Cancer treatment and research communications最新文献

{"title":"Pregnancy-related breast cancer: 14-year experience in a tertiary institution in Hong Kong","authors":"Billy Ho Hung Cheung ,&nbsp;Vivian Chi Mei Man ,&nbsp;Goby Tze Wa Sham ,&nbsp;Lorraine Chow ,&nbsp;Michael Co ,&nbsp;Ava Kwong","doi":"10.1016/j.ctarc.2023.100783","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctarc.2023.100783","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The incidence of pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) is increasing. Its tumor characteristics and overall survival compared with those in nonpregnant patients remain controversial. While there have been suggestions that PABC patients have a 40 % increase in the risk of death compared to non-pregnant patients, other studies suggested similar disease outcomes. This study aims to review our local experience with PABC.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Twenty-eight patients diagnosed with PABC and twenty-eight patients diagnosed at premenopausal age randomly selected by a computer-generated system during the same period were recruited. Background characteristics, tumor features, and survival were compared.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among the twenty-eight pregnant patients, seventeen were diagnosed during pregnancy, and eleven were diagnosed in the postpartum period. Compared to the non-pregnant breast cancer patients, they presented with less progesterone receptor-positive tumor (35.7 % vs. 64.2 %, <em>p</em> = 0.03). Although there was no statistically significant difference in tumor size (<em>p</em> = 0.44) and nodal status (<em>p</em> = 0.16), the tumor tended to be larger in size (2.94 +/− 1.82 vs 2.40 +/− 1.69 cm) and with more nodal involvement (35.7 % vs 25.0 %). There was also a trend of delayed presentation to medical attention, with a mean duration of 13.1 weeks in the PABC group and 8.6 weeks in the control group. However, the overall survival did not differ (<em>p</em> = 0.63).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>PABC is increasing in incidence. They tend to have more aggressive features, but overall survival remains similar. A multidisciplinary approach is beneficial for providing the most appropriate care.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9507,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment and research communications","volume":"38 ","pages":"Article 100783"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468294223001053/pdfft?md5=7e4fd94c0127cf4bcd40a195119bd949&pid=1-s2.0-S2468294223001053-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138992672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting transforming growth factor-β1 by methylseleninic acid/seleno-L-methionine in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential","authors":"Aseel O. Rataan ,&nbsp;Yan Xu ,&nbsp;Sean M. Geary ,&nbsp;Yousef Zakharia ,&nbsp;Eman S. Kamel ,&nbsp;Youcef M. Rustum ,&nbsp;Aliasger K. Salem","doi":"10.1016/j.ctarc.2025.100864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctarc.2025.100864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) poses a significant global health challenge as its incidence continues to rise, resulting in a substantial annual mortality rate. Major clinical challenges to current ccRCC treatments include high drug-resistance rates as well as dose-limiting adverse events; underlining the need to identify additional ‘druggable’ targets. TGF-β1, VEGF, and PD-L1 are potential therapeutic targets in ccRCC. This study analyzed their expression in human ccRCC cell lines and patient tumor biopsies. Data obtained from western blotting demonstrated higher levels of TGF-β1 and PD-L1 and lower levels of VEGF in sarcomatoid ccRCC cell lines compared to non-sarcomatoid ccRCC cell lines. In patient samples, TGF-β1 was significantly upregulated in both non-sarcomatoid and sarcomatoid ccRCC tumors. It was demonstrated through two assays (cellular thermal shift assay and a size exclusion assay) that methylseleninic acid (MSA) binds specifically and directly to TGF-β1. MSA treatment significantly downregulated TGF-β1, PD-L1, and VEGF in a dose- and time-dependent manner in both non-sarcomatoid and sarcomatoid ccRCC cell lines. Seleno-L-methionine (SLM) treatment in a nude mouse xenograft model showed a significant tumor growth inhibition and TGF-β1 downregulation at non-toxic doses. These findings suggest that selenium-mediated downregulation of TGF-β1, PD-L1, and VEGF could be a viable therapeutic strategy for ccRCC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9507,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment and research communications","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100864"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143000821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond immortality: Epstein–Barr virus and the intricate dance of programmed cell death in cancer development","authors":"Arezoo Esmaeili ,&nbsp;Prankur Awasthi ,&nbsp;Samira Tabaee","doi":"10.1016/j.ctarc.2025.100880","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctarc.2025.100880","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This comprehensive review delves into the intricate role of programmed cell death in Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated malignancies, focusing on the sophisticated interplay between