Cancer Imaging最新文献

{"title":"Diffusion weighted imaging-based tumor growth rate for predicting long-term survival in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.","authors":"Fan Yang, Ya Zhang, Michael Iv, Haoran Wei, Sai Wang, Xiaolu Li, Xiaoduo Yu, Lin Li, Yanfeng Zhao, Lizhi Xie, Dehong Luo, Meng Lin, Hongmei Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s40644-026-01041-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40644-026-01041-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To explore the prognostic value of tumor special growth rate (TSGR) in patients with NPC and investigate the potential of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) habitat analysis as a surrogate marker.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients who underwent two MRI scans before any type of treatment at two institutes were included. Radiologists manually delineated the volume of the primary tumor, and the doubling time and TSGR were calculated. Correlation between TSGR and long-term survival was evaluated using multivariate Cox analysis. Moreover, a radiologist delineated the tumor on b = 0 s/mm² images during the first MRI scan. Each tumor was divided into two subregions based on the individual mean apparent diffusion coefficient value (ADC_Mean), and the ADC value (ADC_down [mm²/s] and ADC_up [mm²/s]) of each subregion was calculated. ADC values for diagnosing TSGR and predicting survival were evaluated and validated using 5-fold cross-validation (iterations = 1000) and in an independent cohort.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 98 patients were included (median age: 51 years; 24 females; training cohort: 64). The median doubling time was 131.9 days. Patients in the rapid-growth group (TSGR ≥ 1.4%) had significantly poorer survival than those in the slow-growth group (TSGR < 1.4%) in both the training and validation cohorts (p ≤ 0.006). ADC_down was a valuable factor in predicting TSGR (area under the curve: 0.792). Notably, the addition of ADC_down further improved the predictive value of TNM stage (0.663-0.848 vs. 0.631-0.785).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with high ADC_down value may have the rapid-growth potential and were more likely to have a poor prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9548,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Imaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147863543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of colorectal liver metastases in photon-counting detector CT - optimizing imaging through spectral reconstruction.","authors":"Maximilian Moos, Tilman Emrich, Maximilian Nguyen, Sebastian Steinmetz, Roman Kloeckner, Felix Hahn, Paul Steiner, Constantin Scholz, Markus Moehler, Hauke Lang, Tobias Bäuerle, Tobias Jorg, Lukas Müller","doi":"10.1186/s40644-026-01044-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40644-026-01044-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the visibility of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) using photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT) and to determine the optimal virtual monoenergetic image (VMI) and iodine map reconstructions for improved contrast detection between metastases and surrounding liver parenchyma.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 117 patients with 227 CRLM (up to three measurements per patient) who underwent abdominal PCD-CT for staging between 09/2022 and 08/2024 were retrospectively included. VMI were reconstructed at energy levels between 40 and 90 keV (in 10 keV increments), and scanner-generated iodine maps were additionally analysed. To quantify contrast between CRLM and liver parenchyma, the parenchyma-to-lesion ratio (PLR) was calculated for each VMI and iodine map. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was determined based on attenuation values of the metastases and the bilateral musculus erector spinae, as well as its standard deviation. For the iodine map, lesion and parenchyma iodine concentrations were used analogously. Subjective assessment of metastases visibility on the three best VMIs in PLR and CNR (40-60 keV) and iodine maps were independently performed by three radiologists.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lesion and liver attenuation decreased steadily with higher keV levels. Iodine maps showed markedly higher iodine concentration in liver parenchyma than in metastases. The PLR was highest on the iodine map (3.29 ± 2.01), followed by 40 keV (2.19 ± 0.73). Regarding CNR, the 40 keV VMI showed the highest value (1.49 ± 1.70), followed by the iodine map (1.09 ± 0.99). CNR values decreased further at higher energies and significantly reduced at 70-90 keV. Paired superiority testing confirmed 40 keV as the best-performing VMI, showing significantly higher CNR than the iodine map, whereas PLR remained superior on the iodine map. Subjective ratings indicated that the 50 keV VMI provided the best visibility of CRLM. The iodine map consistently received lower subjective ratings across all criteria.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both iodine maps and low-keV VMIs, particularly at 40 keV, demonstrated high PLR and CNR values, contributing to improved depiction of CRLM in PCD-CT. The complementary use of these reconstructions may enhance lesion detection and overall diagnostic confidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":9548,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Imaging","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13154852/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147834094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered glymphatic-related MRI markers in children with acute lymphoblastic and myeloid leukemia at diagnosis.","authors":"Shu Su, Zhou Liu, Shuzhen Huang, Xiang Gao, Chengfen Deng, Weifeng Hou, Long Qian, Libin Huang, Yanlai Tang, Zhiyun Yang, Liping Lin","doi":"10.1186/s40644-026-01045-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40644-026-01045-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While the discovery of the glymphatic system has greatly advanced our understanding of waste clearance and fluid dynamics in central nervous system diseases, the neurofluid dynamics in pediatric acute leukemia