Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz最新文献_第6页

[Infections with the human pathogenic Mycoplasma species M. genitalium and M. pneumoniae : Current epidemiological aspects]. [人类致病性支原体种生殖支原体和肺炎支原体的感染：当前流行病学方面]。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-025-04052-2

Roger Dumke

{"title":"[Infections with the human pathogenic Mycoplasma species M. genitalium and M. pneumoniae : Current epidemiological aspects].","authors":"Roger Dumke","doi":"10.1007/s00103-025-04052-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00103-025-04052-2","url":null,"abstract":"Two human pathogenic mycoplasma species, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and M. genitalium currently pose challenges for the clinical practice.M. pneumoniae is a common cause of community-acquired respiratory infections, which can lead to asymptomatic courses as well as severe atypical pneumonia. Extrapulmonary manifestations also occur. Since December 2023, a strong increase of reported cases has been registered in the federal state of Saxony, where reporting is mandatory. These numbers far exceed those from the previous ten years and are assumed to generally translate to the other federal states. The reason for this development is likely the reduced contact with the pathogen during the COVID-19 pandemic combined with a waning immunity in the population. Although there are no reliable data on an increase in the rate of severe cases, diagnostics and treatment must be adapted. The resistance rate to macrolides (which are primarily used in Germany) remains favorable at approximately 3%.M. genitalium is a sexually transmitted bacterium and is only causally relevant in a portion of male urethritis cases. While its epidemiological significance is limited, resistance to the guideline-recommended antibiotics azithromycin and moxifloxacin is increasing, reaching 69% and 25%, respectively, in samples tested in the German consulting laboratory in recent years. Even higher rates are to be expected in high-risk groups (e.g., men who have sex with men), where M. genitalium is relatively frequent. Under these conditions, therapy can only be successful with a resistance-guided treatment concept.This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on both pathogens.","PeriodicalId":9562,"journal":{"name":"Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[From craftsman to clinical pharmacist-the history of pharmaceutical education in Germany]. 【从工匠到临床药师——德国药学教育史】。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-025-04037-1

Axel Helmstädter

{"title":"[From craftsman to clinical pharmacist-the history of pharmaceutical education in Germany].","authors":"Axel Helmstädter","doi":"10.1007/s00103-025-04037-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00103-025-04037-1","url":null,"abstract":"The profession of pharmacist, which originally focused on craftsmanship, became increasingly scientific in nature from the 18th century onwards as the natural sciences, particularly chemistry, emerged. In parallel, the content of training was adapted in such a way that practical training periods were reduced and university training was extended. The original three-semester course (1875) was extended to four (1904), six (1934), seven (1971), and finally to eight semesters (1989). In the German Democratic Republic, academization was more dynamic, with eight semesters already being taught there in 1951. In terms of content, the upgrading had become necessary due to increased professional requirements in pharmaceutical technology, drug synthesis, pharmacology and, most recently, clinical pharmacy. However, the adjustments were always made with a long delay, which was partly bridged by the initiative of far-sighted pharmacists. Moreover, the respective reforms usually fell short of the demands and expectations of the profession, so that the discussion about modern training usually continued immediately after new regulations had been issued.","PeriodicalId":9562,"journal":{"name":"Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz","volume":" ","pages":"469-476"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12075259/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Further education and training of German pharmacists]. [德国药剂师的进一步教育和培训]。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-025-04038-0

Constanze Schäfer

{"title":"[Further education and training of German pharmacists].","authors":"Constanze Schäfer","doi":"10.1007/s00103-025-04038-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00103-025-04038-0","url":null,"abstract":"The 2013 amending directive on the recognition of professional qualifications (2005/36/EC) calls on European countries to implement concepts for the continuing professional development of healthcare professionals. This article examines the development of continuing education and training of pharmacists in Germany and compares it with Austria, France, Switzerland and the UK.The development of a voluntary training certificate for pharmacists in Germany began in the early 2000s. The certificate requires proof of 150 continuing education points, which can be earned by attending lectures, seminars and other educational activities, to be submitted to the responsible chamber of pharmacists. With the introduction of pharmaceutical services and vaccinations in 2022, proof of specific qualification measures will be linked to the authorisation to provide certain services.Specialisation developed differently in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) and the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG). In the GDR, specialisation was possible from 1974 and in the FRG from 1979. Today, further training to become a specialist pharmacist is offered in 10 areas, and additional designations can be acquired in 8 areas. Many EU countries have mandatory continuing education requirements, which are usually monitored by a professional association. Austria introduced mandatory continuing education in 2024. In Switzerland, in addition to specialisation, regular proof of continuing education is also required to manage a community pharmacy. France and the UK have mandatory revalidation systems that go beyond this, with the UK having implemented continuous professional (competence) development most comprehensively. Germany has the opportunity to utilise the experience of other European countries in order to further develop its continuing education and specialisation in line with EU standards.","PeriodicalId":9562,"journal":{"name":"Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz","volume":" ","pages":"532-538"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143717969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Adaptation of pharmacist training: competence-oriented catalogue of learning targets pharmacy and position paper of the profession on the amendment of the license ordinance]. [药剂师培训的调整：以能力为导向的药剂学目标学习目录和关于修订执照条例的专业立场文件]。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-025-04031-7

