{"title":"Reversible Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus Induced by Lithium: A Case Report.","authors":"Sevil Uygun İlikhan, Gülin Dilken, Gökhan Hazıroğlu, Sinem Ülke, Selma Karaahmetoğlu","doi":"10.1155/crin/9998067","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crin/9998067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lithium is an effective mood stabilizer but may cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) by impairing the renal collecting duct response to arginine vasopressin (AVP). We report a 52-year-old woman on long-term lithium therapy who presented with diarrhea, fatigue, polyuria, and confusion. Initial evaluation showed hypernatremia (serum sodium 156-159 mmol/L), low urine osmolality (101 mOsm/kg) despite serum osmolality of 286 mOsm/kg, daily urine output of 6.5-7.5 L, and a lithium level of 1.65 mmol/L. Renal function was preserved. Intravenous 5% dextrose was administered for free-water replacement. Bicarbonate and potassium supplementation were initiated based on blood gas and biochemical findings consistent with metabolic acidosis (pH: 7.33 and serum bicarbonate: 22.1 mmol/L) and hypokalemia, requiring potassium supplementation. Lithium was discontinued, and a thiazide-containing regimen was initiated. Without desmopressin, serum sodium normalized to 140 mmol/L within 72 h, urine output decreased to approximately 2 L/day, and mental status fully recovered. This case demonstrates that timely recognition and management of lithium-induced NDI may allow recovery of urinary concentrating ability.</p>","PeriodicalId":9604,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Nephrology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9998067"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13051894/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147632169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adalimumab for AA Amyloidosis Secondary to Severe Hidradenitis Suppurativa.","authors":"Ghalia Khellaf, Souad Chelghoum, Houria Sahel, Rym Hadj Sahraoui, Nacima Djennane, Ali Benziane","doi":"10.1155/crin/5476216","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crin/5476216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) (Verneuil's disease) is a chronic inflammatory cutaneous disorder with systemic inflammatory potential. A rare and severe sequela of this sustained inflammation is reactive (AA) amyloidosis, typically presenting with nephrotic-range proteinuria and progressive renal failure. Here, we report a 50-year-old male with severe (Hurley Stage III) HS who developed nephrotic syndrome secondary to biopsy-proven renal AA amyloidosis. Initiation of the TNF-α inhibitor adalimumab induced a dramatic concurrent improvement in both cutaneous and renal disease activities. Proteinuria declined from a baseline of 9/24 to 2 g/24 h at 4 months and subsequently to 0.9 g/24 h at 10 months, signifying a near-complete nephrotic remission.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This case underscores the dual therapeutic mechanism of TNF-α blockade in this context: reducing systemic inflammation and preventing amyloid deposition, with improvement in renal prognosis. There is literature corroborating the usefulness of TNF-α inhibitors in early-stage AA amyloidosis. The application of adalimumab early in severe forms of HS may avert AA amyloidosis-related renal involvement or renal function decline. We suggest implementing systematic screening for significant proteinuria in patients with advanced HS (Hurley II/III) to facilitate timely diagnosis and therapeutic intervention to preserve renal function.</p>","PeriodicalId":9604,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Nephrology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5476216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13344157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148410605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intersecting Autoimmunities: ANCA and Anti-GBM Overlap in a Patient With Sjögren's Disease.","authors":"Mayra Estacio, Joaquín Rodelo-Ceballos, Ligia Calderon, Alejandra Taborda-Murillo","doi":"10.1155/crin/2593770","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crin/2593770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The coexistence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) and antiglomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) antibodies defines a rare but clinically significant autoimmune overlap syndrome. This dual positivity can result in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, often with poor kidney outcomes. Diagnosis is particularly challenging in patients with underlying systemic autoimmune diseases, such as Sjögren's disease, where overlapping immunopathogenic mechanisms may obscure the clinical picture. Prompt recognition and individualized treatment are critical for optimal management.