status, and neurologic deficits with infarcts in the brain, lungs, spleen on imaging. TEE was negative for vegetation or abscess. After transfer to a quaternary care center four days later, TEE showed a large aortic root abscess that eroded the membranous ventricular septum resulting in a Gerbode defect. Then, he sustained a non-shockable rhythm cardiac arrest. The patient was transferred to the cardiac ICU where emergent TEE showed complete dehiscence of the septum and a loosely attached prosthetic aortic valve. After a second cardiac arrest and resuscitative efforts, the patient expired.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights that inadequately treated infective endocarditis can rapidly progress and cause serious complications. If patients with prosthetic valves develop bacteremia and have negative TEEs, retrospectively-gated CTs should be obtained to evaluate for perivalvular extensions. Currently, there have been no published studies demonstrating patients with infective endocarditis who were treated with Dalbavancin that progressed to fistulous tracts. Further research is required to investigate the effectiveness of long-acting lipoglycopeptides, such as Dalbavancin, in treating infective endocarditis. This case demonstrates a rare, but a serious medical emergency that can arise in patients with prosthetic heart valves and positive blood cultures when not detected early and treated promptly.</p>","PeriodicalId":9613,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Ultrasound","volume":"23 1","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12455766/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current status and advances in ultrasound evaluation of neovascularization within carotid artery plaques: a systematic review.","authors":"Yang Yang, Fangqin Liu, Jiaojun Yan, Yunhao Luo, Qiuyun Huang, Lang Qiao","doi":"10.1186/s12947-025-00356-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12947-025-00356-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vulnerable plaques are significant risk factors for acute ischemic events, and intraplaque neovascularization (IPN) is an important indicator for evaluating plaque vulnerability. This review summarizes the importance of IPN in the assessment of carotid plaque vulnerability, the current status of ultrasound examination of IPN, and the technical advancements in ultrasound imaging of IPN, These techniques include: Superb micro-vascular imaging; Contrast-enhanced ultrasound; Plane wave ultra-sensitive blood flow imaging; Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction; Ultrasound Super-Resolution Imaging. Aiming to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events.</p>","PeriodicalId":9613,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Ultrasound","volume":"23 1","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12400744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144944157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal imaging in young male with bicuspid aortic valve, right-sided aorto-atrial fistula and single coronary artery.","authors":"Marco Fabio Costantino, Gianpaolo D'Addeo, Stefano Mancino, Luisiana Stolfi, Teresa Mannarino","doi":"10.1186/s12947-025-00357-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12947-025-00357-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 35-year-old male, without significant cardiovascular history, presented with recurrent palpitations. Initial echocardiographic evaluation demonstrated eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy, mild systolic dysfunction, suspicion of a ventricular septal defect, bicuspid aortic valve, and right ventricular dilation. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed an aneurysmal dilation of the right coronary sinus with an aorto-atrial/ventricular fistula, further confirmed by contrast-enhanced computed tomography angiography. Coronary angiography identified a single anomalous coronary artery with left dominance and absence of the right coronary artery. Surgical repair successfully closed the fistula, with mild post-operative aortic regurgitation. Follow-up at one year indicated normalization of cardiac dimensions and function, with stable moderate aortic valve regurgitation. Genetic sequencing found no identifiable mutations. Regular monitoring was recommended due to the potential risk of complications related to the bicuspid aortic valve and coronary anomaly.</p>","PeriodicalId":9613,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Ultrasound","volume":"23 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12382088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144944159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mini 3D transesophageal probe: technical advances and clinical applications.","authors":"Monica Barki, Rebecca T Hahn","doi":"10.1186/s12947-025-00354-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12947-025-00354-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the growing complexity of structural heart disease procedures, the need for advanced intraprocedural imaging has become increasingly critical. Transesophageal echocardiography remains the gold standard for procedural guidance but is associated with risks such as upper gastrointestinal tract injury and the need for general anesthesia for patient comfort and safety. Miniaturized three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (miniTEE) probes offer a promising solution by providing high-resolution imaging which could be performed under conscious sedation. Studies evaluating the miniTEE probe for safety, image quality, and ability to guide specific structural and non-structural heart disease procedures will be reviewed. The limitations and future developments will be discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9613,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Ultrasound","volume":"23 1","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12320352/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144774687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Left atrium phasic function decreases in adult patients with repaired tetralogy of fallot: a case-control study.","authors":"Keiya Sato, Ken Takahashi, Yusuke Akatsuka, Hiroyuki Sato, Hirohisa Kago, Azusa Akiya, Satoshi Akimoto, Mayumi Ifuku, Yu Hosono, Sachie Shigemitsu, Kotoko Matsui, Keisuke Nakanishi, Shiori Kawasaki, Toshiaki Shimizu","doi":"10.1186/s12947-025-00355-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12947-025-00355-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although the left atrium (LA) plays a key role in diastolic function, LA dysfunction in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) remains unclear. Recently, LA strains assessed using a speckle tracking system have been used as novel sensitive indicators of LA function. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate LA function and investigate changes with age in patients with rTOF using speckle-tracking echocardiography.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed three age-based subgroups of patients with rTOF (T1, T2, T3) and their corresponding healthy control groups (C1, C2, C3) to assess phasic left atrial function: T1 and C1 (3-9 years [children]), T2 and C2 (10-19 years [adolescents and young adults]), and T3 and C3 (20-44 years [adults]). LA strain was assessed by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography and defined according to its three distinct phases, with the LA serving as a reservoir during systole, a conduit during early diastole, and a booster pump at the end of diastole. Furthermore, we examined the correlations between LA strains and left ventricular longitudinal strain (LVLS) as well as conventional echocardiographic parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LA reservoir and pump strains were lower in the T3 group than in the C3 group (35.5 (30.1/41.3) vs. 42.9 (41.1/48.1), P = 0.010; 8.3 (7.4/10.6) vs. 11.4 (10.7/13.5), P = 0.025, respectively). In the T1 and T2 groups, no significant differences in LA strains were reported. LA functions based on LA volume did not show any difference between rTOF and controls among all age groups. All LA strains only moderately or weakly correlated with LVLS and mitral E/A, but not with left ventricular (LV) lateral e' nor E/e'. Reservoir strain-LVLS (ρ = 0.476, P < 0.001), conduit strain-LVLS (r = 0.382, P < 0.001), pump strain-LVLS (ρ = 0.337, P < 0.001), reservoir strain-E/A (ρ = 0.200, P = 0.026), conduit strain-E/A (ρ = 0.282, P = 0.002), and pump strain-E/A (ρ = -0.209, P = 0.02).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LA phasic function decreases in adult patients with rTOF. LA reservoir and pump strains may serve as sensitive indicators of diastolic dysfunction in these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9613,"journal":{"name":"Cardiovascular Ultrasound","volume":"23 1","pages":"16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12291484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144706429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}