Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz最新文献

{"title":"[Platform technologies in vaccine development].","authors":"Eberhard Hildt","doi":"10.1007/s00103-025-04024-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00103-025-04024-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Platform technologies in the narrower sense refer to approaches to vaccine development in which the vaccine is always based on a consistently identical framework and differs only in terms of the antigen. One advantage of platform technologies is their rapid adaptability for the development of a vaccine against novel pathogens or variants. Currently approved vaccines in the EU use viral vectors and mRNA as platforms. Recombinant adenoviruses (Ad), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), and modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) serve as viral vectors. The application of mRNA-based vaccines is carried out in the form of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). The function of the LNPs is to protect the mRNA from degradation, promote the uptake of the mRNA into the cells, and provide an adjuvant effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":9562,"journal":{"name":"Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz","volume":" ","pages":"368-377"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11950034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Promoting vaccination prevention in Germany across federal states with a focus on European goals: the national immunization steering group (NaLI)].","authors":"Jens Milbradt, Maria-Sabine Ludwig","doi":"10.1007/s00103-025-04026-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00103-025-04026-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The National Immunization Steering Group (NaLI), founded in 2016, is a federal-state committee that promotes the exchange of information on immunization strategies across state borders and encourages the development of joint approaches. One of the main tasks of the NaLI is to implement, monitor, and update the National Vaccination Plan of 2012, which provides information on the complex organization of the federal vaccination system in Germany and formulates goals and measures to improve the vaccination protection of the population.In addition to a brief evaluation of the implementation of the National Vaccination Plan of 2012, this article describes the efforts made to date to supplement and further develop the plan. In particular, these include the transparent presentation of the German vaccination system on the NaLI website, the National Action Plan for the Elimination of Measles and Rubella published in 2015, and a concept for HPV vaccination currently being developed by the NaLI.In recent years, some of the goals of the National Vaccination Plan have been achieved and many aspects have evolved. The NaLI therefore intends to revise the plan, taking into account the experience gained during its implementation and new scientific evidence. International policies and targets, in particular the European Immunization Agenda 2030, provide important guidance. The agenda sets targets that go beyond achieving specific immunization coverage levels. It focuses on equitable access to immunization, the concept of immunization delivery across the life course, and the control of outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases. The aim of the adaptation and update of the National Vaccination Plan is to achieve a coordinated promotion of vaccination prevention throughout the country.</p>","PeriodicalId":9562,"journal":{"name":"Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz","volume":" ","pages":"360-367"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11950026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Digital innovations in vaccination communication].","authors":"Robert Böhm, Rian Gross, Sabrina Forst, Julia Reiter, Cornelia Betsch","doi":"10.1007/s00103-025-04019-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00103-025-04019-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the significant success of vaccinations, increasing vaccine hesitancy poses a threat to public health, making effective vaccination communication essential. Both personalized, needs-based conversations between healthcare providers and patients and large-scale, standardized vaccination campaigns through traditional media are important tools for addressing patients' concerns, correcting misinformation, and conveying positive arguments for the benefits of vaccination. This article describes innovative digital solutions for vaccination communication that combine the strengths of these two approaches, potentially becoming vital components of vaccination communication in an increasingly digital society. We focus on four digital solutions: social media, smartphone apps, chatbots, and immersive technologies (particularly virtual reality). We describe the features of these media and technologies, potential target groups for their application, selected scientific evidence regarding their effectiveness in vaccination communication, and potential research gaps and opportunities. Finally, we offer suggestions for possible application areas of these digital solutions in vaccination communication. While research on the use of innovative digital solutions in vaccination communication is still in its early stages, we see great potential for integrating these technologies as complementary measures into comprehensive vaccination communication strategies to enhance the effectiveness of future vaccination campaigns and promote global health.</p>","PeriodicalId":9562,"journal":{"name":"Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz","volume":" ","pages":"408-415"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11950022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143405697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Vaccination reminders in Germany: inventory and ideas for tomorrow using the example of HPV vaccination : Report on the results of the InveSt HPV project].","authors":"Anja Takla, Elisa Wulkotte, Yvonne Bichel, Johannes Lachmann, Angelika Trübswetter, Julia Wilhelm, Annabel Zettel, Nora Schmid-Küpke","doi":"10.1007/s00103-025-04030-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00103-025-04030-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Germany, vaccinations take place almost exclusively in physicians' private practices. This means that every contact with a practice or physician is an important opportunity to receive a recommended vaccination. The effectiveness of invitation and reminder systems for the implementation of recommended vaccinations has already been proven by studies, but in contrast to many other countries, such systems are not used across the board in Germany. The \"Intervention Study to Increase HPV Vaccination Coverage in Germany\" (InveSt HPV) therefore addresses, among other things, the question of what barriers exist to the use and dissemination of invitation and vaccination reminder systems. To this end, two nationwide quantitative surveys of (i) 345 pediatricians in private practices and (ii) 1805 parents with children aged 9 to 14 as well as a survey of 46 statutory health insurances with around 51 million insured persons were conducted. The survey results and other evidence compiled by the project team formed the basis for a workshop with vaccination-relevant stakeholders from the healthcare sector. The aim of the workshop was to work together on concepts for a future invitation and vaccination reminder system in Germany using the specific example of the HPV (Human Papillomavirus) vaccination. This report presents the core results of the surveys conducted and selected additional evidence compiled by the project team for the workshop. Finally, the workshop and the key elements developed by the participants for an HPV-related invitation and vaccination reminder system 2.0 are described.