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We describe a 62-year-old woman with a history of primary Sjögren's disease who presented with acute kidney injury and urinary abnormalities. Serologic tests revealed high titers of myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA and anti-GBM antibodies, as well as ANA and anti-Ro/La positivity. Kidney biopsy demonstrated crescentic glomerulonephritis with linear IgG deposition and significant chronic changes. Immunosuppressive therapy with high-dose corticosteroids was initiated; however, due to advanced fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis, further immunosuppression was not pursued. The patient required dialysis but remained clinically stable during follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of dual ANCA and anti-GBM antibody positivity in the context of systemic autoimmunity. In patients with autoimmune disorders such as Sjögren's disease, a high index of suspicion is essential to detect this rare overlap, which often presents with severe kidney impairment. Although kidney prognosis is frequently poor, early identification and appropriate intervention are vital for improving clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9604,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Nephrology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"2593770"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12949067/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147324648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mehmet Zafer Aydın, Mehmet Kamil Teber, Zülfiye Kuzu, Mustafa Gök
{"title":"Early-Onset Thiazide-Induced Hyponatremia Leading to Seizure in a Middle-Aged Woman Using Aldactazide.","authors":"Mehmet Zafer Aydın, Mehmet Kamil Teber, Zülfiye Kuzu, Mustafa Gök","doi":"10.1155/crin/9991770","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crin/9991770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Thiazide-induced hyponatremia (TIH) is a well-recognized adverse effect of thiazide diuretics, typically occurring in elderly individuals. Severe acute hyponatremia presenting with seizures in middle-aged adults is uncommon. Combination therapy with spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide (Aldactazide) may increase susceptibility to rapid electrolyte shifts. We report a case of early-onset, symptomatic hyponatremia leading to generalized seizure shortly after initiation of Aldactazide.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 52-year-old woman with hypertension presented after experiencing a generalized tonic-clonic seizure at home. She had started Aldactazide (spironolactone + hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg daily) 3 days earlier, in addition to perindopril/amlodipine and captopril. Two weeks before symptom onset, her serum sodium level was 131 mmol/L. On admission to the intensive care unit, she was alert and hemodynamically stable, with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15. Laboratory evaluation revealed severe hyponatremia (115 mmol/L), hypokalemia (3.3 mmol/L; ionized 2.7 mmol/L), and hypochloremia (76 mmol/L). Lactate was transiently elevated at 8.3 mmol/L, consistent with postictal physiology. Renal, thyroid, and adrenal functions were normal. Brain CT and MRI showed no acute abnormalities. Controlled correction with 3% hypertonic saline resulted in progressive normalization of serum sodium (115 ⟶ 121 ⟶ 125 ⟶ 131 mmol/L) without overcorrection. The patient experienced complete neurological recovery and was transferred to the nephrology ward for continued monitoring. Aldactazide was discontinued.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case demonstrates that TIH can develop rapidly in middle-aged individuals and may lead to life-threatening neurological complications, including seizures. Clinicians should closely monitor serum sodium during the early phase of thiazide-containing diuretic therapy, particularly when combination regimens such as Aldactazide are prescribed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9604,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Nephrology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"9991770"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12934249/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147302641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giulio Romano, Alessandro Crestani, Giuseppe Como, Erika Cucchiaro, Nicholas Fiorini, Gianluca Colussi
{"title":"Is it Always Safe to Administer RAS Inhibitors to Patients Who Underwent Unilateral Radical Nephrectomy?","authors":"Giulio Romano, Alessandro Crestani, Giuseppe Como, Erika Cucchiaro, Nicholas Fiorini, Gianluca Colussi","doi":"10.1155/crin/5481521","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crin/5481521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Compensatory increases in single-kidney glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are usually observed after unilateral radical nephrectomy. However, the influence of hemodynamically active therapies on early functional compensation remains uncertain. We describe a 65-year-old man with latent autoimmune diabetes of adulthood, nonproteinuric chronic kidney disease consistent with atherosclerotic nephropathy, and mildly reduced baseline renal function who underwent right radical nephrectomy with caval thrombus removal for clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Based on preoperative split renal function, a postnephrectomy GFR above 45 mL/min was anticipated. Despite continued treatment with ramipril and dapagliflozin, GFR at 3 months remained close to the immediate postoperative value. After discontinuation of both agents, GFR increased above the expected threshold and remained stable, without albuminuria. This observation is hypothesis-generating and suggests that combined ACE and SGLT2 inhibition may transiently attenuate early functional compensation through hemodynamic mechanisms, particularly in patients with atherosclerotic nephropathy, supporting individualized perioperative management and close renal function monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":9604,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Nephrology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5481521"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12927968/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147282509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tim Debyser, Mattias Falter, Thomas Vanhoutte, Priyanka Koshy, Melissa Depypere, Katrien De Vusser, Liesbet Henckaerts