Berit Winter

{"title":"[Adaptation of pharmacist training: competence-oriented catalogue of learning targets pharmacy and position paper of the profession on the amendment of the license ordinance].","authors":"Berit Winter","doi":"10.1007/s00103-025-04031-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00103-025-04031-7","url":null,"abstract":"The \"Competence-oriented Catalogue of Learning Targets Pharmacy-Perspective Paper Pharmacy 2030\" (KLP-P) was adopted in 2017. The aim is to introduce or intensify the curriculum and competences during the training of pharmacists that are derived from the perspective paper Pharmacy 2030 and can be introduced without changing the License Ordinance for Pharmacists. The KLP‑P is a modern approach to the competence-orientated training of pharmacists in addition to the teaching of scientific and pharmaceutical knowledge, skills, and abilities. In addition to the drafting of the KLP‑P, the discussion on the amendment of the License Ordinance for Pharmacists was advanced and culminated in the preparation of the position paper of the Round Table in 2022. The Federal Chamber of Pharmacists, university lecturers, specialist pharmacy organizations, and student representatives discussed the issue at the round table. The position paper justified the application to the BMG for an amendment to the License Ordinance for Pharmacists. This article describes the background, structure, and handling of the KLP‑P; summarizes the most important positions of that position paper on the structure of training, training content, and the practical year; and describes the current status of the amendment process.","PeriodicalId":9562,"journal":{"name":"Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz","volume":" ","pages":"526-531"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Scientific basics of pharmacist education]. 【药学教育的科学基础】。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-025-04035-3

Bernd Clement

{"title":"[Scientific basics of pharmacist education].","authors":"Bernd Clement","doi":"10.1007/s00103-025-04035-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00103-025-04035-3","url":null,"abstract":"Pharmacy is part of the natural sciences and therefore the teachers in pharmacy provide basic training based on these subjects, although unlike the other natural science subjects, pharmacy is regulated by a standardised federal licensing regulation. As expected, general, organic and physical chemistry; analytics; biology; biochemistry; human biology; mathematics and physics in particular are included as basic subjects. The so-called \"Position Paper on the Reorganisation of the Licensing Regulations\" also continues to adhere to these areas, whereby instrumental analysis is emphasised more strongly in comparison to classical analysis and pharmaceutical biology places greater emphasis on the fundamentals of immunology and vaccines. Physical chemistry, physics and mathematics, which are particularly important for pharmaceutical technology, are integrated in physical pharmacy.In the position paper, pharmacology and clinical pharmacy are newly included in the basic study programme. The basics of human biology are also integrated into these subjects.The position paper is the basis of the so-called \"Round Table\". Members of the Round Table are members of all interest groups related to the German pharmacy (see also the article of Winter in this volume).","PeriodicalId":9562,"journal":{"name":"Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz","volume":" ","pages":"487-494"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12075253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Development of cannabis use from adolescence to young adulthood and risk and protective factors for problematic use-results of a longitudinal study]. [从青春期到青年期大麻使用的发展以及问题使用的风险和保护因素-一项纵向研究的结果]。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-15 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-025-04043-3

Ann-Katrin Job, Lina-Theresa Brieske

{"title":"[Development of cannabis use from adolescence to young adulthood and risk and protective factors for problematic use-results of a longitudinal study].","authors":"Ann-Katrin Job, Lina-Theresa Brieske","doi":"10.1007/s00103-025-04043-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00103-025-04043-3","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: On April 1, 2024, the new cannabis law came into force, legalizing the use of cannabis in Germany. Even before, Cannabis had been one of the most commonly used drugs. However, problematic cannabis use is related to a variety of health risks especially for adolescents and young adults. This study examines the development of cannabis use from adolescence to young adulthood as well as risk and protective factors for problematic use among young adults.Methods: The data come from the German longitudinal study \"Future Family\" (Start: 2001; 18-year follow-up: 2020-22). The sample includes N = 278 young adults (M = 22.3 years). Prevalence rates and the development of cannabis use from adolescence to young adulthood are analyzed. Various child- and family-related variables from early childhood and adolescence are examined as potential risk and protective factors for problematic cannabis use.Results: The lifetime prevalence of cannabis use was 57.6%, and the prevalence of problematic use was 13.7%. Young men had a 3.3 times higher risk of problematic cannabis use compared to young women. Young adults who had already used cannabis at least once in their youth when surveyed had a 2.6 times higher risk of problematic use in young adulthood. The extent of mother-reported externalizing behavior problems in adolescence significantly predicted problematic use eight years later.Discussion: The results confirm that cannabis use and problematic use in young adulthood were not a rare phenomenon even before legalization. They highlight the need for both conditional and behavioral preventive actions and provide numerous starting points for future research.","PeriodicalId":9562,"journal":{"name":"Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz","volume":"68 5","pages":"548-559"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12075276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143981642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stellungnahme zur varianten Creutzfeldt-Jakob-Krankheit (vCJK): Ausschlusskriterien für die Blut- und Plasmaspende : Bei der 96. Sitzung des Arbeitskreises Blut am 06.12.2024 wurde folgende Stellungnahme (S 27) verabschiedet. 关于变异型克雅氏病（vCJD）的意见：献血者和血浆的排除标准：96。2016年12月26日，美国众议院通过了一项法案，将其命名为“2027号法案”。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-025-04025-5