viral mechanisms and the host's immune response. The central objective is to unravel how EBV exerts control over cell death pathways such as apoptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagy, thereby fostering its persistence and oncogenic potential. By dissecting these mechanisms, the review seeks to identify therapeutic strategies that could disrupt EBV's manipulation of these pathways, enhancing immune recognition and opening new avenues for targeted treatment. A deeper understanding of the molecular underpinnings of EBV's influence on cell death not only enriches the field of viral oncology but also pinpoints targets for drug development. Furthermore, the insights gleaned from this review could catalyze the design of vaccines aimed at preventing EBV infection or curtailing its oncogenic impact. Innovatively, the review synthesizes recent discoveries on the multifaceted roles of non-coding RNAs and cellular signaling pathways in modulating cell death within the context of EBV infection. By consolidating current knowledge and identifying areas where understanding is lacking, it lays the groundwork for future research that could lead to significant advancements in vaccine development and therapeutic interventions for EBV-related cancers. This review underscores the critical necessity for ongoing investigation into the complex interplay between EBV and host cell death mechanisms, with the ultimate goal of enhancing patient outcomes in EBV-associated diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9507,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment and research communications","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100880"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Front-line liquid biopsy for early molecular assessment and treatment of hospitalized lung cancer patients","authors":"Francesca Parisi ,&nbsp;Giuseppa De Luca ,&nbsp;Manuela Mosconi ,&nbsp;Sonia Lastraioli ,&nbsp;Chiara Dellepiane ,&nbsp;Giovanni Rossi ,&nbsp;Silvia Puglisi ,&nbsp;Elisa Bennicelli ,&nbsp;Giulia Barletta ,&nbsp;Lodovica Zullo ,&nbsp;Sara Santamaria ,&nbsp;Marco Mora ,&nbsp;Alberto Ballestrero ,&nbsp;Fabrizio Montecucco ,&nbsp;Andrea Bellodi ,&nbsp;Lucia Del Mastro ,&nbsp;Matteo Lambertini ,&nbsp;Emanuela Barisione ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Cittadini ,&nbsp;Elena Tagliabue ,&nbsp;Carlo Genova","doi":"10.1016/j.ctarc.2024.100839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctarc.2024.100839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Molecular characterization is pivotal for managing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), although this process is often time-consuming and patients’ conditions might worsen while molecular analyses are processed.</p><p>Our primary aim was to evaluate the performance of “up-front” next-generation sequencing (NGS) through liquid biopsy (LB) of hospitalized patients with newly detected lung neoplasm in parallel with conventional diagnosis. The secondary aim included longitudinal monitoring through LB of patients with oncogenic alterations at baseline.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We enrolled 47 consecutive patients immediately after hospitalization and radiological detection of symptomatic lung neoplasm. LB from peripheral blood was performed at baseline, in parallel with conventional biopsy (CB), when feasible. Additionally, LBs were repeated during treatment in patients with actionable gene alterations at baseline. Oncomine™ Lung cfTNA Research Assay panel was employed for processing plasma samples in NGS.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>47 hospitalized patients were enrolled. LB identified 28 patients with gene alterations, including mutations of <em>EGFR</em> (<em>n</em> = 7), <em>KRAS</em> (<em>n</em> = 12), <em>ERBB2</em> (<em>n</em> = 1), <em>TP53</em> (<em>n</em> = 2), <em>BRAF</em> (<em>n</em> = 1), one <em>ALK</em> rearrangement, and 4 patients with combined mutations involving <em>EGFR, KRAS</em> and <em>PIK3CA</em>.</p><p>LB and CB were consistent, except for two patients. Three patients with positive LB for oncogenic drivers did not undergo CB due to contraindications.</p><p>Median time to molecular results after LB was significantly lower compared to time to molecular report after CB (11 <em>versus</em> 22 days, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Despite limited numbers, our study supports the role of front-line LB for improving management of symptomatic patients with lung cancer, potentially leading to early targeted therapy initiation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9507,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment and research communications","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100839"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468294224000510/pdfft?md5=7de73d36aa806d8764a34cae1943472b&pid=1-s2.0-S2468294224000510-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142096668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tumor lysate particle only vaccine (TLPO) vs. Tumor lysate particle-loaded, dendritic cell vaccine (TLPLDC) to prevent recurrence in resected stage III/IV melanoma patients: Results of a phase I/IIa trial","authors":"Spencer G. Van Decar ,&nbsp;Elizabeth L. Carpenter ,&nbsp;Alexandra M. Adams ,&nbsp;Robert C. Chick ,&nbsp;Guy T. Clifton ,&nbsp;Alex Stojadinovic ,&nbsp;Timothy