{"title":"Disseminated Bartonellosis Masquerading as Autoimmune Glomerulonephritis: A Case Report.","authors":"Tim Debyser, Mattias Falter, Thomas Vanhoutte, Priyanka Koshy, Melissa Depypere, Katrien De Vusser, Liesbet Henckaerts","doi":"10.1155/crin/7727894","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crin/7727894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although <i>Bartonella henselae</i> is primarily known for causing self-limiting cat scratch disease in immunocompetent individuals, it can also lead to severe disseminated infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We present a rare case of disseminated <i>B. henselae</i> infection in a 70-year-old man with multiple comorbidities, including a recent aortic valve replacement and pacemaker implantation. The patient initially presented with purpuric skin lesions, progressive renal impairment, and pancytopenia, leading to a preliminary diagnosis of autoimmune glomerulonephritis and treatment with immunosuppressants. Subsequent investigations, including kidney and skin biopsies, revealed C3-dominant glomerulonephritis and leukocytoclastic vasculitis, respectively. Further imaging uncovered a concurrent lung malignancy, treated with radiotherapy. Five months later, the patient presented with blood culture-negative endocarditis complicated by septic embolic strokes, persisting pancytopenia, and hepatosplenomegaly. Serology and <i>B. henselae</i> PCR of bone marrow confirmed disseminated <i>Bartonella henselae</i> infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case highlights the diagnostic challenges of disseminated <i>Bartonella</i> infections, which can mimic autoimmune diseases and delay appropriate treatment. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion to ensure timely diagnosis and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":9604,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Nephrology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"7727894"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12893391/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146177778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Light Chain Deposition Disease and Light Chain Cast Nephropathy in a Patient With Multiple Myeloma and HIV Infection: A Case Report.","authors":"Tamzyn Huisamen, Liezel Coetzee, Mogamat-Yazied Chothia","doi":"10.1155/crin/4508810","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crin/4508810","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kidney dysfunction is a common complication in multiple myeloma (MM), typically presenting with cast nephropathy as a single pattern of injury on kidney biopsy and infrequently occurs in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV). A man in his 50s, newly diagnosed with HIV, who was admitted with community-acquired pneumonia was found to have severe acute kidney injury requiring hemodialysis. Due to the lack of renal recovery, a kidney biopsy was performed, revealing fractured, periodic acid-Schiff stain-negative tubular casts with surrounding multinucleated giant cell reaction. Congo red staining was negative, but electron microscopy revealed granular subendothelial electron-dense deposits. Immunofluorescence demonstrated lambda light chain restriction. A diagnosis of light chain deposition disease with concurrent light chain cast nephropathy was made. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of concurrent light chain cast nephropathy and light chain deposition disease in a PLHIV and MM and highlights the importance of a kidney biopsy in the evaluation of acute kidney injury in a PLHIV and concomitant myeloma.</p>","PeriodicalId":9604,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Nephrology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"4508810"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12883664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146156074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jarrad Hopkins, James Nolan, Maleeka Ladhani, Chiang Lee
{"title":"Always Consider a Repeat Kidney Biopsy: Acute Interstitial Nephritis Soon After Membranous Nephropathy.","authors":"Jarrad Hopkins, James Nolan, Maleeka Ladhani, Chiang Lee","doi":"10.1155/crin/2277958","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crin/2277958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The heterogeneity of membranous nephropathy is well described in the literature, and its clinical course and response to treatment vary. Similarly, acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) can present in unexpected and unusual ways and should always be considered within the differential diagnosis of worsening renal function. This case study describes the cross-section of these two disease entities.