引用次数: 0

Richtwerte für Acrolein (Prop-2-enal) in der Innenraumluft : Mitteilung des Ausschusses für Innenraumrichtwerte (AIR). 室内空气中丙烯酸（Prop-2-enal）的指示性值：室内空气中指示性值委员会（AIR）的通讯。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-025-04040-6

引用次数: 0

[Patient-oriented teaching formats in clinical pharmacy-status quo in German university pharmacist education]. [以患者为导向的临床药学教学形式--德国大学药剂师教育的现状]。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-025-04036-2

Frank Dörje, Mirjam Gnadt, Jacqueline Bauer, Monika Dircks

{"title":"[Patient-oriented teaching formats in clinical pharmacy-status quo in German university pharmacist education].","authors":"Frank Dörje, Mirjam Gnadt, Jacqueline Bauer, Monika Dircks","doi":"10.1007/s00103-025-04036-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00103-025-04036-2","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the change in the professional profile of pharmacists in hospital and public pharmacies in Germany, patients and their individual pharmacotherapy are more than ever within the focus of pharmacy. Teaching in clinical pharmacy should enable future pharmacists to optimize drug therapy for patients. For this purpose, inter alia, patient-oriented teaching formats should be employed. Using a structured literature search and an ad hoc survey among all 22 German pharmacy universities (response rate 86%, 19/22), the range of patient-oriented teaching formats in clinical pharmacy was assessed.At a minimum, the required case-based, theoretical patient-oriented teaching and learning in accordance with the education standard 6 of the Clinical Pharmacy Section of the German Pharmaceutical Society (DPhG) is implemented among almost all sites (18/19). Six out of 19 educational sites offer four or more patient-oriented teaching formats. Furthermore, the formats bedside teaching (12/19) and interprofessional teaching (10/19) are frequently practiced (mostly optional). Bedside teaching is often provided on a voluntary basis or through teaching assignments by clinical pharmacists. The time available for patient-oriented teaching is clearly limited due to the very restricted personnel resources. The overall view shows that patient-oriented teaching in clinical pharmacy is practiced very heterogeneously. This applies to the type of courses offered, the temporal scope, and the proportion of compulsory courses. The amendment of university pharmacist education should provide significantly more comprehensive and mandatory patient-oriented teaching formats in the subject of clinical pharmacy. This also requires an adequate supply of clinically competent teaching staff.","PeriodicalId":9562,"journal":{"name":"Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz","volume":" ","pages":"495-502"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12075349/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

[Digital learning methods in pharmacy]. [药学数字化学习方法]。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz Pub Date : 2025-05-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-025-04041-5

Christoph Ritter

{"title":"[Digital learning methods in pharmacy].","authors":"Christoph Ritter","doi":"10.1007/s00103-025-04041-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00103-025-04041-5","url":null,"abstract":"With the outbreak of the SARS-CoV‑2 pandemic in March 2020 and the associated restrictions on teaching, digital learning methods were increasingly used at many universities. Digital learning methods generally include fully or partially digitized learning elements such as lecture recordings, open learning materials, or e‑portfolios. Fully or partially digitized learning formats include game-based learning, the inverted classroom, mobile learning, the use of social media, online peer and collaborative learning, and adaptive learning. Digitized realities are created in the context of simulation-based learning and in augmented and virtual reality. Online-based event formats and online degree programs are characterized by an almost exclusive proportion of internet-based learning phases.The extent to which digital learning methods are used in pharmacy courses in Germany is explained in this article using selected practical examples. The selected examples include the creation of an audio podcast to assess the performance of a clinical chemistry internship as a form of digital learning element, the use of a digital analysis tool to carry out medication analyses as an example of mobile learning, a blended learning concept to teach the basics of clinical pharmacy, an online concept of virtual bedside teaching, and a game-like simulation for dispensing medicines. The inclusion of artificial intelligence can be helpful in the development and implementation of digital learning offerings. However, a sufficiently high quality and critical approach must be guaranteed.","PeriodicalId":9562,"journal":{"name":"Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz","volume":" ","pages":"511-518"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12075329/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143751266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0