J. Vreeland ,&nbsp;Franklin A. Valdera ,&nbsp;Ankur Tiwari ,&nbsp;Anne E. O'Shea ,&nbsp;Patrick M. McCarthy ,&nbsp;Diane F. Hale ,&nbsp;Phillip M Kemp Bohan ,&nbsp;Annelies T. Hickerson ,&nbsp;Jessica L. Cindass ,&nbsp;John Hyngstrom ,&nbsp;Adam C. Berger ,&nbsp;James W. Jakub ,&nbsp;Jeffrey J. Sussman ,&nbsp;Montaser Shaheen ,&nbsp;George E. Peoples","doi":"10.1016/j.ctarc.2024.100843","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctarc.2024.100843","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The autologous tumor lysate, particle-loaded, dendritic cell (TLPLDC) vaccine is produced from dendritic cells (DC) loaded <em>ex vivo</em> with autologous tumor lysate (TL). TLPLDC has been shown to decrease recurrence in resected Stage III/IV melanoma patients in a Phase IIb trial. The TL particle only (TLPO) vaccine is produced by loading of yeast cell wall particles with autologous TL and direct injection allowing for in vivo DC loading. We have compared the TLPO and TLPLDC vaccines in an embedded Phase I/IIa trial of a larger Phase IIb trial of the TLPLDC vaccine.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients rendered clinically disease-free after surgery were randomized 2:1 to receive the TLPO or TLPLDC vaccine and followed for recurrence and death. Patients had scheduled intradermal inoculations at 0, 1, 2, 6, 12, and 18 months after enrollment. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank analysis were used to compare disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in an intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Sixty-three patients were randomized, 43 TLPO and 20 TLPLDC. Patients randomized to the TLPO arm were more likely to be female (37.2% vs. 10.0 %, <em>p</em> = 0.026), but otherwise no significant clinicopathological differences were identified. No differences in related adverse events (AE) were found between treatment arms. At a median follow-up of 20.5 months, the DFS (60.8% vs. 58.7 %, <em>p</em> = 0.714) and OS (94.6% vs. 93.8 %, <em>p</em> = 0.966) were equivalent between the TLPO and TLPLDC groups, respectively. No statistical differences were found in subgroup analyses between vaccine types, which accounted for receipt of immunotherapy and the use of G-CSF pre-blood draw.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In a randomized, double-blind Phase I/IIa trial, there were no differences in DFS or OS in resected Stage III/IV melanoma patients receiving adjuvant TLPO versus TLPLDC vaccines. Given manufacturing advantages, further efficacy testing of TLPO is warranted in a Phase III trial.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9507,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment and research communications","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100843"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468294224000558/pdfft?md5=a50b0641d4720fd3849db87727800dda&pid=1-s2.0-S2468294224000558-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142280550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes in patients with high-risk locally advanced cervical cancer","authors":"Francesca Coutinho ,&nbsp;Mugdha Gokhale ,&nbsp;Charlotte Doran ,&nbsp;Matthew Monberg ,&nbsp;Karin Yamada ,&nbsp;Lei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ctarc.2024.100800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctarc.2024.100800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To characterize the real-world treatment patterns and outcomes of patients with high-risk locally advanced cervical cancer (HR-LACC).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This retrospective study identified and randomly selected adults diagnosed between 2010 and 2018 from the ConcertAI Oncology Dataset. For patients initially treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), we estimated real-world progression-free survival (rwPFS) among those with persistent disease, real-world time on CCRT, and recurrence-free survival (rwRFS) using Kaplan-Meier methods.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The cohort included 300 patients. Median age at diagnosis was 51 years. 53.7 % were White and 30.0 % were Black; 52.0 % were premenopausal; 89.3 % had squamous cell histology; 75.3 % had stage III disease, and 92.7 % had no evidence of performance status impairment. Initial treatment included CCRT (<em>N</em> = 229), surgery (<em>N</em> = 28), antineoplastics only (<em>N</em> = 11), and radiation only (<em>N</em> = 5). Twenty-seven patients were untreated. Baseline characteristics for the CCRT-first patients were similar to the overall cohort; their median real-world time on treatment was 1.6 months; 78.2 % received cisplatin for a median of 1.2 months; 28.4 % received antineoplastics after CCRT, and 11.8 % initiated a second antineoplastic therapy. Of the CCRT-first patients, 27/143 with a complete response had subsequent recurrent disease (median rwRFS not reached). 179 patients had persistent disease, among whom median (95 % confidence interval [CI]) rwPFS was 29.7 (16.9–59.3) months.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In this study of United States-based clinical practices, most HR-LACC patients received CCRT as initial treatment. Many patients developed persistent disease after CCRT indicating a need for improved first treatment and maintenance options.