</p><p><strong>Clinical case: </strong>A 68-year-old male with a history of hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), hyperlipidaemia, gout and treated prostate cancer presented with bilateral lower limb swelling and progressive renal dysfunction. Initial laboratory findings demonstrated nephrotic syndrome with impaired renal function. A positive phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) antibody confirmed primary membranous nephropathy. Renal biopsy showed typical findings of membranous nephropathy. Treatment with prednisolone and cyclophosphamide improved renal function initially. However, as prednisolone was tapered, creatinine levels rapidly worsened, leading to a second biopsy. The second biopsy demonstrated AIN superimposed on chronic membranous nephropathy. A drug-induced aetiology was suspected, with pantoprazole, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and frusemide identified as the most likely contributors. Following withdrawal of these agents and reinitiation of high-dose corticosteroids, the patient's renal function improved markedly, obviating the need for dialysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the importance of considering AIN and the need for timely repeat renal biopsy in cases of deteriorating renal function.</p>","PeriodicalId":9604,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Nephrology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"2277958"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12860571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146104030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Rare NPHS2 Mutation (E130K) in Hereditary Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome: A Case Report.","authors":"Ramzi Hmedan Mujahed, Omar Hammam Salloum, Nimatallah Fares Ishreiteh, Hiba Mofdi Hosheyh, Aisha Dahood Abu Hashem, Yara Fadi Shamestti, Malak Ramzy Hroub","doi":"10.1155/crin/8289305","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crin/8289305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hereditary steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (HSRNS) due to mutations in the NPHS2 gene (encoding podocin) is a rare genetic condition that typically presents in childhood. We report a case of a 2-year-and-8-month-old male, the seventh child of consanguineous parents, who presented with recurrent fever, febrile tonic-clonic seizures, and periorbital edema. His medical history included multiple hospitalizations in infancy due to suspected sepsis and chest infections. Upon admission, laboratory findings revealed proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and hypercholesterolemia, along with mild hepatomegaly. Genetic testing identified compound heterozygous mutations (R138X and E130K) in the NPHS2 gene, confirming a diagnosis of HSRNS. Renal biopsy revealed features consistent with minimal change disease, and immunofluorescence was negative for IgG, IgM, IgA, C3, and C4. The patient was treated with enalapril as part of supportive management. This case highlights the importance of early genetic testing and renal biopsy in diagnosing steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, particularly in children with atypical presentations. Understanding the genetic underpinnings of such rare cases is essential for guiding appropriate treatment and providing prognostic insights.</p>","PeriodicalId":9604,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Nephrology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"8289305"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12856216/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146103998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Punam Ajay Raval, John Otieno Odhiambo, Hanika Patel, Ahmed Sokwala
{"title":"A Case of Post-Transplantation Lymphoproliferative Disorder Following Kidney Transplantation.","authors":"Punam Ajay Raval, John Otieno Odhiambo, Hanika Patel, Ahmed Sokwala","doi":"10.1155/crin/5917161","DOIUrl":"10.1155/crin/5917161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This was a case of a 65-year-old gentleman known to have diabetes mellitus and hypertension since 2012 and post renal transplantation in 2016. He had also been treated for hepatitis C infection in the past. His regular medications included nebivolol 5 mg once a day, tacrolimus 4 mg twice a day, mycophenolate mofetil 500 mg twice a day, prednisolone 5 mg once a day, and insulin-novomix 14 units in the morning and 6 units at night. He presented to a tertiary teaching hospital in Kenya in October 2023 with abdominal pain, vomiting, and constipation on and off for 6 months, worse in the month prior to presentation. His examination was positive for dehydration, abdominal distension, and generalized abdominal tenderness. He had a normal hematological profile and renal function. A CT scan of the abdomen showed features of small bowel obstruction from the distal ileal to distal jejunal bowel loops. The patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy with intraoperative findings of a midjejunal tumor completely obstructing the lumen with proximal dilatation. The tumor was subsequently excised. Histological specimen confirmed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) as his final diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9604,"journal":{"name":"Case Reports in Nephrology","volume":"2026 ","pages":"5917161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12780540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145951325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}