</p>","PeriodicalId":9562,"journal":{"name":"Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz","volume":" ","pages":"398-407"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11950045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Potential and limitations of school vaccination programs to increase HPV vaccination rates in Germany].","authors":"Anja Takla, Nora Schmid-Küpke, Ole Wichmann","doi":"10.1007/s00103-025-04029-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00103-025-04029-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Even more than 15 years after the first vaccination recommendation by the Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO) against human papillomaviruses (HPV), vaccination coverage in Germany remains low. As a possible measure to increase HPV vaccination coverage in Germany, the widespread introduction of HPV school vaccination programs, as they exist in other European countries, is often called for. However, any implementation of a widespread health intervention should be preceded by an evidence assessment that also takes national circumstances into account. This article provides an overview of the evidence available to date on the effect of school vaccination programs in Germany and discusses the results. Corresponding evidence is so far limited and comes from three local (pilot) programs. These show that about one-third of those not vaccinated took up the school vaccination offer, while two-thirds did not. No program in Germany has yet collected data on the reasons for not accepting the vaccination offer or whether any hesitancy that may exist relates to the place of vaccination (school) or the vaccination itself. Furthermore, there is a lack of cost-benefit analyses of school vaccination programs. This would be important for their evaluation due to the structures that would have to be newly established in Germany for this purpose. Based on the evidence available to date, it seems rather unlikely that the introduction of a comprehensive school vaccination program could significantly increase HPV vaccination rates in Germany. However, in addition to other measures, school vaccination programs could possibly be part of a structured vaccination system for specific target groups or in certain defined regions. In contrast to the existing vaccination system in Germany, such a structured vaccination system could ensure that all members of the target group are actively offered HPV vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":9562,"journal":{"name":"Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz","volume":" ","pages":"416-425"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11950032/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Cost effectiveness of vaccinations: on the complexity of health economic analyses of influenza, SARS-CoV-2 and RSV vaccination].","authors":"Peter Klimek","doi":"10.1007/s00103-025-04022-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00103-025-04022-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The question of the cost effectiveness of medical interventions is one of the central issues in health economics. This narrative review examines the cost effectiveness of vaccination against influenza, SARS-CoV‑2 and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) considering current health economic analyses. The annual influenza vaccination and the booster vaccination against SARS-CoV‑2 in 2023 and 2024 are proving to be cost effective and in some cases even cost saving, especially in high-risk groups. The cost effectiveness of the RSV vaccination, which was approved in 2023, is less clear. It strongly depends on the age group and the willingness to pay for a quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. The analysis shows that the evaluation of vaccinations requires a considerable amount of data. In addition to direct protective effects, model calculations on vaccinations must also consider indirect effects, such as the reduction of transmission in the population with higher vaccination rates. Sensitivity analyses make it clear that factors such as vaccine costs, effectiveness and disease incidence can have a decisive influence on cost effectiveness. One of the biggest challenges in health economic analyses is the fragmentation of health data in many countries, which makes comprehensive and precise assessments difficult. Initiatives such as the European Health Data Space could help and support evidence-based decision making in health policy. Overall, the cost effectiveness of vaccinations remains dependent on numerous factors, with SARS-CoV‑2 and influenza vaccinations receiving a positive assessment in the scenarios analysed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9562,"journal":{"name":"Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz","volume":" ","pages":"451-457"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11950121/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[HPV school vaccination program: How can this be implemented successfully? : A report from the Bremen Health Office].","authors":"Josefine Renken, Imke Hübotter, Christiane Piepel","doi":"10.1007/s00103-025-04023-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00103-025-04023-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are known to cause different types of cancer. Despite the Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO) recommending HPV vaccination for all adolescents, gaps remain in coverage. The vaccination rates in Germany have been below the target set by the World Health Organization (WHO). School vaccination programs are an effective way to ensure higher vaccination coverage among adolescents, especially within socially disadvantaged families. The Bremen Health Office has been administering HPV vaccinations in schools for over a decade and the experiences highlight the importance of collaboration with school authorities and teachers as well as overcoming language barriers. Additionally, challenges in creating clear, legally compliant educational materials are noted. The HPV vaccines are safe and can be effectively administered in schools without medical concerns. The school program's preparation, the procedure in the schools, and the follow-up are described in detail in this article. They can provide support to other public health authorities with the implementation of an HPV school vaccination program.