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9507,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment and research communications","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100800"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468294224000121/pdfft?md5=f7ddf2a79fac6339adf8ede5859e2b7b&pid=1-s2.0-S2468294224000121-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140015326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Considerations for selecting second-line treatment in patients with progressive small cell lung cancer and the use of Lurbinectedin in this setting","authors":"Firas Badin","doi":"10.1016/j.ctarc.2024.100803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctarc.2024.100803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is characterized by high initial responses to platinum-based chemotherapy plus immune checkpoint inhibitors; however, most patients quickly relapse and require subsequent treatment. Second-line treatment options in SCLC remain limited, and treatment algorithms are not completely consistent across the available guidelines in this setting. This review highlights key considerations regarding selection of second-line treatment for patients with relapsed SCLC. In particular, the role of lurbinectedin, which was first approved in 2020, representing the first significant addition to treatment algorithms in this setting for decades, is summarized. Future directions, including the identification of SCLC subtypes and the need for predictive biomarkers to guide patient selection and targeted therapy, are also discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9507,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment and research communications","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 100803"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468294224000157/pdfft?md5=b29452b22f58508bfc26f6b0891ea943&pid=1-s2.0-S2468294224000157-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140122964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunoexpression pattern of TLR3 and TLR7 in minor salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma and its role in prognosis","authors":"Aleksi Rytkönen ,&nbsp;Mine Eray ,&nbsp;Auli Suominen ,&nbsp;Antti Mäkitie ,&nbsp;Caj Haglund ,&nbsp;Jaana Hagström ,&nbsp;Hanna K. Laine","doi":"10.1016/j.ctarc.2024.100822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctarc.2024.100822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the salivary glands has poor long-term prognosis and a high metastatic rate. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), first-line immune activators, have been associated with both tumor progression and suppression. We aimed to study TLR3 and TLR7 behavior in ACC.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>We studied TLR3 and TLR7 immunoexpression of 46 minor salivary gland ACCs diagnosed at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland over the period 1974–2012. The associations of TLR3 and TLR7 immunoexpression with clinicopathological factors were evaluated by χ²-test and Fisher's exact test.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In the majority of samples, both TLR3 and TLR7 were immunoexpressed in cytoplasm. The immunoexpression was heterogeneous between individual tumors. Stronger TLR7 immunoexpression associated with recurrence rate and poorer disease-specific survival (DSS). TLR3 did not associate significantly with survival although we found an inverse correlation between TLR3 and TLR7 immunopositivity. Hence, when TLR3 immunoexpression was negative or mild, TLR7 immunoexpression was moderate to strong, and vice versa.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>TLR3 and TLR7 are immunoexpressed in minor salivary gland ACC. TLR7 is potentially an independent prognostic marker for recurrence rate and DSS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9507,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment and research communications","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100822"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468294224000340/pdfft?md5=8bb1c84fbf9eeb9995a07d3feeb8cf80&pid=1-s2.0-S2468294224000340-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141137449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with delay in diagnosis of oral cancers","authors":"Deepa Swaminathan,&nbsp;Nebu Abraham George,&nbsp;Shaji Thomas,&nbsp;Elizabeth Mathew Iype","doi":"10.1016/j.ctarc.2024.100831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctarc.2024.100831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Oral cancer is one of the ten most common malignancies in the world and approximately 90 % of cases are OSCC. Despite the progress in available treatment modalities, the mortality of patients with OSCC has remained steadily high during the last 20 years. Survival data is strongly influenced by the timing of diagnosis: with more than 50 % of patients being diagnosed at an advanced stage, and their 5-year survival rate being less than 50 %. Therefore, early diagnosis plays a crucial role in improving a patient's prognosis, as early stage cancers show a survival rate of over 90 %, whereas it drops to 5–20 % stage III and IV disease. This prospective study has been conducted with an aim of assessing diagnostic delays and looking at the various patient and tumour factors and their association with them.