remain to be elucidated. This study sought to evaluate MRI markers putatively related to neurofluid dynamics in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), including perivascular space (PVS) burden, free water (FW) fraction, and diffusion tensor imaging along the PVS (DTI-ALPS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy-two children with acute leukemia and 72 age- and sex-matched typically developing (TD) children (50 ALL and TDs1; 22 AML and TDs2) were included in this prospective study. Group differences in brain volumetric measures and glymphatic-related MRI markers were evaluated. In addition, MRI metrics that differed significantly between groups were further examined for associations with clinical variables and total sleep scale scores using partial correlation analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to TDs, ALL and AML showed no significant differences in intracranial volume. Compared with TDs, decreased brain parenchymal volume and gray matter volume were found in both children with ALL and AML (all FDR-corrected P ≤ 0.04). Compared with TDs, the ALL group exhibited reduced white matter volume and increased cerebrospinal fluid volume (all FDR-corrected P ≤ 0.001), while the AML group showed no significant differences in these measures. For glymphatic-related MRI markers, decreased PVS volume and count, FW value, and DTI-ALPS index were observed in both ALL and AML (all FDR-corrected P ≤ 0.02). In addition, the DTI-ALPS index was negatively correlated with risk stratification and total scale scores in children with ALL (all P ≤ 0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This preliminary, cross-sectional study identified a neuroimaging pattern in pediatric acute leukemia, characterized by reduced brain parenchyma volume and alterations in MRI markers putatively linked to neurofluid dynamics. In patients with ALL, a lower ALPS index was correlated with higher clinical risk stratification and greater sleep disturbance. These observations support future studies to clarify the biological relevance of neurofluid-related imaging features in acute leukemia.</p><p><strong>Prospectively registered trials number: </strong>ChiCTR2000031353; registered date: 2020-04.</p>","PeriodicalId":9548,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Imaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147834081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic value of PSMA PET-derived tumor volume in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with abiraterone or enzalutamide.","authors":"Tugay Atasever, Gunduzalp Bugrahan Babacan, Ömer Burak Ekinci, Aslı Buyukkuscu, Beyza Soylu Uslu, Fatma Zehra Yıldız Kabaca, Muhammed Mustafa Atcı, Savaş Karyagar, Kayhan Ertürk, Emir Çelik","doi":"10.1186/s40644-026-01036-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40644-026-01036-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), clinical outcomes remain highly heterogeneous despite the widespread use of next-generation androgen receptor pathway inhibitors. Reliable imaging-based biomarkers capable of reflecting whole-body tumor burden and predicting prognosis are needed. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET-derived volumetric parameters have emerged as potential prognostic tools, yet their role in patients treated with abiraterone or enzalutamide remains insufficiently defined.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed 54 patients with mCRPC treated with abiraterone or enzalutamide between 2013 and 2025. Baseline 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT scans were used to derive quantitative imaging parameters, including PSMA tumor volume (PSMA-TV), total lesion PSMA expression (PSMA-TL), and SUV-based metrics. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were assessed using Kaplan-Meier analyses. Receiver operating characteristic analyses identified optimal cut-off values, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine independent prognostic factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher baseline PSMA-TV and PSMA-TL were significantly associated with inferior OS and PFS. A PSMA-TV cut-off of ≥ 44.84 demonstrated good discriminatory ability for mortality prediction (AUC = 0.707, p = 0.010). In multivariate analysis, PSMA-TV ≥ 44.84 emerged as an independent predictor of mortality (HR 9.48, 95% CI 1.14-78.97; p = 0.037). Early PSA kinetics provided complementary prognostic information, and a PSA level ≥ 0.20 ng/mL at 6 months was independently associated with disease progression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PSMA PET-derived volumetric parameters, particularly PSMA tumor volume, provide robust prognostic information in mCRPC patients treated with abiraterone or enzalutamide. When combined with early PSA kinetics, these imaging biomarkers enable improved risk stratification and may support more individualized treatment strategies. Prospective multicenter studies are warranted to validate these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":9548,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Imaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147811451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of relapsed/refractory primary central nervous system lymphoma using pre-chemotherapy ITSS grade on SWI and pre-/post-chemotherapy ADC parameters on DWI.","authors":"Yijing Zhao, Feiman Yang, Meina Li, Feifei Yu, Na Lin, Dairong Cao, Zhen Xing","doi":"10.1186/s40644-026-01042-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40644-026-01042-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of SWI and DWI in predicting the relapsed/refractory primary central nervous system lymphoma (R/R PCNSL).