</p>","PeriodicalId":9562,"journal":{"name":"Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz","volume":" ","pages":"426-431"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143540158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Pneumococcal vaccination in people aged 60 and over: relationships between vaccination intention, knowledge, and psychological reasons for the vaccination decision].","authors":"Hannah Nordmann, Sarah Anna Katharina Uthoff, Anna Zinkevich, Julia Iwen, Marc Biedermann, Lena Ansmann","doi":"10.1007/s00103-025-04012-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00103-025-04012-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Worldwide, pneumococci are the most common cause of morbidity and mortality from lower respiratory tract infections. Despite recommendations of the Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO), the vaccination rate against pneumococci in over 60-year-olds in Germany remains low. This study therefore investigates the associations between psychological reasons for (non-) vaccination, knowledge about pneumococci, age and gender, previous vaccination decisions, and pneumococcal vaccination intention in over 60-year-olds.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The analysis is based on data from the study \"ALtersspezifische Impfinanspruchnahme VErbessern,\" in which 1117 patients aged 60 and over were surveyed in 2022. In addition to the descriptive evaluation of the cross-sectional data, a Spearman correlation analysis was carried out. Predictive variables were also identified in a linear regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Confidence in the safety of vaccination (β = 0.514, p < 0.001) and receiving the influenza vaccination (β = 0.153, p < 0.001) in the last season are the strongest predictors of pneumococcal vaccination intention. In addition, the perceived risk of pneumococcal infection (β = 0.086, p = 0.002) showed a significant positive correlation with vaccination intention. The regression analysis performed was able to explain 48.8% of the variance in vaccination intention (R² = 0.488).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Confidence and risk perception appear to be decisive factors in the decision to get vaccinated. Measures that address these aspects could increase vaccination intention. A joint administration of the influenza and pneumococcal vaccination could be useful, as receiving an influenza vaccination in the previous season showed a positive effect on the intention to get the pneumococcal vaccination.</p>","PeriodicalId":9562,"journal":{"name":"Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz","volume":" ","pages":"388-397"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11950118/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143514784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Evaluation of the implementation of the measles and COVID-19 vaccination mandates by public health authorities and health facilities: 2 case studies].","authors":"Nora Schmid-Küpke, Leonard Kranz, Eva Rehfuess, Ole Wichmann, Julia Neufeind","doi":"10.1007/s00103-025-04027-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00103-025-04027-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Germany, two vaccination mandates were introduced in response to measles outbreaks and stagnating COVID-19 vaccination rates. In March 2020, the Measles Protection Act came into effect, and in December 2021, a COVID-19 vaccination mandate for medical institutions was enacted. The aim of this study was to examine the implementation of both vaccination mandates and the associated challenges in public health authorities (PHAs) and other affected institutions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty semi-structured expert interviews were conducted with PHAs and other institutions from federal states with both high and low vaccination rates. The online interviews took place in October and November 2022, were electronically recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using framework analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The implementation of the measles vaccination mandate was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic and postponed several times until after the end of the transition period. For the temporary COVID-19 vaccination mandate, lengthy administrative processes were a major aspect that hindered the implementation of measures and limited its effectiveness. Sanctions were rarely imposed in either case. Implementation was characterized by significant heterogeneity; PHAs reported legal uncertainties regarding practical implementation and a lack of clarity on who should report. The mandates also created conflicting aims between the mandate and concerns over potential personnel shortages or denied educational opportunities.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study identified key factors for the successful implementation of a vaccination mandate. Mandatory reporting, even in cases where no problems exist, standardized procedures, and legal support could facilitate implementation. However, it remains uncertain how to resolve conflicts of aims arising from vaccination mandates.</p>","PeriodicalId":9562,"journal":{"name":"Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz","volume":" ","pages":"432-443"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11950079/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Monitoring vaccination coverage in Germany-current status and trends].","authors":"Thorsten Rieck, Cornelius Rau, Elisa Wulkotte, Marcel Feig, Constantin Fischer, Ole Wichmann, Annika Steffen","doi":"10.1007/s00103-025-04020-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00103-025-04020-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Timely and reliable data on the vaccination status of the population are essential for the evaluation of vaccination programs. The analysis of school entry examination data and health claims data from the Associations of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians is the basis for monitoring the vaccination coverage in Germany. These two established and effective systems are supplemented by surveys among special target groups that can provide data on vaccination coverage, acceptance, and intention to be vaccinated.With the data from school entry examinations and health claims, vaccination coverage can only be reported with a delay of 1-2 years. Furthermore, the health claims data are incomplete due to the increasing diversification of vaccination service providers. The need for a complete and timely monitoring of the vaccination coverage during the COVID-19 pandemic revealed the limitations of these systems in an emergency situation. Therefore, the temporary Digital Immunization Monitoring (DIM) system for collecting COVID-19 vaccination data was established. With DIM, it was possible to collect COVID-19 vaccination data from all vaccination service providers on a daily basis.With the vision of timely and complete monitoring of vaccination coverage, the integration of vaccination data collection into the German Electronic Reporting and Information System for Infection Protection (DEMIS) is being developed as a uniform reporting infrastructure. In the future, DEMIS will be used to collect timely, pseudonymized, and individual-based vaccination data from all vaccination service providers. This will enable the evaluation of vaccination programs with little delay using complete and high-resolution data as well as the rapid adaptation of vaccination recommendations and communication strategies as needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":9562,"journal":{"name":"Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz","volume":" ","pages":"351-359"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11950009/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}