</p></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><p>This prospective observational study was conducted from December 2023 to February 2024. The cases for the present study included cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed by clinical, radiological and/or histological confirmation. The patient delay was recorded in days as informed by the patients themselves, about the onset of their symptoms to time taken to seek medical attention. This was then associated with various patient and tumour related factors.</p></div><div><h3>Result</h3><p>A total of 120 (n) patients were interviewed and these patient's case sheets were recruited for the present study. The median primary delay for the entire population was found to be 90 days while the median secondary delay was 11 days. The median total delay was found to be 106 days. The median total delay was higher among females and younger population though this was not statistically significant. However education showed a significant impact with literate patients presenting much earlier. Smoking and alcohol abuse did not show a significant effect on delay. Various tumour factors also did not show any statistically significant effect on delay although, patients with advanced stage and nodal secondaries presented at a much later time.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Both patient and tumour related factors as well as the decisions made during the first contact with health care providers influence delay before specialist consultation. Raising awareness of HNC symptoms among the general population and GPs is the way to get patients to curative treatment without long delay.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9507,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment and research communications","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100831"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468294224000431/pdfft?md5=9c724da23d2ea1767e062dbbb664435b&pid=1-s2.0-S2468294224000431-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141594247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional status, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio as prognostic factors of one-year survival rate in elderly patients with advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer","authors":"Ratna Nurhayati ,&nbsp;Aulia Rizka ,&nbsp;Cleopas Martin Rumende ,&nbsp;Noorwati Sutandyo ,&nbsp;Arif Hanafi ,&nbsp;Edy Rizal Wahyudi ,&nbsp;Hamzah Shatri ,&nbsp;Anna Mira Lubis ,&nbsp;Em Yunir ,&nbsp;Muhammad Firdaus ,&nbsp;Yuniar Harris Prayitno ,&nbsp;Nadira Nibras Taqiyya","doi":"10.1016/j.ctarc.2024.100859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ctarc.2024.100859","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aim</h3><div>Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common lung cancer found in elderly patients. Aging and chronic inflammation are related to its pathogenesis. Functional status, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio describe a chronic inflammation and correlate to the survival of older adults with advanced-stage (IIIB-IV) NSCLC. This study aims to determine functional status, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio as prognostic factors to 1-year survival in elderly patients with NSCLC stage IIIB-IV.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Survival analysis with a cohort retrospective study is conducted on elderly patients with NSCLC stage IIIB-IV in Dharmais National Cancer Center Hospital between January 2020 and June 2022. Medical records were collected, comprising complete blood count prior to chemotherapy or radiotherapy, assessment of functional status through the Barthel Index for Activities of Daily Living (ADL), and 1-year survival post-diagnosis. Factors potentially influencing outcomes included diabetes mellitus, anemia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and chronic kidney disease. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 20.0, employing the log-rank method for bivariate analysis and Cox regression for multivariate analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In a cohort of 108 patients, the majority were aged 60–69 years (74.1 %), male (66.7 %), diagnosed at stage IV (80.5 %), and with adenocarcinoma subtype (75.0 %). Significant correlations were observed between the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio with the 1-year survival rate in elderly patients with stage IIIB-IV NSCLC (<em>p</em> = 0.015 and <em>p</em> = 0.001, respectively). Functional status did not show a significant correlation with 1-year survival overall (<em>p</em> = 0.540), but significant correlations were noted in patients receiving chemotherapy (<em>p</em> = 0.044) and radiotherapy (<em>p</em> = 0.009).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio provide significant prognostic insights regarding 1-year survival in elderly patients diagnosed with stage IIIB-IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In contrast, the functional status of these patients does not demonstrate a significant correlation with one-year survival.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9507,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment and research communications","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100859"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142892303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}