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Seventy-seven patients with histologically confirmed PCNSL were enrolled. Patients were divided into R/R group (n = 40) and Non-R/R group (n = 37), according to follow-up outcomes. Demographics, pathological indicators, conventional MRI characteristics, pre-chemotherapy intratumoral susceptibility signal (ITSS) grade, ADC parameters, including pre-chemotherapy relative minimum ADC (rADC_min-pre) and relative mean ADC (rADC_mean-pre), post-chemotherapy relative minimum ADC (rADC_min-post) and relative mean ADC (rADC_mean-post), as well as the change in relative minimum ADC (rADC_min-change) and relative mean ADC (rADC_mean-change), were compared between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic curves and logistic regression analysis were used to assess the predictive performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with Non-R/R PCNSL group, R/R PCNSL group showed significantly lower Ki-67 index (P = 0.004) but higher pre-chemotherapy ITSS grade (P < 0.001). The comparison of rADC_min-pre and rADC_mean-pre between the two groups showed no significant differences (P > 0.05). However, among the 50 patients with available post-treatment ADC data, rADC_min-post, rADC_mean-post, rADC_min-change and rADC_mean-change in R/R group were significantly lower than in Non-R/R group (all P < 0.001). The predictive performance of rADC_min-post, rADC_mean-post, rADC_min-change and rADC_mean-change was comparable to that of pre-chemotherapy ITSS grade for R/R PCNSL (0.894 vs. 0.714, 0.867 vs. 0.714, 0.877 vs. 0.714, 0.814 vs. 0.714, all P > 0.05), but superior to that of Ki-67 index (0.894 vs. 0.665, 0.867 vs. 0.665, 0.877 vs. 0.665, 0.814 vs. 0.665, all P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The pre-chemotherapy ITSS grade, rADC_min-post, rADC_mean-post, rADC_min-change and rADC_mean-change may serve as preferable imaging biomarkers for predicting R/R PCNSL, and compare favorably with Ki-67 index.</p>","PeriodicalId":9548,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Imaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147811372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parametric mapping of dynamic ⁶⁸Ga FAPI-46-PET data of 42 patients with pancreatic lesions.","authors":"Anna-Maria Spektor, Isabelle von Goetze, Hans-Georg Buchholz, Ulrike Heger, Matthias Lang, Jakob Liermann, Maximilian Knoll, Klaus Herfarth, Mathias Schreckenberger, Jürgen Debus, Uwe Haberkorn, Manuel Röhrich","doi":"10.1186/s40644-026-01040-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40644-026-01040-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9548,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Imaging","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13127050/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of targeted chemokine receptor 4 PET/CT in evaluating active lesions in multiple myeloma, comparison to ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT.","authors":"Junpeng Li, Jihui Li, Shushan Ge, Jinming Cao, Na Dai, Xin Xu, Yingying Zhang, Jiajia Dong, Shengming Deng, Bin Zhang","doi":"10.1186/s40644-026-01039-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40644-026-01039-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9548,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Imaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preoperative diagnosis of lateral cervical lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma: a multimodal ultrasound model integrating super-resolution ultrasound.","authors":"Wenwen Fan, Lele Song, Jing Liu, Yaodong Chen, Gang Liang, Ruining Wang, Zhilong Liu, Qian Zhang, Yufang Zhao, Guolin Yin, Ping Liang, Liping Liu","doi":"10.1186/s40644-026-01026-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40644-026-01026-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9548,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Imaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CT-guided ablation for stage I non-small cell lung cancer: a comparative study between cryoablation and microwave ablation.","authors":"Rui Han, Hai-Tao Wang, Jin-Liang Hu, Fei Teng, Jia Lin, Zhi-Hai Yu, Yun Lu","doi":"10.1186/s40644-026-01038-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40644-026-01038-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Computed tomography (CT)-guided tumor ablation has emerged as an important treatment option for patients with stage I non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who are poor surgical candidates. Here, the clinical performance and safety profiles of cryoablation (CA) and microwave ablation (MWA) for stage I NSCLC were compared.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Consecutive patients with stage I NSCLC treated with CT-guided CA or MWA between November 2022 and March 2025 were retrospectively enrolled. Outcomes evaluated included ablation effectiveness, long-term survival, and procedure-related complications, which were examined and compared between groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ninety-one patients were eligible for analysis in the present study, of whom 48 underwent CA and 43 underwent MWA. Baseline characteristics did not differ significantly between groups. Primary complete ablation rates were 93.8% for CA and 95.3% for MWA (p = 1.000); secondary complete ablation was achieved in all remaining cases in both cohorts. Patients treated with CA reported significantly lower procedural pain scores than those treated with MWA (median 1 vs. 3, p < 0.001). Median postoperative hospital stay was comparable (3 vs. 2 days, p = 0.376). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 16 months for CA and 15 months for MWA (p = 0.763), while median overall survival (OS) was 23 and 24 months, respectively (p = 0.894). Complication rates were similar in both groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>For stage I NSCLC, both CA and MWA demonstrated comparable therapeutic efficacy and safety. However, CA offered the advantage of reduced intraprocedural pain compared with MWA.</p>","PeriodicalId":9548,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Imaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-dependent diffusion MRI as in vivo histology: microstructural biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis and prognostic stratification.","authors":"Yu Zhou, Suyu Liu, Wei Chen, Wenbo Sun, Hao Mei, Xiaohui Chen, Jinfeng Lv, Xuan Li, Thorsten Feiweier, Ming Deng, Liying Xu","doi":"10.1186/s40644-026-01037-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40644-026-01037-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9548,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Imaging","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147763276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}